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amilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 4th English Guide Pdf Term 3 Supplementary Chapter 1 The Mistaken Plate Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 4th English Solutions Term 3 Supplementary Chapter 1 The Mistaken Plate

4th English Guide The Mistaken Plate Book Back Questions and Answers

A. Choose the correct answer.

Question 1.
The merchants sold things made of ____________
(a) Gold
(b) Silver
(c) Brass
Ans:
(c) Brass

Question 2.
The grandmother had kept the plate in memory of her ____________.
(a) Son
(b) Husband
(c) Daughter
Answer:
(b) Husband

Question 3.
In real the plate was made of ____________.
(a) Gold
(b) Silver
(c) Brass
Answer:
(a) Gold

Question 4.
The merchant paid ____________ to the boatman.
(a) Ten rupees
(b) Eight rupees
(c) Three gold coins
Answer:
(b) Eight rupees

Question 5.
Secondly the greedy merchant is ready to offer ____________.
(a) Ten rupees
(b) Twenty rupees
(c) Horse
Answer:
(a) Ten rupees

B. Whose words are these? Name the character.

Question 1.
“Utensils made of brass and tin for sale!” ____________
Answer:
The merchants

Question 2.
“I am not rich enough to buy this plate. This is a gold plate.”___________
Answer:
The good merchant

Question 3.
“We do not have money to buy anything.” ___________
Answer:
Grandmother

C. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Who lived in the old house?
Answer:
A woman and her granddaughter lived in the old house.

Question 2.
Why did the greedy merchant get angry?
Answer:
The greedy merchant pretended to be angry to make grandma and her granddaughter to believe that the gold plate was worthless. He wanted to
get it from them very cheaply.

Question 3.
Name the things that good merchant offered for the plate.
Answer:
The good merchant offered all his money, his donkey, his cart and his wares.

Question 4.
What will you do if you have a gold plate?
Answer:
If I have a gold plate, I will not sell it to anybody. I will keep it as a memory of my ancestors.

I. Fill in the blanks.

Question 1.
The second merchant was ___________ as he tried to pay as less as possible.
Answer:
Greedy

Question 2.
The grandmother had kept the plate in memory of her ___________.
Answer:
Husband

Question 3.
The man took the plate and scratched it with a ___________.
Answer:
Needle

Question 4.
The other merchant threw this plate on the ____________.
Answer:
Ground

Question 5.
He only kept eight rupees for the ___________ home.
Answer:
Ferry

II. Write true on false.

Question 1.
The merchant sold things made of copper and tin.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
The girl asked, “Will you take this plate and give any of your fruits?”.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
He threw the plate on the ground and walked away.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
The little girl took some dishes of her choice but, the merchant was not happy.
Answer:
True

III. Identify the character / speaker.

Question 1.
“We can get something we can use.
Answer:
The granddaughter

Question 2.
“What is it worth? Not even one rupee”.
Answer:
The greedy merchant

Question 3.
“I have nothing else to offer.”
Answer:
The grandmother

Question 4.
“Grandma, that merchant was angry”.
Answer:
The little girl

Question 5.
“I do not know why he did that.”
Answer:
The good merchant

IV. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What did the merchant sell and buy?
Answer:
The merchant sold things made of brass and tin. He bought things made of different metals to melt and use.

Question 2.
Where did the merchants travel to sell?
Answer:
The merchants travelled across the rivers and mountains, and the streets of the town to sell.

Question 3.
What do you know about the woman and her granddaughter?
Answer:
The woman and her granddaughter lived in an old house. They were once wealthy but now lived in poverty. They just had a plate as a memory of their wealth.

Question 4.
Without money, how did the granddaughter want to trade with the merchant?
Answer:
The granddaughter did not have money but she had an old plate that she did not use. She wanted to give the plate to the merchant and get from him some utensils to use.

Question 5.
How did the merchant find that it was a golden plate?
Answer:
The merchant took the plate and scratched it with a needle and found that it was a gold plate.

Question 6.
Why did the good merchant give all he had to the little girl?
Answer:
The good merchant knew that the gold plate was more valuable than all the things he had. He did not want to cheat the woman and the little girl. So he gave everything he had, for the gold plate.

Question 7.
Why did the greedy merchant throw the plate the first time knowing that it was gold?
Answer:
The greedy merchant wanted to deceive the woman and the little girl. So he told them that the plate was worthless. He wanted to come again and take the plate for a cheap price by cheating them. Hence, he threw it the first time.

Question 8.
Why did the good merchant keep back eight rupees?
Answer:
The good merchant kept back eight rupees with him to pay for the boatman to take him back home across the river.

Let us read aloud

Read the passage and colour one bag each time you read.

There lived a poor but an honest farmer in a village. He supported himself, his wife and seven children using his small piece of land. One day while he was walking in his field, he found a bag of gold. He took it home and showed it to his wife. His wife told him to keep some of the gold. He told his wife that honesty is the best policy. He tried to find the person who lost it. At last, he found that the owner of the bag and gave it back. The rich man took the bag and thanked him.

Read the above passage carefully and answer for the following questions.

Question 1.
What did the farmer find in the field?
(a) A bag full of gold
(b) A bag full of money
Answer:
(a) A bag full of gold

Question 2.
What is the main idea of the story?
(a) Farmer
(b) Honesty
Answer:
(b) honesty

I. What will Glory say? Do you think you can help Glory by giving some ideas to Ravi?

Question 1.
Glory : You can write a story about the _________ and the ________
Ravi : Great idea! Thank you!
Glory : _____________________ Ravi.
Answer:
Glory : You can write a story about the dog and the bone.
Ravi : Great idea! Thank you!
Glory : You are welcome Ravi.

Can we try to complete another dialogue now?

Rathi is visiting a shop to buy a pen. Let us try and complete the dialogues between her and the shopkeeper.

Question 1.
Rathi : Hi Akka!
Shopkeeper : Hi! How can I help?
Rathi : I need a ______________
Shopkeeper : Sure. Which colour?
Rathi : Give a ___________________ pen.
Shopkeeper : Do you need a ten rupee pen or a five rupee pen?
Rathi : Give me the ten rupee pen.
Shopkeeper : Do you want anything else?
Rathi : ____________________
Shopkeeper : Thank you. Goodbye.
Rathi. : __________________
Answer:
Rathi : Hi Akka!
Shopkeeper : Hi! How can I help?
Rathi : I need a pen.
Shopkeeper : Sure. Which colour?
Rathi : Give a gold colour pen.
Shopkeeper : Do you need a ten rupee pen or a five rupee pen?
Rathi : Give me the ten rupee pen.
Shopkeeper : Do you want anything else?
Rathi : No. Thank you!
Shopkeeper : Thank you. Goodbye.
Rathi. : Welcome.

Additional Questions and Answers.

