{"id":34112,"date":"2021-02-06T05:24:12","date_gmt":"2021-02-06T05:24:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/samacheer-kalvi.com\/?p=34112"},"modified":"2021-12-06T15:51:05","modified_gmt":"2021-12-06T10:21:05","slug":"samacheer-kalvi-11th-bio-botany-guide-chapter-2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/samacheer-kalvi.com\/samacheer-kalvi-11th-bio-botany-guide-chapter-2\/","title":{"rendered":"Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Guide Chapter 2 Plant Kingdom"},"content":{"rendered":"

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Guide<\/a> Pdf Chapter 2 Plant Kingdom
\nText Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.<\/p>\n

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Solutions Chapter 2 Plant Kingdom<\/h2>\n

11th Bio Botany Guide Plant Kingdom Text Book Back Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n

Part-I<\/span><\/p>\n

Choose the Right Answer:<\/span><\/p>\n

Question 1.
\nWhich of the plant group has gametophyte as a dominant phase ?
\na. Pteridophytes
\nb. Bryophytes
\nc. Gymnosperm
\nd. Angiosperm
\nAnswer:
\nb. Bryophytes<\/p>\n

\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

Question 2.
\nWhich of the following represent gametophytic generation in Pteridophytes?
\na. Prothallus
\nb. Thallus
\nc. Cone
\nd. Rhizophore
\nAnswer:
\na. Prothallus<\/p>\n

Question 3.
\nThe haploid number of chromosome for an Angiosperm is 14, the number of chromosome in its endosperm would be
\na. 7
\nb. 14
\nc. 42
\nd. 28
\nAnswer:
\nc. 42<\/p>\n

Question 4.
\nEndosperm is gymnosperm is formed
\na. At the time of fertilization
\nb. Before fertilization
\nc. After fertilization
\nd. Along with the development of embryo
\nAnswer:
\nb. Before fertilization<\/p>\n

\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

Question 5.
\nDifferentiate Haplontic and Diplontic life cycle.
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
<\/td>\nHaplontic life cycle<\/td>\nDiplontic life cycle .<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
Gametophyte phase Sporophytic phase<\/td>\nDominant photosynthetic independent Recessive represented by the zygote.Zygote undergoes meiosis to restore haploidy e.g. Volvox.Spirogyra<\/td>\nRecessive represented by single to few celled stage Zygote develop in to dominant sporophyte e.g.Fucus, Gymnosperm, Angiosperm.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

Question 6.
\nWhat is plectostele – Give example.
\nAnswer:
\nPlectostele: Xylem plates alternates with phloem plates. Example: Lycopodium clavatum.<\/p>\n

Question 7.
\nWhat do we infer from the term Pucnoxylic?
\nAnswer:<\/p>\n

    \n
  • Secondary growth is also traced in gymnosperms, E.g. Cycas and Pinus.<\/li>\n
  • The wood may be compact with narrow medullary ray this condition known as Pycnoxlic seen in Pinus.<\/li>\n
  • It is opposite to Manoxylic condition which is seen in Cycas.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

    Question 8.
    \nMention two characters shared by Gymnosperms and Angiosperms.
    \nAnswer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
    \n

    Gymnosperms<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

    		\n

    Angiosperms<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

    1<\/td>\nSeed bearing plants<\/td>\nSeed bearing plants<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    2<\/td>\nPlant body is a sporophyte and it is dominant phase.<\/td>\nPlant body is a sporophyte and it is also the dominant phase<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    3<\/td>\nStem show secondary growth.<\/td>\nStem show secondary growth only in dicots not in monocots.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
    4<\/td>\nAlternation of generation is present.<\/td>\nAlternation of generation is present.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

    Question 9.
    \nDo you think shape of chloroplast is unique for algae. Justify your answer.
    \nAnswer:
    \nVariation among the shape of the chloroplast is found in members of algae. It is Cup-shaped (chlamydomonas). Discoid ((Chara), Girdle shaped (Ulothrix), reticulate (Oedogonium), spiral (Spirogyra), stellate (Zygnema) and plate like (Mougeoutia).<\/p>\n

    \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

    Question 10.
    \nDo you agree with the statement that Bryophytes need water for fertilization? Justify your answer.
    \nAnswer:
    \nBeing amphibians of plant kingdom they are simplest land inhabiting cryptogams and restricted to moist shady habitats. They need water for the male gametes to reach Archegonia to effect fertilization. So water is needed for completing their fertilization and their life cycle.<\/p>\n

    Part – II<\/span><\/p>\n

    11th Bio Botany Guide Plant Kingdom Additional Important Questions and Answers<\/h3>\n

    I. Choose the correct option.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Question 1.
    \nGametophytic phase is …………… .
    \n(a) triploid
    \n(b) tetraploid
    \n(c) haploid
    \n(d) diploid
    \nAnswer:
    \n(c) haploid<\/p>\n

    Question 2.
    \nThe numbers of known species of Angiosperms in the world is
    \na. 268600
    \nb. 286600
    \nc. 224400
    \nd. 274832
    \nAnswer:
    \na. 268600<\/p>\n

    \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

    Question 3.
    \nWhich algae leads an endozoic life in Hydra?
    \n(a) Chlorella
    \n(b) Gracilaria
    \n(c) Ulothrix
    \n(d) Chlamydomonas
    \nAnswer:
    \n(a) Chlorella<\/p>\n

