TN State Board 12th Computer Applications Important Questions Chapter 14 Open Source Concepts
Question 1.
What is open source software?
Answer:
Open source software is usually created and updated by many programmers around the world and made freely accessible.
Question 2.
What is proprietary software?
Answer:
Proprietary software is owned by an organisation or individual. The makers of proprietary software have not allowed the users or other developers to view or edit the source code.
Question 3.
What are we need, when there are more systems connected in networking?
Answer:
We need Network software, Analysis the server, system, protocol, network, traffic flow UPS and Network parts.
Question 4.
What is Freeware?
Answer:
Freeware usually refers to proprietary software that users can download at no cost, but whose source code cannot be changed.
Question 5.
What are communication tools?
Answer:
E-mail, real-time messaging, forums, and Wikis are communication tools.
Question 6.
Define network parameters.
Answer:
The network parameters define the state of the network like node placement, existing links and the events like data transmissions, link failures etc…
Question 7.
What is API?
Answer:
- API (Application Program Interface) is a pure event base software, tool with super simulation design.
- It has more models which help the user to get desired output easily.
Question 8.
List out some open source Handware.
Answer:
Some open source hardware are Remix, Remake, Remanufacture, Redistribute, Resell, Study and Learn etc… ill. Answer the following questions in brief.
Question 9.
Explain Ideals of Open Source Code.
Answer:
(i) Share the goal:
A broad group of contributors recognize the same need and agree on how to meet.
(ii) Share the work:
Projects are broken into smaller tasks, and a review process screens the best contributions.
(iii) Share the result:
Code should be available to all and improvements should be shared to all.
Question 10.
Write short note on goal for open NMS.
Answer:
- The goal is for open NMS to be an actually distributed, scalable management application platform for all features of the FCAPS,
- FCAPS means Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Performance, Security.
- The other goals is for open NMS for network management model, presently the emphasis is on Fault and Performance Management.
Question 11.
What are types of open NMS?
Answer:
There are two types, are Meridian and Horizon.
- When we need stability and long term support choose meridian which is best for Enterprises as well as business.
- Horizon used where innovation occurs frequently. It is best for IT- ecosystem new technologic monitoring.
Question 12.
Expand the following:
(a) NS2,
(b) NMS,
(c) OTCI,
(d) GNU,
(e) SSFN,
(f) API.
Answer:
(a) NS2 – Network Simulation Version 2.
(b) NMS – Network Management Software.
(c) OTCI – Object Oriented Tool Command Language.
(d) GNU – General Public License.
(e) SSFN – Scalable Simulation Framework Net Models.
(f) API – Application Program Interface.
Question 13.
Write the Open Source Code Principle.
Answer:
- Open source code enable to read code.
- We can see how its made.
- The freedom to run the program for any purpose.
- The freedom to redistribute copies.
- The freedom to improve the program.
Question 14.
Write the steps for open-source software criteria.
Answer:
- Redistribution software.
- Availability and integrity source.
- License must not restrict other software.
- Derived works.
- No discrimination against person.
Question 15.
What are the most popular licenses that allow programmers to modify the software?
According to the Black Duck knowledge base, a database of some two • million open source projects, five of the most popular licenses are:
- MIT license.
- GNU General Public License (GPL) 2.0
- Apache License 2.0
- GNU General Public License (GPL) 3.0
- BSD License 2.0 (3 – clause, New or Revised)
When you change the source code, OSS requires the inclusion of what you altered as well as your methods.
The software created after code modifications may or may not be made available for tree.
Question 16.
Describes Open source software and developers.
Answer:
Open source software projects are collaboration opportunities that improve skills and build connections in the field.
Areas that developers can work on include:
(i) Communication tools:
E-mail, real-time messaging, forums, and Wikis help developers to find solutions or bounce ideas off each other.
(ii) Distributed revision control systems:
When multiple developers in different geographical locations modify data and files, these systems manage the different versions and updates.