One more dialogue

Question 1.
Write a dialogue between a teacher and a student who had not done his homework.
Answer:
Teacher : Students, all of you submit your homework note.
Student : Madam, can I submit it tomorrow?
Teacher : Why are you not submitting it now?
Student : I did not bring my book today.
Teacher : Did you do the homework?
Student : No, madam.
Teacher : Why?
Student : I did not understand the sum.
Teacher : Its ok . Bring your book tomorrow. I will teach the sum once again and clear your doubt.
Student : Thank you so much madam. I will do.

I can do

A. Choose the word with same meaning.

Question 1.
Foothills ___________
(a) Mountain
(b) Small
(c) Low hill at base
Answer:
(c) Low hill at base

Question 2.
Kingdom ____________
(a) Country
(b) Field
(c) Land
Answer:
(a) Country

B. Tick (✓) the correct one.

Question 1.

Answer:

Chatter

Question 2.

Answer:

Trumpet

Question 3.

Answer:

Crow

C. Name the animal and sound it makes.

Question 1.

Answer:

1. A dog
2. Bark

Question 2.

Answer:

1. Snake
2. Hiss

Question 3.

Answer:

1. A lion
2. Roar

D. Match the rhyming words.

Question 1.
Say – fall
Answer:
Say – day

Question 2.
Go – day
Answer:
Go – grow

Question 3.
All – grow
Answer:
All – fall

E. Fill in the blanks with a, an, the.

Question 1.

_______ Himalayas
Answer:
The

Question 2.

______ Vaigai
Answer:
The

Question 3.

______ old man
Answer:
An

Question 4.

______ sun
Answer:
The

The Mistaken Plate Summary in English and Tamil

Once upon a time, there lived a merchant who sold things made of brass and tin. He used to travel across the rivers and mountains to sell. He usually travelled with another merchant, who also sold things made of brass and tin. They also used to buy things made of different metals to melt and use. The second merchant was always greedy as he tried to pay as less as possible.

ஒரு காலத்தில் பித்தளை மற்றும் தகரத்தில் ஆன பொருட்களை விற்பனை செய்யும் ஒரு வியாபாரிவசித்து வந்தார். அவர் மலைகளையும், நதிகளையும் மற்றொரு வியாபாரியுடன் கடந்து சென்று பயணித்து, பொருட்களை விற்று வந்தார். பல உலோகங்களால் செய்யப்பட்டவைகளையும் வாங்கி, உருக்கி, அவர்கள் உபயோகித்து வந்தனர். இதில், அந்த இரண்டாவதுவியாபாரி எப்போதும் பேராசை கொண்டவராகவும், எதையு குறைந்தவிலைக்கேவாங்கமுயலுபவராகவுமஇருந்தார்.

One day, when they went to a town, they divided the streets of the town. They did not want to disturb each other while selling. They moved through the streets they had chosen and called, “Utensils made of brass and tin for sale!”

ஒரு நாள் அவர்கள் ஒரு நகரத்திற்கு செல்கையில், தாங்கதாங்கள் வியாபாரம் செய்வதற்கான தெருக்களைபிரித்துக்கொண்டு, ஒருவர் பணியில் மற்றவர் “குறுக்கிடாமல் “பித்தளை, தகர பாத்திரங்கள் விற்பனைக்கு” என கூவிக்கொண்டே சென்றனர்.

In an old house, there lived a woman and her grand daughter. They were once a wealthy family but now lived in poverty. They only had one plate left as a memory of their wealth. The grandmother had kept the plate in memory of her husband.

தன் பேத்தியுடன், ஒரு கிழவி ஒரு பழைய வீட்டில் வசித்து வந்தார். செல்வ வளம் மிக்க குடும்பத்தினராய் ஒரு காலத்தில் இருந்த அவர்கள், தற்சமயம் வறுமையில் வாடினர். தங்கள் பழைய கால ஞாபகமாக அவர்களிடம் ஒரே ஒரு தட்டு மட்டும் இருந்தது. தன் கணவரின் ஞாபகமாக அந்த தட்டை கிழவி வைத்திருந்தார்.

The greedy merchant passed this house saying, “Utensils made of brass and tin for sale!”.

பேராசை குணம் கொண்ட வியாபாரி, அந்த வீட்டை கடக்கும் பொழுது “பித்தளை, தகர பாத்திரங்கள்விற்பனைக்கு” என கூவிக்கொண்டே சென்றார்.

The granddaughter heard him and said to her grand mother, “Ammama, please buy something for me.”

“அம்மம்மா! எனக்கு ஏதாவது வாங்கித் தாருங்கள்” என பேத்தி தன் பாட்டியிடம் கேட்டாள்.

She replied, “Kanna, we do not have money to buy anything. We do not have anything to trade with.” The grand daughter said, “We have that one old plate that we don’t use. Let’s see what the merchant will offer for it. we can get something we can use.”,

“நம்மிடம் கொடுத்து வாங்க பணமும், மாற்றிக்கொள்ள பொருளும் இல்லையே!” என பாட்டி, பேத்தியிடம் கூறினார். அதற்கு பேத்தி, “நாம் உபயோகப்படுத்தாத ஒரு பழைய தட்டு உள்ளதே, அதற்கு வியாபாரி என்ன தருகிறார் என கேட்போம். அதற்கு பதிலாக, நம் உபயோகத்திற்கேற்ற பொருளை பெற்றுக்கொள்வோம்” என்றாள்.

Ammama called the merchant and showed him the plate. She asked, “Will you take this plate and aive any of your utensils?” The man took the plate and scratched it with a needle. He found that it was a golden plate. He said, “What is it worth? Not even one rupee.” He threw the plate on the ground and walked away.

அம்மம்மா (பாட்டி அந்த வியாபாரியை அழைத்து அவரிடம் அந்த தட்டைக் காட்டி “இதை எடுத்துக் கொண்டு, உன்னிடமுள்ள ஏதாவது பாத்திரங்களை பொருளை) தருகிறாயா?” என்று கேட்டார். அந்த வியாபாரி தட்டை எடுத்து அதை ஓர் ஊசியினால் கீறிப் பார்த்தான். அது தங்கத்தால் ஆனது என புரிந்துகொண்டான். (ஆயினும்) “இது ஒரு ரூபாய்க்கு கூடத் தேறாது” என கூறி அதை தரையில் வீசிவிட்டு சென்று விட்டான்.

Both the merchants completed their streets. They had decided that either of them could go to any house that the other did not sell in. The first merchant passed the same old house and called, “Utensils made of brass and tin for sale!”.

தெருக்களில் தங்கள் வியாபாரம் முடிந்ததும், வியாபாரிகள் இருவரும் ஒருவருக்கொருவர்பேசிக்கொண்டு, மற்றவர் சென்று விற்க முடியாத ஏதாவது ஒரு வீட்டிற்கு சென்று, வியாபாரம் செய்ய எண்ணினர். அதன்படி, முதல் வியாபாரி, (பேராசை கொண்ட) இரண்டாவது வியாபாரி சென்ற அதே வீட்டிற்கு சென்று “பித்தளை, தகர பாத்திரங்கள்விற்பனைக்கு” என கூவினான்.