    Question 4.
    \nThe protein bodies found in chromatophores & assist in the synthesis and storage of starch is
    \na. Leucoplasts
    \nb. Floridean starch
    \nc. Pyrenoids
    \nd. Mannitol
    \nAnswer:
    \nc. Pyrenoids<\/p>\n

    Question 5.
    \nPostelia palmaeformis is commonly known as
    \na. Sea kelp
    \nb. Sea shell
    \nc. Sea palm
    \nd. Sea worth
    \nAnswer:
    \nc. Sea palm<\/p>\n

    \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

    Question 6.
    \nIn Chara, thallus is encrusted with\u00a0…………… .
    \n(a) calcium carbonate
    \n(b) hydrogen sulphate
    \n(c) silica
    \n(d) ammonium carbonate
    \nAnswer:
    \n(a) calcium carbonate<\/p>\n

    Question 7.
    \nGemmae formation is not traced in which three of the given four options
    \na. Marchanlia
    \nb. Riella
    \nc. Ricciocarpus
    \nd. Anthoceros
    \n(i) ab & c
    \n(ii) be & d
    \n(iii) ab & d
    \n(iv) ac & d
    \nAnswer:
    \n(ii) be & d<\/p>\n

    \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

    Question 8.
    \nFind out the aquatic bryophytes of the following.
    \na. Riella
    \nb. Ricciocarpus
    \nc. Riccia
    \nd. Bryopteris
    \n(i) a&c
    \n(ii) b&c
    \n(iii) c&d
    \n(iv) a&b
    \nAnswer:
    \n(iv) a&b<\/p>\n

    Question 9.
    \n…………… are thin-walled non – motile spores.
    \n(a) Zoospores
    \n(b) Akinetes
    \n(c) Aplanospores
    \n(d) Genunae
    \nAnswer:
    \n(c) Aplanospores<\/p>\n

    Question 10.
    \nwhich one of the following is a terrestrial chiorophycea
    \na. Chara
    \nb. Zygnema
    \nc. Trentipohlia
    \nd. Ulva
    \nAnswer:
    \nc. Trentipohlia<\/p>\n

    Question 11.
    \nThick walled spores meant for perrennation are known as
    \na. Aplanospores
    \nb. Akinetes
    \nc. Endospores
    \nd. Zoospores
    \nAnswer:
    \nb. Akinetes<\/p>\n

    \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

    Question 12.
    \nThe photosynthetic part of the Phaeophyceae thallus Is called as
    \n(a) holdfast
    \n(b) stipes
    \n(c) lamina
    \n(d) fronds
    \nAnswer:
    \n(d) fronds<\/p>\n

    Question 13.
    \nThe female sex organ of red algae is known as
    \na. Archegonium
    \nb. Spermatogonium
    \nc. Carpogonium
    \nd. Oogonium
    \nAnswer:
    \nc. Carpogonium<\/p>\n

    Question 14.
    \nEndosperm is triploid and haploid in
    \na. Pteridophyta & Gymnosperm
    \nb. Angiosperm & Gymnosperm
    \nc. Gymnosperm & monocot
    \nd. Gymnosperm & dicot
    \nAnswer:
    \nb. Angiosperm & Gymnosperm<\/p>\n

    Question 15.
    \nGelidium belongs to …………… members.
    \n(a) Rhodophyccae
    \n(b) Phaeophyceae
    \n(c) Cyanophyccae
    \n(d) Dinophyceae
    \nAnswer:
    \n(a) Rhodophyceae<\/p>\n

    \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

    Question 16.
    \n……………….. is known as leather leaf fern
    \na. Marsilea
    \nb. Azolla
    \nc. Selaginella
    \nd. Rumohra adiantiformis
    \nAnswer:
    \nd. Rumohra adiantiformis<\/p>\n

    Question 17.
    \nStele includes
    \na. Xylem, phloem & cambium
    \nb. Xylem, phloem & medulla
    \nc. Xylem, phloem & pericycle
    \nd. Xylem, phloem, pericycle & medulla
    \nAnswer:
    \nd. Xylem, phloem, pericycle & medulla<\/p>\n

    Question 18.
    \nMarchantia vegetatively propagates by\u00a0…………… .
    \n(a) tubers
    \n(b) gemmae
    \n(c) buds
    \n(d) brood bodies
    \nAnswer:
    \n(b) gemmae<\/p>\n

    Question 19.
    \nThe organ in bryophytes that help to attach the thallus to the substratum is
    \na. Hold fast
    \nb. Rhizoids
    \nc. Rhizopore
    \nd.Roots
    \nAnswer:
    \na. Holdfast<\/p>\n

    Question 20.
    \nCoralloid roots of cycas have a symbiotic association with …………….
    \n(a) Blue-green algae
    \n(b) Mycorrhiza
    \n(c) Euglena
    \n(d) Rhizobium
    \nAnswer:
    \n(a) Blue-green algae<\/p>\n