(iii) Bug trackers and task lists:
These features allow large-sale projects to monitor issues and keep track of their fixes.
(iv) Testing and debugging tools:
These features automate testing during system integration and debug other programs.
Question 17.
Explain the History of open source software.
Answer:
- The term “Open Source” was coined by Christine Peterson to describe free software.
- In early 1960’s any computer academy who develop a software shared its source code under the principle of open and co-operation.
Question 18.
What is meant by network simulator?
Answer:
- A network simulator is a software program that replicates the functioning of a computer network.
- In simulators, the computer network is typically demonstrated with devices, traffic etc., and the performance are evaluated.
Question 19.
What is trace file?
Answer:
(i) A significant output of simulation is the trace files.
(ii) Trace files can document every incident that happened in the simulation and are used for examination.
Question 20.
Write short notes on NS2.
Answer:
- NS2 (Network Simulator version 2) was considered explicitly for exploration in network communication and event-driven open-source simulator in computer.
- OTcl and C++ used to create and run NS2. NS2 works on windows and Linux platforms, that supports wired or wireless network.
Question 21.
Explain NRCFOSS.
Answer:
NRCFOSS (National Resource Centre for Free and Open Source Software) an Institution of Government of India. To help in development of FOSS in India.
Question 22.
Write short note on Open NMS.
Answer:
- Open NMS (Network Management System) is a free and open-source initiative grade network monitoring and management platform.
- Open NMS is the worlds first software for Network monitor and management with open source options.
Question 23.
What are the uses of Open Source Network Software?
Answer:
- Open Source Network Software give us more options to choose any type of software.
- Using open source Network software that shape our programming knowledge and skills.
- Using open source Network Software, where work with more people, so can know other views.
- Tell the errors and rectify it in quick time for using open source software.
Question 24.
Explain free software.
Answer:
- Free software is software that can be freely used, modified and redistributed with only one restriction any redistributed versions of the software must be distributed with the original terms of free use.
- The Free Software Directory maintains a large database of free software packages.
- Some of the best-known examples include the Linux Kemal, the BSD and Linux operating systems.
Question 25.
List out the Popular open source software.
Answer:
The popular open source software are NS2, Open NMS, Ubuntu, MySQL, PDF creator, Open Office, 7Zip, GNUCASH, GIMP, Blender, Audacity, VLC, Mozila Firefox, Magento etc…
Question 26.
Write note on open source hardware.
Answer:
- Open source hardware consists of physical artifacts of technology designed and offered by the open design movement.
- Open source hardware are created by this Open-source culture movement.
- FOSH (Free Open Source Hardware) is used mechanical drawings, schematics, bills of material, PCB layout data, HDL source code and integrated circuits.
- Programmable logic devices, sharing of logic designs has been a form of open-source hardware.
Question 27.
What are the main functional areas of Open NMS?
Answer:
Open NMS has three main functional areas:
- Service monitoring, where a number of monitor modules can govern if network – based services (ICMP, HTTP, DNS etc.,) are accessible.
- Data gathering by using SNMP and JMX.
- Event management and notifications, which comprises of alarm reduction and a robust announcement system with accelerations and duty schedules.
Question 28.
Explain types of organisation related to Open Source.
Answer:
Types of organisations related to open source are:
- Apache software foundation.
- The documents foundation.
- The Eclipse foundation.
- Free software foundation.
- Linux foundation.
- Open course ware consortium.
- Open source initiative.
Question 29.
Differentiate Proprietary and Open Source Software.
Answer:
| Proprietary |
Open Source Software |
| Proprietary software refers to the software which is solely owned by the individual or publisher who developed it. | Open Source refers to the software whose source code is available for anybody to access and modify. |
| Proprietary software is owned by an organization. | Open Source Software or code is shared freely. |
| Traditionally, the makers of proprietary software have not allowed the users. | Open Source Software is usually created and updated by many programmers around the world and made freely accessible. |
| Browser – Internet Explorer | Browser – Mozilla Firefox |
An example of proprietary operating system is windows. An example of open source operating system is Linux.