The little girl again asked her Ammama to check. She said “Kanna the first merchant threw the plate and went away. I have nothing else to offer.” The girl replied, “Grandma, that merchant was angry. This merchant looks nice. Maybe we will get something.”

அந்த சிறுமி மறுபடியும் தன் பாட்டியிடம் அந்த வியாபாரியை அழைத்து கேட்கச் சொன்னாள். அவளது பாட்டியோ, “கண்ணா , முதல் வியாபாரி அந்த தட்டை தூக்கி எறிந்துவிட்டு சென்றான். வேறு எதுவும் என்னிடம் இல்லையே?,” என்றார். அதற்கு அந்த சிறுமி, தன் பாட்டியிடம் “பாட்டி, முதலில் வந்த அந்த வியாபாரி கோபக்காரர். இந்த வியாபாரி நல்லவராக தோன்றுகிறார். இவரிடம் நமக்கு ஏதாவது கிடைக்கும்” என்று கூறினாள்.

Ammama asked the girl to call the merchant and show the plate. The merchant took the plate in his hands and found that it was made of gold. He said, “I am not rich enough to buy this plate. This is a gold plate.” Ammama said, “Are you sure? This is gold? The other merchant threw this on the and ground went away.”

அம்மம்மா (பாட்டி தன் பேத்தியிடம் கூறி அந்த காட்டினார். அதை தன் கைகளில் வாங்கிய வியாபாரி, அதை சோதித்து அது தங்கத்தால் ஆனது என தெரிந்து’ கொண்டார். “இதை வாங்கும் அளவிற்கு நான் பணக்காரனில்லை. இது தங்க தட்டாகும்” என்றார். அம்மம்மா அந்த வியாபாரியிடம் “இது உண்மையிலேயே தங்க தட்டு என்கிறீர்களா? அந்த வியாபாரி இதை தரையில் வீசிவிட்டு சென்றாரே?” என்று கேட்டார்.

The merchant said, “I do not know why he did that. If you wish to sell it take all the dishes you want.”The little girl took some dishes of her choice but, the merchant was not happy. So, he gave all his money, his donkey, his cart and his wares to Ammama. He only kept eight rupees for the ferry home.

அதற்கு அந்த வியாபாரி “அவர் ஏன் அவ்வாறு செய்தார் என எனக்கு தெரியாது. நீங்கள் விரும்பினால்இந்த தட்டை எனக்கு விற்று உங்களுக்கு தேவையான அனைத்து (பித்தளை / தகர) பாத்திரங்களையும் எடுத்துக் கொள்ளுங்கள்” என்றார். அந்த சிறுமியும் சிலb பாத்திரங்களைஎடுத்துக்கொண்டாள். இதில் அந்த வியாபாரிக்கு திருப்தி ஏற்படவில்லை . எனவே, அவர், தான் வீடு சென்று சேர்வதற்கு படகில் செல்ல தேவையான எட்டு ரூபாயை மட்டும் வைத்துக்கொண்டு தன்னிடமிருந்த பணம்,கழுதை, வண்டி மற்றும் பாத்திரங்கள் அனைத்தையும் அம்மம்மாவிடம் கொடுத்துவிட்டார். –

He quickly went towards the river. He paid the eight rupees to the boatman to take him across the river. Soon, the greedy merchant went back to the old house. He called the girl and said, “I’ve changed my mind. I will give you ten rupees for it.” Ammama said, “You considered the plate worthless, but another merchant has paid a huge price for it and took it.”

பிறகு, அவர் (தட்டை பெற்றுக்கொண்டு உடனே நதிக்கு சென்று படகோட்டியிடம் எட்டு ரூபாயைக்கொடுத்துவிட்டு, நதியின் மறுகரையில் கடந்து சென்று தன்னைவிட்டு விடும்படி கூறினார். அதற்கு சற்று நேராநேரத்திற்குள், அந்த பேராசைக்கார வியாபாரி பழைய வீட்டிற்கு சென்றார். அந்த சிறுமியை அவர் அழைத்து “நான் என் மனதை மாற்றிக் கொண்டேன். உனக்கு நான் பத்து ரூபாய் தருகிறேன் (தட்டுக்காக)” என்றுகூறினார். “நீங்கள் – அந்த தட்டுக்கு ஒரு மதிப்புமில்லை என்கிறீர்கள். ஆனால், மற்றொருவர் அதற்குபெரும்தொகை கொடுத்து பெற்றுச் சென்றுவிட்டார்” என்றார் அம்மம்மா.

The Mistaken Plate Glossary

Considered – thought about
Decided – determined
Disturb – trouble
Greedy – having an intense and selfish desire for wealth
Huge – enormous
Memory – something remembered from the past
Poverty – the state of being extremely poor
Scratched – rubbed
Utensils – vessels commonly used in a kitchen
Wares – goods
Worth – value

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Guide Pdf Poem 3 All The World’s A Stage Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Poem 3 All The World’s A Stage

12th English Guide All The World’s A Stage Text Book Back Questions and Answers

Textual Questions:

1. Fill in the blanks using the words given in the box to complete the summary of the poem:
(Text Book Page No. 91)

Shakespeare considers the whole world a stage where men and women are only (1)________. They (2) ________ the stage when they are born and exit when they die. Every man, during his lifetime, plays seven roles based on age. In the first act, as an infant, he is wholly (3) ______on the mother or a nurse. Later, emerging as a schoolchild, he slings his bag over his shoulder and creeps most (4)________ to school. His next act is that of a lover, busy (5) ______ballads for his beloved and yearns for her (6)________. In the fourth stage, he is aggressive and ambitious and seeks (7) ______in all that he does. He (8)________ solemnly to guard his country and becomes a soldier. As he grows older, with (9) _____and wisdom, he becomes a fair judge. During this stage, he is firm, and (10)________. In the sixth act, he is seen with loose pantaloons and spectacles. His manly voice changes into a childish (11)________. The last scene of all is his
second childhood. Slowly, he loses his (12) ______of sight, hearing, smell, and taste and exits from the role of life.

Answer:

1. actors
2. enter
3. dependent
4. reluctantly
5. composing
6. attention
7. reputation
8. promises
9. maturity
10. serious
11. treble
12. faculties

2. From your understanding of the poem, answer the following questions briefly in a sentence or two:
(Text Book Page No. 91)

Question a.
What is the world compared to?
Answer:
The world is compared to a stage.

Question b.
“And they have their exits and their entrances” – What do the words ‘exits’ and ‘entrances’ mean?
Answer:
The word ‘exits’ means death. ‘entrances’ means birth.

Question c.
What is the first stage of a human’s life?
Answer:
The first stage of human life is “infant”. The babe on the nurse’s arms pukes and mewls.

Question d.
Describe the second stage of life as depicted by Shakespeare.
Answer:
The second stage of life is a schoolchild, who is unwilling to go to school.

Question e.
How does a man play a lover’s role7
Answer:
As a lover, a man sings serenades seeking the attention of his lady love.

Question f.
Bring out the features of the fourth stage of a man as described by the poet.
Answer:
The fourth stage portrays the man as a soldier. He is aggressive and ambitious and seeks a (bubble) a short-lived reputation in all that he does. This is perhaps the toughest stage in his life.