    \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

    II. Match the following & find the correct answer.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Question 1.
    \n(i) Spores look similar to parental cell – Zoospore (A)
    \n(ii) Thick walled aplanospores – Autospore (B)
    \n(iii) Thin walled non-motile spores – Hypnospore (C)
    \n(iv) Thin walled motile spores – Aplanospore (D)
    \n\"Samacheer
    \nAnswer:
    \n(b) B-C-D-A<\/p>\n

    Question 2.
    \n(i) Helianthusannum – Amphiboloicstele (A)
    \n(ii) Lycopodium serratum – Eustele(B)
    \n(iii) Zeamays – Actinostele (C)
    \n(iv) Adiantumpedatum – Atactostele (D)
    \n\"Samacheer
    \nAnswer:
    \n(a) B-C-D-A<\/p>\n

    Question 3.
    \n(i) Fossil bryophyte – Lepidodendron, Williamson
    \n(ii) Fossil Algae – Calamites Baragwanthia
    \n(iii) Fossil pteridophyte – Naiadita, Hepaticites
    \n(iv) Fossil Gymnosperm – Palaeoporella,Dimorphosiphon
    \n\"Samacheer
    \nAnswer:
    \n(d) C-D-B-A<\/p>\n

    Question 4.
    \n(i) Abies balsamea – Drug for cancer treatment (A)
    \n(ii)Taxus brevifolia – Wood for making door, boat & railway sleepers (B)
    \n(iii) Cedrus deodara – Treatment for asthama & bronchitis(C)
    \n(iv) Ephedra gerardiana – Slide mounting medium(D)
    \n\"Samacheer
    \nAnswer:
    \n(c) D-A-B-C<\/p>\n

    \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

    Question 5.
    \nFind the chromosome number of the following by choosing the correct option.
    \n(i) Embryo ofblyophyta
    \n(ii) Embryo ofAngiosperm
    \n(iii) Endosperm ofAngiosperm
    \n(iv) Sporophyte ofpteridophyta
    \n\"Samacheer
    \nAnswer:
    \n(a) (I) n (II) 2n (III) 3n (IV) 2n<\/p>\n

    III. Choose the wrong statement.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Question 1.
    \nThe following statement is not applicable to which one of the following options
    \nThe sporophyte is dominant, photosynthetic, and independent. The gametophytic phase is represented by a single to few celled gametophyte
    \na. Fucus
    \nb. Mango
    \nc. Pinus
    \nd. Marchantia
    \nAnswer:
    \nd. Marchantia<\/p>\n

    Question 2.
    \nOne of the following is not a Marine Algae.
    \na. Gracilaria
    \nb. Sargassum
    \nc. Oedogonium
    \nd. Cladophora
    \nAnswer:
    \nc. Oedogonium<\/p>\n

    Question 3.
    \nWhich one of the following is not a Vascular cryptogam
    \na. Lycopodium
    \nb. Anthoceros
    \nc. Equisetum
    \nd. Selaginella
    \nAnswer:
    \nb. Anthoceros<\/p>\n

    Question 4.
    \nWhich one among the given four doesn\u2019t belong to Chlorophyceae
    \na. Chiorella
    \nb. Volvox
    \nc. Chara
    \nd. Sargassum
    \nAnswer:
    \nd. Sargassum<\/p>\n

    \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

    Question 5.
    \nPollination is not entomophilous in
    \na. Hibiscus
    \nb. Mangifera
    \nc. Chrysanthemum
    \nd. Cycas
    \nAnswer :
    \nd. Cycas<\/p>\n

    Question 6.
    \nThe following one is not a monoecious plant
    \na. Pinus
    \nb. Cycas
    \nc. Alnus
    \nd. Ginkgo
    \nAnswer:
    \nb. Cycas<\/p>\n

    Question 7.
    \nWhich one of the following is not the correct statement regarding Algae?
    \na. The study of Algae is known as Phycology
    \nb. A wide range of thallus organization is found in Algae
    \nc. Algae are eukaryotic except Blue Green Algae
    \nd. They are the simplest plant group with root stem and leaves
    \nAnswer:
    \nd. They are the simplest plant group with root stem and leaves<\/p>\n

    IV. Find out the true or false statements from the following and on that basis find the correct answer.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Question 1.
    \n(i) Chara thallus is encrusted with calcium carbonate
    \n(ii) Siliceous wall occurs in the cell wall of Diatom
    \n(iii) Soil inhabiting algae – Fritshchiella
    \n(iv) Cladophora crispate is growing now
    \n\"Samacheer
    \nAnswer:
    \nc. (I) True (II) True (III) False (IV) True<\/p>\n

    Question 2.
    \n(i)\u00a0 Prothallus develop into a sporophyte
    \n(ii)\u00a0 Algae growing on snow is known as cryptophytes
    \n(iii)\u00a0 The common name of Postelia Palmaeformis is known as sea palm.
    \n(iv)\u00a0 Endosperm is triploid in pinus.
    \n\"Samacheer
    \nAnswer:
    \na. (I) False (II) True (III) True (IV) False<\/p>\n

    \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

    Question 3.
    \n(i)\u00a0 Apogamy and Apospory is common in pteridophytes
    \n(ii) Spore bearing leaves in pteridophytes are known as a sorus
    \n(iii) Branches of limited growth and branches of unlimited growth are seen in gymnosperm
    \n(iv) Cambium occur in gymnosperm as in dicots
    \n\"Samacheer
    \nAnswer:
    \nd. (I) True (II) False (III) False (IV) True<\/p>\n