Office suit – Microsoft office Office suit – Open Office
Web CMS – Dot Net Nuke Web CMS – Drupal
Question 30.
List out the Benefits of Open Source Software.
Answer:
- Give us more options to choose software.
- Full access there is no restrictions.
- Share our ideas and codes with all.
- Shape our programming knowledge.
- Work with more people, so can know others views.
- Tell the errors and rectify it in quick time.
- Make necessary change as per our software needs.
- User friendly.
- Remote management.
- Mobile view.
Question 31.
Explain various Open Source License.
Answer:
- Apache License 2.0
- BSD 2-clause “Simplified” or “Free BSD” license.
- GNU General Public License (GPL)
- GNU Library or “Lesser” General Public License (LGPL).
- MIT License
- Mozilla public License 2.0
- Common Development and Distribution License.
- Eclipse Public License.
Question 32.
Mention open source software and free software names that not explain in this chapter.
Answer:
Important open source software:
Free BSD, Drupal, Postgre SQL, Torch, Putty, NETcore, Vagarant, Open KM, Flight path, ak, Miranda IM, Taiga, Rudder, Dragon fly, Koders, Apertium, Ekiga, FreePBX, FreeSWITCH, Sim, Ring, Tox, Appachecocoon, HTTP File Server, Atutor, eFront, Moodle, OLAT, Omeka, SWAD, Pencil 2D, OpenFX, F-SPOT, Blender, Dscaler, Natron, F-spot, MEncoder and many more open source software available in the internet.
Freeware:
Skype, Micro Video Converter, Mozilla thunderbird, Quicksilver, Colibri, SpyBot, Fressbooks, RSSOWL, Vienna Cabos, Miro, Mplayer, CDBumer, Yami, Handbrake, LibreOffice, Abiword, Picasa Test, GIMP, Seashore, iTunes, GoogleEarth, Audacity, SmartFTP, Filezilla, NoteTablight, Bitcoin, mIRC, KVIrc, Colloquy and many more Freesoftware available in the internet.
Question 33.
Mention Software that are accounts related.
Answer:
Tally ERP9, Profit books, Busy Accounting software, Marg Accounting Software, Saral Accounting software, Zoho Books, MProfit, Quickbooks, Freshbooks, Gnucash, wave, Wings Accounting, Xero, Billing 360, LOGIC Account, Giddh, Alignbooks, Zipbooks, Integra Trade Plus, Reach, ANU Retail, Graveinvoice, Accounting Guru, Beyond square Financial Management System, Wave Accounting, Fraxinus Book ERP, Focus, Kount. Accounting, Express Accounts and many more Accounts softwares available in the internet.
Question 34.
Mention open source developing and maintaining companies.
Answer:
Open sources developing and maintaining companies play a major role in the open source software that powers today’s business.
(i) Adobe: It has a strong commitment to open source.
Headquarters: San Jose, Calif.
(ii) Automatic: WordPress open source project is how handled by this foundation.
Headquarters: San Francisco, Calif.
(iii) Canonical: This is the company behind ubuntu, one of the most popular Linux distributions on the planet.
Headquarters: London, UK
(iv) Chef: Chef is the name of both an open source system integration frame work.
Headquarters: Seattle, Wash.
(v) Cloud Bees: Cloud Bees is the company behind Jenkins.
Head quarters: San Jose, Calif.
(vi) Confluent: A major role in the big dataspace.
Head quarters: Palo Alto, Calif.
(vii) Databrick: Databricks is the company that popular big data streaming project.
Head quarters: San Francisco, Calif.
(viii) Data Stax: Data stax offers a commercially supported NoSQL database.
Head quarters: Santa clara, Calif.