Question g.
When does a man become a judge? How?
Answer:
As a man grows older with maturity and wisdom, he becomes a fair judge. He turns into justice, the one who knows what is good and what is right. At this stage, he is perhaps the best person to approach to find out who is correct and who is wrong.

Question h.
Which stage of man’s life is associated with the ‘shrunk shank’?
Answer:
In the sixth stage, the man becomes thin and weak. His fashionable dresses of youthful days have now become too lose to use for his shrunk shank (i.e.) legs that have become very lean with age.

Question i.
Why is the last stage called a second childhood?
Answer:
When he enters old age, he turns into a child again. Slowly, he loses his teeth, his eyesight, the taste in his mouth, and the love or greed for everything that he once wanted in his life.

Question j.
Why is the last stage called a second childhood?
Answer:
The last stage is called the second childhood. The old man slowly loses all his senses. He requires the support of a nurse or wife to do anything. In this stage, he departs from the world.

3. Explain the following lines briefly with reference to the context: (Text Book Page No. 92)

a) “They have their exits and their entrances;
And one man in his time plays many parts,”

Reference:
These lines are taken from Poem – “All the World’s a Stage”, Poet – “William Shakespeare”.
Context:
The poet tells about the ‘birth’ and ‘death’ of a man.
Explanation:
All the people take birth and then die after a certain period of time. When a man enters the world he has to undergo seven different stages. He has to play different roles. Season as a brother, father, husband, a fighter for the nation, etc. Finally, he exits from the roles of his life.

b) “Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel,
Seeking the bubble reputation”.

Reference:
These lines are taken from Poem – “All the World’s a Stage”, Poet – “William Shakespeare”.
Context:
Here, the poet explains the behaviour of a man in the 4t stage.
Explanation:
Here he is aggressive and ambitious. This stage portrays the man as a soldier. He takes an oath to protect his country. He quarrels, but he also maintains his dignity to create and develop his short-lived reputation.

c) “Is second childishness and mere oblivion;
Sans teeth, sans eyes, sans taste, sans everything.”

Reference:
These lines are taken from Poem – “All the World’s a Stage”, Poet – “William Shakespeare”.
Context:
The poet brings out the inability of man in his last stage.
Explanation:
When the man enters old age. He turns into a child again. He loses his teeth, his eyesight, the taste, and the love or greed for everything that he once wanted in his life.

4. Read the poem once again carefully and identify the figure of speech that has been used in each of the following lines from the poem. (Text Book Page No. 92)

5. Read the poem once again carefully and identify the figure of speech that has been used in each of the following lines from the poem. (Text Book Page No. 92)

6. Read the given lines and answer the questions that follow. (Text Book Page No. 92)

a) Then the whining school-boy, with his satchel
And shining morning face, creeping like snail
Unwillingly to school.

i. Which stage of life is being referred to here by the poet?
Answer:
2nd stage of life is being referred to here by the poet. (He is a schoolboy).

ii. What are the characteristics of this stage?
Answer:
The boy is unwilling to go to school and unwilling to take the responsibility of being a student. He is naughty and irresponsible. He doesn’t care for anything.

iii. How does the boy go to school?
Answer:
The boy goes to school unwillingly. He doesn’t like to go and take up the responsibility of being a student.

iv. Which figure of speech has been employed in the second line?
Answer:
‘Simile’ has been employed in the second line.

b) Then a soldier,
full of strange oaths, and bearded like the pard,
Jealous in honour, sudden and quick in quarrel,
Seeking the bubble reputation
Even in the cannon’s mouth.

i. What is the soldier ready to do?
Answer:
The soldier is ready to guard his country.

ii. Explain ‘bubble reputation’.
Answer:
Bubble stands for a short time. Reputation means earning a good name. In the fourth stage, man seeks fame though it is temporary and short-lived.

iii. What are the distinguishing features of this stage?
Answer:
The fourth stage portrays the man as a soldier. He is very aggressive and ambitious and seeks a reputation in all that he does. This is perhaps the toughest stage in his life.

c. And then the justice,
In fair round belly with good capon lin’d,
With eyes severe and beard of formal cut,
Full of wise saws and modern instances;

i. Whom does justice refer to?
Answer:
Justice refers to the man in the fifth stage. In this stage, the man turns into being justice, the one who knows what is good and who is right.

ii. Describe his appearance.
Answer:
He is a man with maturity and wisdom, he becomes a fair judge. He has a round belly. He becomes fatter. He wears a short, formal beard and his eyes become intense.

iii. How does he behave with the people around him?
Answer:
He behaves wisely with the people around him. He is full of wisdom, speaking to everyone in a just and wise manner.

iv. What does he do to show his wisdom?
Answer:
He is the best person to approach to find out who is correct and who is wrong. He is full of wisdom, speaking to everyone in a just and wise manner.

Additional Questions:

1. “All the world’s a stage,
And all the men and women merely players.

i. What is compared to ‘the world’s a stage’?
Answer:
The world’s stage is compared to a human’s life. Everyman plays several parts during his lifetime.

ii. Who are the players?
Answer:
All men and women are the players.

2. “Mewling and puking in the nurse’s arms,
Then the whining schoolboy with his satchel”.

i. Who pukes in the nurse’s arms?
Answer:
A child pukes ¡n the nurse’s arms.

ii. What does ‘Satchel’ mean?
Answer:
‘Satchel’ means a shoulder bag.

iii. Describe the whining school-boy.
Answer:
Whining means expressing unhappiness. The schoolboy is unwilling to go to school.

3. ‘Sighing like furnace, with a woeful ballad’

i. Which stage of life is being referred to here by the poet?
Answer:
The third stage is referred to here by the poet.

ii Which figure of speech has been employed in this line?
Answer:
‘Simile’ has been employed in this line.

4. ‘Into the lean and slipper’d pantaloon.
i. Describe the phrase “lean and slipper’d pantaloon”.
Answer:
The phrase “lean and slipper’d pantaloon” describes a thin old man who becomes very weak too.

ii. Which stage of life is being referred to hereby by the poet?
Answer:
The sixth stage of life ¡s referred to here by the poet.

5. “Is second childishness and mere oblivion”

i. Which stage is the second childhood? why?
Answer:
The last stage is the second childhood, He becomes dependent on people once more. He loses his sight, hearing, smell, and taste.

ii. Explain ‘mere oblivion’.
Answer:
Oblivion means unconsciousness. He doesn’t know what is happening around him, because he has grown very old and weak.

7. Complete the table based on your understanding of the poem:

Answer:

8. Based on your understanding of the poem, answer the following questions ¡n about 100-150 words each. You may add your own ideas if required, to present and justify your point of view: (Text Book Page No. 94)

a) Describe the various stages of a man’s life picturized in the poem “All the World’s a stage.”
b) Shakespeare has skillfully brought out the parallels between the life of man and actors on stage. Elaborate this statement with reference to the poem.