    Question 4.
    \n(i) Fungi play important role in soil conservation
    \n(ii) Vascular cryptogams were predominant in the paleozoic era
    \n(iii) Gymnosperms were dominant in the early cretaceous period.
    \n(iv) Angiosperms appeared during the Jurassic period
    \n\"Samacheer
    \nAnswer:
    \nb (I) False (II) True (III) False (IV) False<\/p>\n

    Question 5.
    \n(i) Polyembryony is traced in Pteridophyta
    \n(ii) Vessels are present in Gnetum and ephedra
    \n(iii) Heterosporus condition is seen in Lycopodium
    \n(iv) Corolloid root occur in Cycas
    \n\"Samacheer
    \nAnswer:
    \na. (I) False (II) True (III) False (IV) True<\/p>\n

    Question 6.
    \nWhich one of the following is the correct statement regarding Phaeophyta
    \na.\u00a0 It is commonly known as Red Algae
    \nb. The plant body has fronds, stipe & hold fast
    \nc. The reserve material is Floridian starch
    \nd. Sexual reproduction is isogamous
    \nAnswer:
    \nb. The plant body has fronds, stipe & holdfast<\/p>\n

    \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

    Question 7.
    \nChoose the right statement regarding leaves of Pteridiumsp.
    \na. It is used as food
    \nb. Green dye is derived from it.
    \nc. It is used as bio-fertilizer
    \nd. It is an ornamental foliage plant
    \nAnswer:
    \nb.Green dye is derived from it<\/p>\n

    Question 8.
    \nWhich one of the following is a correct statement regarding Bryophyta
    \na. Mostly terrestrial plants so water is not essential for reproduction
    \nb. The gametophyte is dominant but the sporophyte is independent
    \nc. They have well-developed xylem and phloem tissues
    \nd. They are the simplest land inhabiting cryptogams lacking vascular tissues.
    \nAnswer:
    \nd.They are the simplest land inhabiting cryptogams lacking vascular tissues<\/p>\n

    Question 9.
    \nChoose the correct statement regarding Gymnosperm
    \na. The spores are generally homosporous
    \nb. The leaves are dimorphic, foliage and scale leaves are present
    \nc. The stem is aerial erect and unbranched in conifers
    \nd. Xylem mostly consists of only vessels.
    \nAnswer:
    \nb. The leaves are dimorphic, foliage and scale leaves are present.<\/p>\n

    Question 10.
    \nChoose the correct statement regarding the common characters of Gymnosperm and Angiosperm only
    \na. Pollen tube help in the transfer of male nucleus & fertilization is Siphonogamous
    \nb. Heterospory is of common occurrence
    \nc. Vessels are the chief water-conducting elements
    \nd. Pollination is by Anemophilous method only
    \nAnswer:
    \na. Pollen tubes help in the transfer of the male nucleus & fertilization is Siphonogamous.<\/p>\n

    Question 11.
    \nLook at the picture and find out the correct answer.
    \na. Gemmae of Marchantia
    \nb. Thallus of Riccia
    \nc. The gametophyte of Anthoceos
    \nd. The tubers of Anthoceos
    \n\"Samacheer
    \nAnswer:
    \nd.The tubers of Anthoceos<\/p>\n

    \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

    Question 12.
    \nLook at the picture and find out the correct answer
    \na. The Asexual reproduction in Ultrix by the formation of zoospores
    \nb. Akinetes formation in Pithophora
    \nc. Scalariform conjugation in Zygnema
    \nd. Zygospore formation in spirogyra
    \n\"Samacheer
    \nAnswer:
    \nc. Scalariform conjugation in zygoma.<\/p>\n

    V.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Question 1.
    \nWhich one of the following is a wrong pair?
    \na. National wood fossil park – Thuruvakkarai
    \nb. Shiwalik fossil park – Arunachala Pradesh
    \nc. Mandal fossil park – Madhya Pradesh
    \nd. Raj mahal hill – Jharkhand
    \nAnswer:
    \nb. Shiwalik fossil park – Arunachala Pradesh<\/p>\n

    Question 2.
    \nWhich one of the following is a wrong pair?
    \na. Halophytic Algae – Dunaliella salina
    \nb. Epiphytic Algae – Rhodymenia
    \nc. Endophytic algae – Cladophora crisp ala
    \nd. Endozoic Algae – Chlorella
    \nAnswer:
    \nc. Endophytic Algae – Cladophora crisp ala<\/p>\n

    Question 3.
    \nWhich one of the following is a wrong pair?
    \na. Father of Indian Bryology- Prof. Shiv. Ram Kashyap
    \nb. Father of Indian Phycology – F.E. Fritsch
    \nc. The classification of gymnosperm – Sporn
    \nd. The father of Indian Paleobotany – Prof. Birbal Sahni
    \nAnswer:
    \nb.Father of Indian Phycology F.E.Fritsch<\/p>\n