(ix) Docker: Docker contain erization technology has emerged as one of the most open source projects.
Head quarters: San Francisco, Calif.
(x) Elastic: Best open source Elastic search projects.
Head quarters: Mountain view, Calif.
Facebook, Github, Google, Gradle, Hashi-corp, Horton works, Huawei, IBM, Intel Linkedin, Microsoft, MongoDB, Netflix, Nginx, NPM, Puppet, Red Hat, Redis Labs, Sauce Labs, Suse, Twitter etc., are the most common open source developing and maintaining companies.
Choose the correct answer:
Question 1.
Which software is owned by an organisation or individual?
(a) Free Software
(b) Open Source
(c) Proprietary
(d) All of these
Answer:
(c) Proprietary
Question 2.
Which software is used to control when there are more systems are connected?
(a) Free software
(b) Open source
(c) Proprietary
(d) Network Software
Answer:
(d) Network Software
Question 3.
Expansion of OSI:
(a) Open Source Initiative
(b) Open Source Integration
(c) Open Source Internet
(d) Open Source Interconnecting
Answer:
(a) Open Source Initiative
Question 4.
When was founded by open source initiative?
(a) 1996
(b) 1997
(c) 1998
(d) 1999
Answer:
(c) 1998
Question 5.
Who is defined by four conditions, as outlined by the non profit free software foundation?
(a) Richard Stallman
(b) Balog
(c) Matt Brozowski
(d) David Hustace
Answer:
(a) Richard Stallman
Question 6.
Which is refers to proprietary software that can download no cost but source code cannot be changed?
(a) Open source
(b) Freeware
(c) Firmware
(d) All of these
Answer:
(b) Freeware
Question 7.
Which was considered explicitly for exploration in network communication?
(a) NS2
(b) C++
(c) OPNET
(d) SSFNet
Answer:
(a) NS2
Question 8.
Expand FCAPS:
(a) Fault Configuration Accounting Performance Security
(b) Feature Configuration Accounting Performance Security
(c) Fault Configuration Access Performance Security
(d) Feature Configuration Access Performance Service
Answer:
(a) Fault Configuration Accounting Performance Security
Question 9.
Which is the worlds first software for network monitor and management with open source options?
(a) C++
(b) Open NMS
(c) OPNET
(d) NS2
Answer:
(b) Open NMS
Question 10.
Which is best for IT-ecosystem for new technologic monitoring?
(a) Meridian
(b) Horizon
(c) GIMP
(d) VLC
Answer:
(b) Horizon
Question 11.
How many main functional areas in Open NMS?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4
(d) 5
Answer:
(b) 3
Question 12.
Which of the following software is used without any payment?
(a) Firmware
(b) Open source
(c) Freeware
(d) Network software
Answer:
(c) Freeware
Question 13.
Which one of the following is open source hardware?
(a) NS2
(b) Open NMS
(c) MySQL
(d) Remake
Answer:
(d) Remake
Question 14.
Which one of the following is object-oriented tool command language?
(a) C++
(b) OTCL
(c) NMS
(d) NS2
Answer:
(b) OTCL
Question 15.
Which of the following is the most famous example of open source software?
(a) UNIX
(b) Mac OS X
(c) Linux
(d) Windows
Answer:
(c) Linux
Question 16.
Match the following:
| (A) NS2 | (i) Network object |
| (B) Routers | (ii) Open Source Software |
| (C) MS Office | (iii) Interface |
| (D) API | (iv) Network monitoring |
(a) (A) – (iv); (B) – (iii); (C) – (ii); (D) – (i)
(b) (A) – (iv); (B) – (ii); (C) – (i); (D) – (iii)
(c) (A) – (ii); (B) – (i); (C) – (iv); (D) – (iii)
(d) (A) – (ii); (B) – (iii); (C) – (iv); (D) – (i)
Answer:
(c) (A) – (ii); (B) – (i); (C) – (iv); (D) – (iii)
Question 17.