Introduction:
Shakespeare considers the whole world a stage where men and women are only actors. They enter the stage when they are born and exist when they die. Every player plays seven roles during his life.

First stage:
The first stage of a man’s life is infancy. As a baby he ‘mewls’ and ‘pukes’ in the arms of a nurse. In this stage, the baby is cared for by his mother.

Second stage:
As a whining schoolboy, he creeps towards the school ‘like a snail’. He is unwilling to go to school and unwilling to take the responsibility of being a student.

Third stage:
The lover’s behaviour bears a resemblance to a ‘sighing’ ‘furnance’. For him, there is definitely no other place that can comfort him, than the eyebrow of his ladylove.

Fourth stage: [soldier]
He is a soldier who fights for the nation. He goes in search of fame, which is short-lived and temporary. His beard depicts all those strange oaths that he takes he protect his country. He is aggressive and ambitious. This is perhaps the toughest stage in his life.

Fifth stage: [Middle aged man]
He is a man of justice. He grows older with maturity and wisdom, he becomes a fair judge.

Sixth stage: [Old man]
He is a weak, thin, old man. He seems funny in his loose clothes, even his voice is undergoing a transformation from its ‘manly’ huskiness to that of a childish voice.

Seventh stage: [Second childishness]
He becomes like a child and forgets everything. He loses his teeth, his eyesight, the taste, and the love or greed for everything that he once wanted in his life.

Listening:

Listen to the poem and fill in the blanks with appropriate words and phrases. If required listen to the poem again. (P No. 94)

Question 1.
The World Is Too Much with Us
The world is too much with us; late and soon,
Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers;
Little we see _______ in that is ours;
We have given _______ away, a sordid boon!
This Sea that bares her bosom _______
_________ that will be howling at all hours,
And are up-gathered now like _______
For this, for everything, we are _______;
It ____________ us not. Great God!
I’d rather be
A Pagan suckled in a creed outworn;
So might 1, standing on this pleasant lea,
Have glimpses that would make me less forlorn;
Have sight of Proteus rising _______
Or hear old Triton blow his wreathed horn.
_William Wordsworth.
Answer:
The World Is Too Much with Us
The world is too much with us; late and soon,
Getting and spending, we lay waste our powers;
Little we see in Nature that is ours;
We have given our hearts away, a sordid boon!
This Sea that bares her bosom to the moon,
The wind that will be howling at all hours,
And are up-gathered now like sleeping flowers,
For this, for everything, we are out of tune;
It moves us not. Great God! I’d rather be
A Pagan suckled in a creed outworn;
So might I, standing on this pleasant lea,
Have glimpses that would make me less forlorn;
Have sight of Proteus rising from the sea;
Or hear old Triton blow his wreathed horn.

கவிஞரைப் பற்றி வில்லியம் ஷேக்ஸ்பியர் (William Shakespeare):

(1564-1616) எலிசபத் ராணி (Elizabethan) மற்றும் ஜேக்கப் மன்னர் (Jacobean) காலத்தைச் சார்ந்த சிறந்த ஆங்கில எழுத்தாளர். (சில நேரங்களில் ஆங்கில புரட்சியாளர் (Renaissance) என அழைக்கப்பட்டவரி. ஷேக்ஸ்பியர் நாடகங்களுக்கு சிறந்தவர் என்றாலும், அவை மட்டும் அவர் எழுதவில்ல. அவரது கவிதைகள் இன்றளவும் புகழ் பெற்றுள்ளன. அவரது படைப்புகள் எண்ணற்ற (countless) வெவ்வேறான படைப்புகளை உருவாக்கியுள்ளது.

அவரது படைப்புகள் அனைத்தும “வில்லியம் ஷேக்ஸ்பியரின் மொத்த படைப்புகள்” (The Complete Works of William Shakespeare) என்ற பெயரில் தொகுக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது. இது அவரது நாடகங்கள் (flays), செய்யுள்கள் (sonnels) மற்றும் கவிதைகள் (poems) அனைத்தையும் உள் அடக்கியது. வில்லியம் ஷேக்ஸ்பியர் இன்றளவும் ஆங்கிலத்தில் தலைசிறந்த இலக்கியவாதிகளில் (literary figures) ஒருவராக திகழ்கிறார்.

Discuss with your partner the different stages in the growth of a man from a newborn to an adult.
மனித வளர்ச்சியின் வெவ்வேறு நிலைகளை நண்பர்களுடன் கலந்துரையாடி அறிந்து கொள்க.

“உலகமே ஒரு நாடக மேடை” என்ற வரி வில்லியம் ஷேக்ஸ்பியர் எழுதிய “As you like it” என்ற நாடகத்தில் ஜேக்குயிஸ் (jaques) என்ற கதாபாத்திரம் பேசும் முதல் ஐந்து வரிகள். அவன் உலகத்தை ஒரு நாடக மேடைக்கும், மனித வாழ்க்கையை ஒரு நாடகத்திற்கும், ஆண்களும், பெண்களும் அதில் நடக்கும் நடிகர்களாகவும், வாழ்வின் பல்வேறு நிகழ்வுகள் நடிக்கப்படும் வேடங்கள் என்றும், பிறப்பின் மூலம் உள்நுழைந்து இறப்பின் மூலம் வெளிசெல்வதாக ஒப்பிடுகிறார்.

மனிதர்கள் வெவ்வேறு கதாபாத்திரங்களாக நடிக்கிறார்கள். ஷேக்ஸ்பியரின் வரிகளில் அடிக்கடி பிறரால் குறிப்பிடப்பட்ட வரிகளில் இதுவும் ஒன்று.

All The World’s A Stage Summary in Tamil

உலகமே ஒரு நாடகமேடை (stage),
அதில் அனைவருமே நடிகர் நடிகைகள்;
அவர்களுக்கு நுழைவாயில்களும் (entrances) உண்டு வெளிச்செல்லும் (exits) வழிகளும் உண்டு
ஒருவருக்கோ அவரது காலத்தில் பல வேடங்களும் உண்டு.
அவரது நடிப்பு ஏழு பருவங்களாய் உள்ளது. முதலில் குழந்தை (infant) பருவம்
செவிலியின் (nurse) கரங்களில் அழுவதும் (mewling) வாந்தி எடுப்பதுமாய் (puking).
பின்னர் புலம்பியழும் (whining) பள்ளி சிறுவன், அவன் தனது பையுடன் (satchel)
மின்னும் முகப்பொலிவுடன், நத்தை (snail) போன்று நகர்கின்றான்.
விருப்பமின்றி பள்ளிக்கு. அதன்பின் காதல் பருவம்,
எரியும் நெருப்பு சுவாலை போன்று அவனது காதலியின் புருவங்கள்
பற்றி சோகமான (woeful) ராகங்களின் வெளிப்பாடு.