    \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

    VI. Read the following assertion & reason. Find the correct answer.<\/span><\/p>\n

    Question 1.
    \nAssertion: Chlorophyceae is known as green algae.
    \nReason: These plants have chlorophyll & chlorophyll as their major photosynthetic pigments.
    \n(a) Assertion and Reason are correct. The reason is explaining Assertion.
    \n(b) Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not explaining Assertion.
    \n(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is wrong.
    \n(d) Assertion is true, but Reason is not explaining Assertion.
    \nAnswer:
    \n(a) Assertion and Reason are correct. The reason is explaining Assertion.<\/p>\n

    Question 2.
    \nAssertion: In Bryophytes haploid gametophyte, alternate with diploid sporophyte phase.
    \nReason: Bryophytes lack vascular tissue and hence called non-vascular cryptogams.
    \n(a) Assertion and Reason are correct. The reason explaining Assertion.
    \n(b) Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not explaining Assertion.
    \n(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is wrong.
    \n(d) Assertion is true, but Reason is not explaining Assertion.
    \nAnswer:
    \n(b) Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not explaining Assertion<\/p>\n

    \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

    Question 3.
    \nAssertion: Gnetum has flowers and it also has vessels as conducting elements like angiosperm.
    \nReason: Gnetum is a primitive gymnosperm.
    \n(a) Assertion and Reason are correct, Reason explaining assertion.
    \n(b) Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason not explaining Assertion.
    \n(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is wrong.
    \n(d) Assertion is true, but Reason is not explaining Assertion.
    \nAnswer:
    \n(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is wrong.<\/p>\n

    Question 4.
    \nAssertion: The endosperm is haploid and develops before fertilization in a gymnosperm.
    \nReason: The endosperm is triploid and develops after fertilization in angiosperm.
    \n(a) Assertion and Reason are correct. The reason explaining Assertion.
    \n(b) Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not explaining Assertion.
    \n(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is wrong.
    \n(d) Assertion is true, but Reason is not explaining Assertion.
    \nAnswer:
    \n(b) Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not explaining Assertion.<\/p>\n

    Question 5.
    \nAssertion: The embryogeny is endoscopic in Bryophytes.
    \nReason: The first division of the zygote is transverse & the apex of the embryo develops from the outer cell.
    \n(a) Assertion and Reason are correct, Reason explaining Assertion.
    \n(b) Assertion and Reason are correct, but Reason is not explaining Assertion.
    \n(c) Assertion is true, but Reason is wrong.
    \n(d) Assertion is true, but Reason is not explaining Assertion.
    \nAnswer:
    \n(a) Assertion and reason are correct, Reason explaining Assertion.<\/p>\n

    \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

    VII. In the following diagram what are the parts (A) (B) (C) (D) representing?<\/span><\/p>\n

    Question 1.
    \n(a) (A) Epidermis (B) Xylem
    \n(C) Phloem (D) Cambium
    \n(b) (A) Epidermis (B) Phloem
    \n(C) Cambium (D) Xylem
    \n(c) (A) Epidermis (B) Cambium
    \n(C) Xylem (D) Phloem
    \n(d) (A) Phloem (B) Xylem
    \n(C) Cambium (D) Epidermis
    \n\"Samacheer
    \nAns: (b) (A) Epidermis-(B) Phloem-(C) Cambium-(D) Xylem<\/p>\n

    Additional Questions – 2 Marks<\/span><\/p>\n

    Question 1.
    \nDefine alternation of generation.
    \nAnswer:
    \nAlternation of the haploid gametophytic phase (n) with diploid sporophytic phase (2n) during the life cycle is called alternation of generation.<\/p>\n

    Question 2.
    \nChlorella – structure label the parts.
    \nAnswer:
    \n\"Samacheer
    \nLabel (1) nucleus
    \n(2) cup-shaped chloroplast<\/p>\n

    \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

    Question 3.
    \nName any two freshwater algae.
    \nAnswer:
    \nTwo freshwater algae:<\/p>\n

      \n
    1. Oedogonium and<\/li>\n
    2. Ulothrix<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

      Question 4.
      \nWhat is the use of Diatomaceous earth?
      \nAnswer:
      \nDiatomaceous earth is got from the siliceous frustules (Diatom). It belongs to bacillario phyta. The transparent cell walls of a diatom are made up of hydrated silica. Generally known as Diatomaceous earth.
      \nUse:<\/p>\n

        \n
      • It is used in water filters as an insultation material.<\/li>\n
      • Reinforcing agent in concrete and rubber.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

        Question 5.
        \nWhat is the use of chlorella in sewage treatment?
        \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

          \n
        • Chlorella, Scenedesmus, Chlamydomonas are used in the sewage treatment plants. For their photosynthetic activity, they utilize the carbon dioxide from sewage and release oxygen.<\/li>\n
        • The aerobic bacteria, by utilising this oxygen degrade & decompose organic materials in the sewage. Thus play a vital role in sewage treatment plants. (STPs)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

          \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

          Question 6.
          \nIdentify and label the given diagram.
          \n\"Samacheer
          \nAnswer:
          \nThe given figure represents Marchantia<\/p>\n

            \n
          1. Apical notch<\/li>\n
          2. Sex organs<\/li>\n
          3. Gametophyte of thallus<\/li>\n
          4. Rhizoids<\/li>\n
          5. Gemma<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

            Question 7.
            \nDifferentiate between Sorus, Sporangia, Sporophyll.
            \nAnswer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n
            \n