Choose the incorrect pair.
(a) proprietary – Freeware
(b) debug – errors
(c) MsOffice – Open source
(d) Simulator – Software
Answer:
(c) MsOffice – Open source
Question 18.
Choose the correct pair.
(a) OTC1 – Spreadsheet
(b) GNU – Network
(c) OpenNMS – Balog
(d) DNS – Application
Answer:
(c) OpenNMS – Balog
Question 19.
Choose the incorrect statement.
(a) open source code enable to read code.
(b) open source code is the freedom to run the program for any purpose.
(c) open source code is freedom but does not improve the program.
(d) open source code is freedom to redistribute copies.
Answer:
(c) open source code is freedom but does not improve the program.
Question 20:
Choose the correct statement.
(a) open source software is no option to choose.
(b) open source software, there is restrictions.
(c) open source software, make necessary change as per our software needs.
(d) open source software do not share our ideas and codes with all.
Answer:
(c) open source software, make necessary change as per our software needs.
Question 21.
Assertion (A):
A network simulator is a software program that replicates the functioning of a network.
Reason (R):
Open source hardware helps us to understand and remove the unwanted harmful parts.
(a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation for A.
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation for A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Answer:
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation for A.
Question 22.
Assertion (A):
Open NMS is a free and open-source initiative grade network monitoring and management platform.
Reason (R):
It is established and maintained by a community of users, developers and by the open NMS Group, it offering services, training and support.
(a) Both, A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation for A
(b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation for A.
(c) A is true, but R is false.
(d) A is false, but R is true.
Answer:
(a) Both, A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation for A
Question 23.
Pick the odd one out:
(a) NS2
(b) Ubuntu
(c) Open Office
(d) MS Office
Answer:
(d) MS Office
Question 24.
Pick the odd one out:
(a) 7zip
(b) ICMP
(c) HTTP
(d) DNS
Answer:
(a) 7zip
Question 25.
Pick the odd one out:
(a) Remix
(b) Remake
(c) Freeware
(d) Resell
Answer:
(c) Freeware
Question 26.
If the source code of a software is freely accessible by the public, then it is known as:
(a) Freeware
(b) Firmware
(c) Open source
(d) Public source
Answer:
(a) Freeware
Question 27.
Which of the following is a software program that replicates the functioning of a computer network?
(a) Network software
(b) Network simulation
(c) Network testing
(d) Network calculator
Answer:
(b) Network simulation
Question 28.
Which of the following can document every incident that happened in the ‘ simulation and are used for examination?
(a) Net Exam
(b) Network hardware
(c) Trace file
(d) Net document
Answer:
(c) Trace file
Question 29.
Which is an example of network simulator?
(a) simulator
(b) TCL
(c) NS2
(d) C++
Answer:
(c) NS2
Question 30.
Fill in the blanks : NS2 comprises of key languages?
(a) 13
(b) 3
(c) 2
(d) 4
Answer:
(c) 2
Question 31.
Choose the Correct Pair from the following to build NS2:
(a) UNIX & TCL
(b) UNIX & a. C++
(c) C++ & OTcl
(d) C++ & NS2
Answer:
(c) C++ & OTcl
Question 32.
Which of the following is not a network simulation software?
(a) NS2
(b) OPNET
(c) SSFNet
(d) C++
Answer:
(d) C++
Question 33.
Which of the following is a open source network monitoring software?
(a) C++
(b) OPNET
(c) Open NMS
(d) OMNet++
Answer:
(c) Open NMS
Question 34.
Open NMS was released in:
(a) 1999
(b) 2000
(c) 2003
(d) 2004
Answer:
(a) 1999
Question 35.
Open NMS Group was created by:
(a) Balog
(b) Matt Brozowski
(c) David Hustace
(d) All of them
Answer:
(a) Balog