பின்ன ர் ஒரு படைவீரன் (soldier), வித்யாச சத்தியபிரமாணங்கள் (oaths)
தாவும் சிறுத்தை தாடியுடன், வெற்றி பொறாமையில் (jealous), துடிப்பும்
துணிவும் அவன் சண்டையில் நொடிப்பொழுது பெருமையைத் தேடுகிறான்.
பீரங்கியின் துழையின் முன் கூட. அடுத்து ஒரு நீதிபதி (justice),
வட்ட வடிவ வயிற்றுடன் இடைவெளிகளற்ற வரிகளுடன் (capon lin’d)
கூரிய பார்வை மற்றும் சீரான சிகையலங்காரத்துடன்
அறிவான அறிவுரைகளும் (wise saws) புதிய பார்வைகளுடன்
தன் பணி செய்கிறான். ஆறாம் பருவம் நகர்கிறது (shifts)
மெல்லிய எளிய காலணி அணிந்த முதுமை பருவத்திற்குள்.

மூக்குக் கண்ணாடியும் தோளில் பையும் (pouch)
அவரது இளமைக்கால கால்சட்டை (hose) பாதுகாப்பாய் உள்ளது இப்பரந்த உலகில்.
அவரது மெலிந்த கால்களுக்காய் (shrunk shank), அவனது ஆண்மைக் குரலோ (manly voice)
மீண்டும் மாற்றம் பெறுகிறது, குழந்தையின் மழலைக் குரலாய்
கீச்சொலி (whistles) கேட்கிறது அவரது குரலில். இறுதிக் காட்சி,
இந்த அசாதாரண நிகழ்வுநிறை வரலாற்றை முடிப்பதற்கு
இரண்டாம் குழந்தைப்பருவம் மறதியின் பருவம் (oblivion)
பற்களில்லை, பார்வையில்லை, ருசியில்லை, ஏதுமில்லை.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Guide Pdf Chapter 2 Motion Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Solutions Chapter 2 Motion

9th Science Guide Motion Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
The area under velocity – time graph represents the
(a) velocity of the moving object.
(b) displacement covered by the moving object,
(c) speed of the moving object.
(d) acceleration of the moving object.
Answer:
(b) displacement covered by the moving object

Question 2.
Which one of the following is most likely not a case of uniform circular motion?
(a) Motion of the Earth around the Sim.
(b) Motion of a toy train on a circular track.
(c) Motion of a racing car on a circular track.
(d) Motion of hours’ hand on the dial of the clock.
Answer:
(c) Motion of a racing car on a circular track

Question 3.
Which of the following graph represents uniform motion of a moving particle?


Answer:

Question 4.
The centrifugal force is
(a) a real force.
(b) the force of reaction of centripetal force.
(c) a virtual force.
(d) directed towards the centre of the circular path.
Answer:
(c) a virtual force

II. Fill in the blanks :

1. Speed is a …………………….quantity whereas velocity is a …………….quantity.
Answer:
Scalar, Vector

2. The slope of the distance – time graph at any point gives ………………
Answer:
Speed

3. Negative acceleration is called ……………………
Answer:
retardation (or) deceleration

4. Area under velocity – time graph shows ……………………………….
Answer:
displacement

III. State whether true or false. If false, correct the statement:

1. The motion of a city bus in a heavy traffic road is an example for uniform motion.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: The motion of a city bus in a heavy traffic road is an example for non-uniform motion.

2. Acceleration can get negative value also.
Answer:
True.

3. Distance covered by a particle never becomes zero but displacement becomes zero.
Answer:
True.

4. The velocity – time graph of a particle falling freely under gravity would be a straight line parallel to the x axis. .
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: The velocity – time graph of aparticle moving at uniform do dry. would be straight line parallel to the x axis.

5. If the velocity – time graph of a particle is a straight line inclined to X-axis then its displacement – time graph will be a straight line.
Answer:
True.

IV. Assertion and Reason Type Questions :

Mark the correct choice as:
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If assertion is false but reason is true.

Question 1.
Assertion : The accelerated motion of an object may be due to change in magnitude of velocity or direction or both of them..
Reason : Acceleration can be produced only by change in magnitude of the velocity. It does not depend the direction.
Answer:
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.

Question 2.
Assertion : The Speedometer of a car or a motor-cycle measures its average speed.
Reason : Average velocity is equal to total displacement divided by total time taken.
Answer:
(d) Assertion is false but reason is true

Question 3.
Assertion : Displacement of a body may be zero when distance travelled by it is not zero.
Reason : The displacement is the shortest distance between initial and final position.
Answer:
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion

V. Match the Following :

Answer:

VI. Answer briefly :

Question 1.
Define velocity.
Answer:
Velocity is the rate of change of displacement. It. is the displacement in unit time.

Question 2.
Distinguish distance and displacement.
Answer:
Table
Distance

1. The actual length of the path travelled by a moving body irrespective of the direction
2. It is a Scalar quantity

Displacement:

1. The change in position of a moving body in a particular direction
2. It is a Vector quantity

Question 3.
What do you mean by uniform-motion?
Answer:
An object is said to be in uniform motion if it covers equal distances in equal intervals of time how so ever big or small these time intervals may be.

Question 4.
Compare speed and velocity.
Answer:

Question 5.
What do you understand about negative acceleration?
Answer:
If v < u, i.e. if final velocity is less than initial velocity, the velocity decreases with time and the value of acceleration is negative. It is called negative acceleration. It is also called as retardation (or) deceleration.

Question 6.
Is the uniform circular motion accelerated? Give reasons for your answer.
Answer: When an object is moving with a constant speed along a circular path, the change in velocity is only due to the change in direction. Hence it is accelerated motion.

Question 7.
What is meant by uniform circular motion? Give two examples of uniform circular motion.
Answer:
When an object moves with constant speed along a circular path, the motion is called uniform circular motion.
Example :

• The earth moves around the sun in the uniform circular motion.
• The moon moves in uniform circular motion around the earth.

VII. Answer in detail :

Question 1.
Derive the equations of motion by graphical method.
Answer:
Equations of motion from velocity-time graph:

Graph shows the change in velocity with time of a uniformly accelerated object. The object starts from the point D in the graph with velocity u. Its velocity keeps increasing and after time t it reaches the point B on the graph.
The initial velocity of the object = u = OD = EA
The final velocity of the object = v = OC = EB
Time = t = OE = DA
Also from the graph we know that, AB = DC

1. First equation of motion :

By definition, acceleration = change in velocity / time
= (final velocity – initial velocity)/time
= (OC – OD) / OE
= DC / OE
a = DC /t
DC = AB = at
From the graph EB = EA + AB
v = u + at…………..(1)
This is first equation of motion. .

2. Second equation on of motion :
From the graph the distance covered by the object during time t is given by the area of quadrangle DOEB

s = area of the quadrangle DOEB
= area of the rectangle DOEA + area of the triangle DAB
= (AE x OE) + (1/2 × AB × DA) .
s = ut + 1/2 (at²) …………(2)
This is the second equation of motion.