            Sporangia<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

            		Sorus<\/td>\n\n

            Sporophyll<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

            Spore producing organ<\/td>\nGroup of Sporangia known as Sorus<\/td>\nThe leaf-bearing Sorus in Neprolepis is known as Sporophyll<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

            Question 8.
            \nBryophytes are amphibians of plant kingdom – Justify.
            \nAnswer:
            \nBryophytes are called \u2018amphibians of plant kingdom\u2019 because they need water for completing their life cycle.<\/p>\n

            Question 9.
            \nLabel the given diagram.
            \n\"Samacheer
            \nAnswer:
            \nThe given diagram is the sporophyte of Funaria parts<\/p>\n

              \n
            1. Calyptra<\/li>\n
            2. Capsule<\/li>\n
            3. Leaves<\/li>\n
            4. Rhizoids<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

              Question 10.
              \nWhat are the aspects that helped Pteridophtes to evolve into terrestrial habitats?
              \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                \n
              • Pteridophytes are the first to acquire vascular tissues, xylem and phloem, and a well-developed root system. So known as vascular cryptogam.<\/li>\n
              • This aspect had helped pteridophytes to evolve into terrestrial habitats.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                Question 11.
                \nAssign few plants in the group Pteridophytes.
                \nAnswer:
                \nType Botanical name
                \nClub moss – Lycopodium
                \nHorsetails – Equisetum
                \nQuill worts – Isoetes
                \nWater ferns – Salviniales
                \nTree ferns – Dryopteris<\/p>\n

                Question 12.
                \nWrite down Reimer’s classification of Pteridophytes.
                \nAnswer:
                \n5 subdivisions – 19 orders – 48 families<\/p>\n

                  \n
                1. Psilophytopsida<\/li>\n
                2. Psilotopsida<\/li>\n
                3. Lycopsida<\/li>\n
                4. Sphenopsida<\/li>\n
                5. Pteropsida<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                  Question 13.
                  \nWhat Is amber? Which group of plants produce amber?
                  \nAnswer:
                  \nAmber is a plant secretion that is an efficient preservative that doesn\u2019t get degraded and hence can preserve remains of extinct life forms. The amber is produced by Pinites succinifera, a Gymnosperm.<\/p>\n

                  \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                  Question 14.
                  \nWhat is meant by Siphonostele?
                  \nAnswer:
                  \nIn siphonostele, the xylem is surrounded by phloem with pith in the centre- eg. Marsilea. It includes ectophloic, siphonoslele, Amphiphloic-siphonoslele, soleonslete, eustele, Atactostele, and polycyclic stele thus altogether 6 types.<\/p>\n

                  Question 15.
                  \nWhat is Amber? Where have you noticed it?
                  \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                    \n
                  • In Spielberg’s Jurassic park-movie (A mosquito embedded in a transparent substance called amber is
                    \nmentioned)<\/li>\n
                  • Amber is thus a plant secretion, used as an efficient preservative, that doesn’t get degraded.<\/li>\n
                  • Pinites succinifera a Gymnosperm plant produces Amber.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                    Question 16.
                    \nWhat is the word Jurassic – denote?
                    \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                      \n
                    • ‘Jurassic’ is a specific period of the dinosaurs. It comes under the Mesozoic era.<\/li>\n
                    • Gymnosperms were also dominant in that period.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                      3 Marks<\/span><\/p>\n

                      Question 1.
                      \nGive the widely accepted outline classification for plants.
                      \nAnswer:
                      \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                      Question 2.
                      \nGive the total number of plant groups in the world and India.
                      \nAnswer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                      Total Number of plant groups in the world and India<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      N<\/td>\nNumber of known species<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      Plant group<\/td>\nWorld<\/td>\nIndia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      Algae<\/td>\n40000<\/td>\n7357<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      Bryophytes<\/td>\n16236<\/td>\n2748<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      Pteridophytes<\/td>\n12000<\/td>\n1289<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      Gymnosperms<\/td>\n1012<\/td>\n79<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                      Angiosperms<\/td>\n268600<\/td>\n18386<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                      \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                      Question 3.
                      \nName the 3 types of life cycles seen in plants?
                      \nAnswer:
                      \nThe 3 types of life cycles seen in the plant:<\/p>\n

                        \n
                      1. Haplontic life cycle<\/li>\n
                      2. Diplontic life cycle<\/li>\n
                      3. Haplodiplontic life cycle<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                        Question 4.
                        \nMore than half of the total productivity of the world is done by Marine Algae -Justify.
                        \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                          \n
                        • Yes two-third of earths surface is covered by oceans and seas.<\/li>\n
                        • Of this the photosynthetic plants called algae are the major primary producers Nearly 1\/2 of total productivity of the world is done by marine Algae. All other marine organisms depend upon them for the very existence.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                          Question 5.
                          \nClassify Algae according to F.E.Fritsch.
                          \nAnswer:
                          \nF.E. Fritsch in his the structure and reproduction of Algae (1935)-classified Algae into 11 classes.<\/p>\n