3. Third equation of motion :
From the graph the distance covered by the object during time, t is given by the area of the quadrangle DOEB. Here DOEB is a trapezium. Then,
s = area of trapezium DOEB
= 1/2 × sum of length of parallel side × distance between parallel sides
= 1/2 × (OD + BE) × OE
S = 1/2 ×× (u + v) × t
since a = (v – u) /1 or t = (v – u) / a
Therefore s = 1/2 × (v + u) x (v – u) / a
2as = v² – u²
v² = u² + 2 as …………….. (3)
This is the third equation of motion.

Question 2.
Explain different types of motion.
Answer:
In physics, motion can be classified as below.

1. Linear motion: Motion along a straight line.

2. Circular motion: Motion along a circular path.

3. Oscillatory motion: Repetitive to and fro motion of an object at regular intervals of time. Random motion: Motion of the object which does not fall in any of the above categories.

Uniform and Non-uniform motion:

Uniform motion: Consider a car that covers 60 km in the first hour, 60 km in the second horn-, and another 60 km in the third hour, and so on. The car covers equal distance at equal intervals of time. We can say that the motion of the car is uniform. An object is said to be in uniform motion if it covers equal distances in equal intervals of time howsoever big or small these time intervals may be.

Non-uniform motion: Now, consider a bus starting from one stop. It proceeds slowly when it passes through a crowded area of the road. Suppose, it manages to travel merely 100 m in 5 minutes due to heavy traffic and is able to travel about 2 km in 5 minutes when the road is clear. Hence, the motion of the bus is non-uniform i.e. it travels unequal distances in equal intervals of time.

VIII. Exercise Problems:

Question 1.
A ball is gently dropped from a height of 20 m. If its velocity increases uniformly at the rate of 10ms^-2, with what velocity will it strike the ground? After what time will it strike the ground?
Answer:
Here we have
Initial velocity, u = 0
Distance, s = 20 m
Acceleration, a = 10 m/s²
Final velocity, v = ?
Time, t = ?

a) Calculation of final velocity, v
We know that, v² = u² + 2as
v² = 0 + 2 × 10m/s² × 20m
v² = 400m²/s²
\(=\sqrt{400 m^{2} / s^{2}}\)
v = 20m/s

b) Calculation of time, t
We know that, v = u + at
20 m/s = 0 + 10m/s² × t
t = \(\frac{20 m / s^{2}}{20 m / s}=2 s\)
∴ Ball will strike the ground at a velocity of 20 ms^-1
Time taken to reach the ground = 2s.

Question 2.
An athlete completes one round of a circular track of diameter 200 m in 40 s. What will be the distance covered and the displacement at the end of 2 m and 20 s?
Answer:
Here we have
Diameter = 200. m
∴ Radius = 200 m/2 = 100 m
Time of one rotation = 40 s
Time after 2m 20 s = 2 × 60 s +20 s = 140 s
Distance after 140 s = ?
Displacement after 140 s = ?
Circular track with a diameter of 200m
We know that, velocity

a) Distance after 140 s
We know that, distance = velocity × time
= Distance 15.7 rn/s × 140 s
= 2198m

b) Displacement after 2 min 20 s i.e, in 140 s
We know that, distance = velocity × time
Since, rotation in 40 s = 1
∴ Rotation in 1 s = \(\frac{1}{40}\)
∴ Rotation in 140 s = \(\frac{1}{40} \times 140=3.5\)
∴ In 3.5 rotation athlete will be just at the opposite side of the circular track,
i.e. at a distance equal to the diameter of the circular track which is equal to 200m
∴ Distance covered in 2min 20 s = 2198 m
Displacement after 2min 20 5 = 200 m.

Question 3.
A racing car has a uniform acceleration of 4ms-2. What distance it covers in 10s after the start?
Answer:
Here we have
Acceleration, a = 4 m/s².
Initial velocity u = 0
Time t = 10 s
Distance (s) covered =?
We know that, s = ut + \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) at²
s = (0 × 10s) + [\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × 4 m/s² × (10 s)²]
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × 4 m/s² × 100 s²
= 2 × 100 m = 200 m

Thus, racing car will cover a distance of 200 m after start in 10s with given acceleration.

Intex Activities

ACTIVITY – 1

Look around you. You can see many things: a row of houses, large trees, small plants, flying birds, running cars and many more. List the objects which remain fixed at their position and the objects which keep on changing their position.
Solution:

1. Row of houses, large trees, small plants are the examples, of immovable objects.
2. Flying birds, running cars and buses are the examples of movable objects.

Activity to be done by the students themselves

ACTIVITY – 2

Tabulate the distance covered by a bus in a heavy traffic road in equal intervals of time and do the same for a train which is not in an accelerated motion. From your table what do you understand?
The bus covers unequal distance in equal intervals of time but the train covers equal distances in equal intervals of time.
Solution:

ACTIVITY – 3

Observe the motion of a car as shown in the figure and answer the following questions:
Compare the distance covered by the car through the path ABC and AC. What do you observe? Which path gives the shortest distance to reach D from A? Is it the path ABCD or the path ACD or the path AD?

Solution:

1. Distance covered by the car through the path ABC = 4m + 3m = 7 m. and AC = 5 m. The distance covered by the car through the path ABC is large compared to AC.
2. The shortest distance to resell D from A is path AD = 3m.
3. The total distance covered by the car ABCD A = 14 m. It finally reaches to A.

ACTIVITY – 4

Take a large stone and a small eraser. Stand on the top fit a table and drop them simultaneously from the same height? What do you observe? Now, take a small eraser and a sheet of paper. Drop them simultaneously from the same height. What do you observe? This time, take two sheets of paper having same mass and crumple one of the sheets into a ball. Now, drop the sheet and the ball from the same height. What do you observe?
Solution :
Both the stone and the eraser have reached the surface of the earth almost at the same time.
The eraser reaches first and the sheet of paper reaches later.
The paper crumpled into a ball reaches ground first and plain sheet of paper reaches later, although they have equal mass. It is because of air resistance. The magnitude of air resistance despends on the area of object exposed to air. So the sheet of paper reaches later.

9th Science Guide Motion Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer :

Question 1.
A particle is moving in a circular pattern of radius r. The displacement after half a circle would be
(a) zero
(b) πr
(c) 2r
(d) 2πr
Answer:
(c) 2r

Question 2.
In which of the following cases of motions, the distance moved and the magnitude of displacement are equal?
(a) If the car is moving in the straight road.
(b) If the car is moving in a circular road.
(c) The earth is revolving around the sun.
(d) The pendulum is moving to and fro
Answer:
(a) If the car is moving in the straight road

Question 3.
A body is thrown vertically upward with velocity, the greatest height h to which it will rise is
(a) u²/2g
(b) u²/g
(c) u/g
(d) u/2g
Answer:
(a) u²/2g

Question 4.
If the displacement of an object is proportional to square of time, then the object moves with
(a) uniform velocity
(b) uniform acceleration
(c) increasing acceleration
(d) decreasing acceleration
Answer:
(b) uniform acceleration

Question 5.
From the given v-t graph, u can be inferred that the object is
(a) in uniform motion
(b) at rest
(c) in non-uniform motion
(d) moving with uniform acceleration
Answer:
(a) in uniform motion