                            \n
                          1. Chlorophyceae<\/li>\n
                          2. Xanthophyceae<\/li>\n
                          3. Chrysophyceae<\/li>\n
                          4. \u00a0Bacillariophyceae<\/li>\n
                          5. Cryptophyceae<\/li>\n
                          6. Dinophyceae<\/li>\n
                          7. Chloromondineae<\/li>\n
                          8. Euglenophyceae<\/li>\n
                          9. Phaeophyceae<\/li>\n
                          10. Rhodophyceae<\/li>\n
                          11. Cyanophyceae<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                            \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                            Question 6.
                            \nWrite about Reproduction in Chlorophyceae.
                            \nAnswer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n
                            1.<\/td>\nVegetative Reproduction<\/td>\nFragmentation-E.g. spirogyra<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            2.<\/td>\nAsexual Reproduction<\/td>\nZoospores, Aplanospores, Akinetes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            3.<\/td>\nSexual Reproduction<\/td>\nIsogamous, Anisogamous, Oogamous<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                            Question 7.
                            \nWrite down the economic importance of Bryophyte?
                            \nAnswer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                            \n

                            Name of the Bryophyte<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                            		\n

                            Use<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                            Sphagnum<\/td>\nA large amount of dead thallus compressed & hardened to form-peat<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            Peat<\/td>\nNorthern Europe (Netherlands) peat is a commercial fuel.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            Sphagnumt peat<\/td>\nNitrates, brown dye, tanning materials are derived from the peat used in horticulture as packing material.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            Marechantia polymorpha<\/td>\nCure pulmonary tuberculosis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            Sphagnum, Bryum polytrichum<\/td>\nUsed as food<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            All bryophytes<\/td>\nFrom major role in soil formation through succession & help in soil conservation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                            Question 8.
                            \nList down the economic importance of Pteridophytes.
                            \nAnswer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                            \n

                            Pteridophyte<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                            		\n

                            Uses<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                            Rumohra adiantiformis(leather leaf fem)<\/td>\nCut flower arrangements<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            Marsilea<\/td>\nFood<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            Azolla<\/td>\nBiofertilizer<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            Dryopteris filix-mas<\/td>\nTreatment for tapeworm.<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            Pteris vittata<\/td>\nRemoval of heavy metals from soils-(Bioremediation)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            Pteridium sp.<\/td>\nLeaves yield a green dye<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            Equisetum sp.<\/td>\nStems for scouring<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                            Psilotum, Lycopodium, Selaginella, Angiopteris, Marattia<\/td>\nOrnamental plants<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                            Question 9.
                            \nName the three classes of Bryophytes, according to Proskauer.
                            \nAnswer:
                            \nThree Classes of Bryophytes, According to Proskauer:<\/p>\n

                              \n
                            1. Hepaticopsida<\/li>\n
                            2. Anthocerotopsida and<\/li>\n
                            3. Bryopsida.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n

                              \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                              Question 10.
                              \nList down the salient features of Angiosperm.
                              \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                                \n
                              • Vascular system – Xylem and Phloem well developed<\/li>\n
                              • Flowers are produced (instead of cones)<\/li>\n
                              • Ovules (embryosac and seeds) – remain enclosed in ovary\/fruit Pollen tube -Help in fertilization water no necessary<\/li>\n
                              • Double fertilization & triple fusion present is one of the unique features.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n

                                Question 11.
                                \nDifferentiate between Dicotyledons & Monocotyledons.
                                \nAnswer:
                                \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                                5 Marks<\/span><\/p>\n

                                Question 1.
                                \nClassify Algae on the basis of their habitats.
                                \nAnswer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                \n

                                S.no<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                		Habitat<\/td>\n\n

                                Name of Algae<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                                1.<\/td>\nAquatic \/ Marine<\/td>\nGracilaria & Sargassum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                2.<\/td>\nFreshwater<\/td>\nOedogonium & ulothrix<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                3.<\/td>\nSoil<\/td>\nFritschella & Vaucheria<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                4.<\/td>\nEndozoic life in (Hydra & sponges)<\/td>\nChlorella<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                5.<\/td>\nEpizoic (on the shells of mollusks)<\/td>\nCladophora crispata<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                6.<\/td>\nSalt pans – (Halophytic algae)<\/td>\nDunaliella salina<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                7.<\/td>\nGrowing in snow converted mountains – (Cryophytic)<\/td>\nChlamydomonas nivulis (give red colour to snow \/ red Snow)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                8.<\/td>\nEpiphytic on the surface of aquatic plants<\/td>\nColeochaete, Rhodymenia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                                Question 2.
                                \nGive an account of General Characteristics of Algae?
                                \nAnswer:
                                \nCriteria I<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                \n

                                Thallus Organization<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                		\n

                                Unicellular motile – Chlamydomonas<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                                <\/td>\nUnicellular non-motile – Chlorella<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                <\/td>\nColonial motile – Volvox<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                <\/td>\nColonial non-motile – Hydrodictyon<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                <\/td>\nSiphonous – Vaucheria<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                <\/td>\nFilamentous (unbranched)- Spirogyra<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                <\/td>\nFilamentous (branched) – Cladophora<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                <\/td>\nDiscoid – Coleochaete<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                <\/td>\nHeterotrichous – Frlschiella Sc macrocyslis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                <\/td>\nFoliaceous – Ulva<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                <\/td>\nGiant kelps – Laminaria, Macrocystis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                                Criteria II<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                \n

                                Eukaryotic Cell wall<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                		\n

                                Almost all except Blue-green alga (prokaryotic)<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                                Cellulose & Hemicelluloses<\/td>\nMost algae<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Siliceous walls<\/td>\nDiatoms<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Cell wall-encrusted with Calcium Carbonate<\/td>\nChara thallus<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Algin, Polysulphate<\/td>\n(Agar Agar)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Ester of Polysaccharide Carrageenin<\/td>\nGracillaria Chondrus crispus Gellidella<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                                Criteria III<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                Pigmentation Reserve food material & flagellation<\/td>\nA lot of difference exists<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Reproduction<\/td>\nVegetative Asexual & sexual<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Vegetative reproduction<\/td>\nFission, fragmentation budding, bulbils, akinetes, tubers etc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Asexual reproduction<\/td>\nZoo spores- ulolhrix Aplano spores- Vaucheria Auto spores- Chlorella Hypno spores – Chlamydomonas nivalis Tetra spores etc polysiphonia<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Sexual reproduction<\/td>\nIsogamy – ulothrix Anisogamy- Pandorina Oogamy- Sargassum<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                                \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                                Question 3.
                                \nGive an account of Phaeophyceae.
                                \nAnswer:
                                \n\"Samacheer
                                \nQuestion 4.
                                \nGive an account of Rhodophyceae (red algae) criteria.
                                \nAnswer:
                                \n\"Samacheer
                                \nQuestion 5.
                                \nEconomic importance of Algae.
                                \nAnswer:<\/p>\n

                                \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                                Question 6.
                                \nGeneral characteristic features of Bryophytes.
                                \nAnswer:
                                \n\"Samacheer
                                \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                                \"Samacheer<\/p>\n

                                Question 7.
                                \nWrite down differences between Gymnosperm & Angiosperm.
                                \nAnswer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                \n

                                Gymnosperms<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                		\n

                                Angiosperms<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                                Vessels are absent [except Gnetales]<\/td>\nVessels are present<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Phloem lacks companion cells<\/td>\nCompanion cells are present<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Ovules are naked<\/td>\nOvules are enclosed within the ovary<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Wind pollination only<\/td>\nInsects, wind, water, animals etc., act as pollinating agents<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Double fertilization is absent<\/td>\nDouble fertilization is present<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                The endosperm is haploid (Pre-Fertilisation)<\/td>\nThe endosperm is triploid (Post-Fertilisation)<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Fruit formation is absent<\/td>\nFruit formation is present<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                Flowers absent<\/td>\nFlowers present<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                                Question 8.
                                \nWrite down the Economic Importance of Gymnosperm.
                                \nAnswer:<\/p>\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n\n
                                \n

                                Plants<\/p>\n<\/td>\n

                                		Products<\/td>\n\n

                                Uses<\/p>\n<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n

                                1. Cycas circinalis, Cycas revolute<\/td>\nSago<\/td>\nStarch used as a food<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                2. Pinus gerardiana<\/td>\nRoasted seed<\/td>\nUsed as food<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                3. Abies balsamea<\/td>\nResin (Canada balsam)<\/td>\nUsed as a mounting medium in permanent slide preparation<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                4. Pinus insularis, Pinus roxburghii<\/td>\nRosin and Tupertine<\/td>\nPaper sizing and varnishes<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                5. Araucaria (monkey\u2019s puzzle), Picea and Phyllocladus<\/td>\nTannins<\/td>\nBark yield tannins and is used in leather industries<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                6. Taxus brevifolia<\/td>\nTaxol<\/td>\nDrug used for cancer treatment<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                7. Ephedra gerardiana<\/td>\nEphedrine<\/td>\nFor the treatment of asthma, bronchititis<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                8. Pinus roxburghii,<\/td>\nOleo resin<\/td>\nUsed to make soap, varnishes, and printing ink<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                9. Pinus roxburghii, Picea smithiana<\/td>\nWood pulp<\/td>\nUsed to make papers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                10. Cedrus deodara<\/td>\nWood<\/td>\nUsed to make doors, boats, and railway sleepers<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                11. Cedrus atlantica<\/td>\nOil<\/td>\nUsed in perfumery<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n
                                12. Thuja, Cupressus, Araucaria, & Cryptomeria<\/td>\nDecorative<\/td>\nOrnamental plants<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n

                                Question 9.
                                \nGive an account of Fossil plants.
                                \nAnswer:
                                \n\"Samacheer<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

                                Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Guide Pdf Chapter 2 Plant Kingdom Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes. Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Bio Botany Solutions Chapter 2 Plant Kingdom 11th Bio Botany Guide Plant Kingdom Text Book Back Questions and Answers Part-I Choose the Right Answer: Question 1. Which of …<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"spay_email":""},"categories":[6],"tags":[],"jetpack_featured_media_url":"","_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/samacheer-kalvi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34112"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/samacheer-kalvi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/samacheer-kalvi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/samacheer-kalvi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/samacheer-kalvi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=34112"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/samacheer-kalvi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34112\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":47604,"href":"https:\/\/samacheer-kalvi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/34112\/revisions\/47604"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/samacheer-kalvi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=34112"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/samacheer-kalvi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=34112"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/samacheer-kalvi.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=34112"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}