Question 6.
The area under v-t graph represents a physical quantity which has the unit.
(a) m²
(b) m
(c) m³
(d) ms^-1
Answer:
(b) m

Question 7.
m/s² is the unit of
(a) distance
(b) displacement
(c) velocity
(d) acceleration
Answer:
(d) acceleration

Question 8.
The rate of change of displacement
(a) speed
(b) velocity
(c) acceleration
(d) retardation
Answer:
(b) velocity

Question 9.
A scalar quantity has T
(a) magnitude only
(b) direction only
(c) both
(d) none
Answer:
(a) magnitude only

Question 10.
When an object undergoes acceleration
(a) there is always an increase in its velocity
(b) there is always an increase in its speed
(c) a force always acting on it.
(d) all of the above
Answer:
(c) a force always acting on it

Question 11.
A body is projected up with an initial velocity u m/s. It goes up to a height, ‘h’ metres in seconds time. Then it comes back at the point of projection. Considering negligible air resistance, which of the following statement is true?
(a) the acceleration is zero
(b) the displacement is zero
(c) the average velocity is 2hit
(d) the final velocity is 2u when body reaches projection point
Answer:
(b) the displacement is zero

Question 12.
A car accelerates at 1.5m/s²in a straight road. How much is the increase in velocity in 4s.
(a) 6 m/s
(b) 4 m/s
(c) 3 m/s
(d) 2.66 m/s
Answer:
(a) 6 m/s

Question 13.
The slope of the distance-time curve is steeper / greater is the
(a) velocity
(b) acceleration
(c) displacement
(d) speed
Answer:
(d) speed

Question 14.
The given graph represents motion with …………….speed.

(a) uniform
(b) non-uniform
(c) constant
(d) none
Answer:
(b) non-uniform

Question 15.
The relation between displacemeñt and time is given by the equation of
(a) v² = ut + at
(b) s = ut + \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) at²
(e) c = s/t
(d) v² = u² + 2as
Answer:
(b) s = ut + \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) at²

Question 16.
A body moves in a uniform circular motion
(a) It is moving with constant velocity
(b) its acceleration is zero
(c) the body has an acceleration y
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(a) It is moving with constant velocity

Question 17.
Speed of the body in particular direction can be called
(a) acceleration
(b) displacement
(c) velocity
(d) distance
Answer:
(c) velocity

Question 18.
Statement A: Uniform circular motion is a case of accelerated motion
Statement B: In third equation of motion we do not have the term time
(a) Statement B is true, A is false
(b) Statement A is true, B is false
(c) neither statement A nor B is true
(d) both are true
Answer:
(d) both are true

Question 19.
Which of the following is correct about uniform circular motion
(i) direction of motion is continuously changed
(ii) direction of motion is not changed
(iii) speed and direction both remain constant
(iv) speed is constant but direction is changing
(a) ii & iii are correct
(b) i, ii & iii are correct
(c) i & iv are correct
(d) all of these
Answer:
(c) i & iv are correct

Question 20.
Which of the quantities have the same SI unit?
(a) speed, velocity
(b) acceleration, time
(c) velocity, time
(d) velocity, acceleration
Answer:
(a) speed, velocity

Question 21.
Rest and motion of body are
(a) non-relative
(b) not related
(c) relative
(d) none
Answer:
(c) relative

Question 22.
An ant moves from one corner of a room diagonally to the opposite corner. If the dimensions of the hall are 8m x 6m, the displacement of the ant is
(a) 10m
(b) 14m
(c) 28m
(d) 2m
Answer:
(a) 10m

Question 23.
The displacement covered by a second hand of radius V in a clock after one revolution is
(a) 360°
(b) 0
(c) 3r
(d) 2r
Answer:
(b) 0

Question 24.
A man leaves his house at 6.30 a.m. for a morning walk and returns back at 7.30 a.m. after covering 4 km. Displacement covered by him is …………….
(a) 2 km
(b) zero
(c) 8 km
(d) 4 km
Answer:
(b) zero

Question 25.
A body is said to be in non uniform motion if it travels
(a) equal distance in unequal interval of time
(b) equal distance in equal interval of time
(c) unequal distance in unequal interval of time
(d) unequal distance in equal interval of time.
Answer:
(d) unequal distance in equal interval of time

Question 26.
A quantity which has both magnitude and direction is
(a) scalar
(b) distant
(c) vector
(d) moving body
Answer:
(c) vector

Question 27.
A bus accelerating with 4ms-2 changes its speed from 60ms_1 to a certain value in 5s. The final speed is
(a) 40 m/s
(b) 25 ms^-1
(c) 60 ms^-1
(d) 30 ms^-1
Answer:
(a) 40 m/s

Question 28.
A quantity has a value of 16ms-2. It is the
(a) acceleration of an object
(b) velocity of an object
(c) retardation of an object
(d) speed of an object
Answer:
(c) retardation of an object

Question 29.
A boy throws a ball up and catches it when the ball falls back. In which part of the motion the ball is accelerating?
(a) during downward motion
(b) when the ball comes to rest
(c) during upward motion
(d) when the boy catches the ball.
Answer:
(a) during downward motion]

Question 30.
Choose the correct option.
(a) distance is a scalar, velocity is a vector, acceleration is a vector
(b) distance is a vector, velocity is a scalar, acceleration is a vector
(c) distance is a vector, velocity is a vector, acceleration is a vector
(d) distance is a scalar, velocity is a vector, acceleration is scalar
Answer:
(a) distance is a scalar, velocity is a vector, acceleration is a vector

Question 31.
If a moving body comes to rest, then its acceleration is
(a) positive
(b) negative
(c) zero
(d) all of these depending upon initial velocity.
Answer:
(b) negative

Question 32.
If the velocity of a body changes uniformly from u to v in time t, the sum of average velocity and acceleration is


Answer:

Question 33.
Acceleration is defined as the rate of change of
(a) distance
(b) velocity
(c) speed
(d) displacement
Answer:
(b) velocity

Question 34.
When an object undergoes acceleration
(a) there is always an increase in its velocity ‘
(b) there is always an increase in its speed
(c) a force always acting on it.
(d) all the above
Answer:
(c) a force always acting on it

Question 35.
The equation v = u + at gives information as
(a) velocity is a function of time
(b) velocity is a function of position
(c) position is a function of time
(d) position is a function of time and velocity
Answer:
(a) velocity is a function of time

Question 36.
Which of the following can determine the acceleration of a moving object.
(a) area of the velocity-time graph
(b) the slope of the velocity-time graph
(c) area of a distance-time graph
(d) the slope of a distance-time graph
Answer:
(b) slope of the velocity-time graph

Question 37.
What is the slope of the body when it moves with uniform velocity?
(a) positive
(b) negative
(c) zero
(d) may be positive or negative
Answer:
(c) zero]

Question 38.
If a body starts from rest, what can be said about the acceleration of the body?
(a) positively accelerated
(b) negative accelerated
(c) uniform accelerated
(d) none of the above
Answer:
(a) positively accelerated

Question 39.
When a body moves uniformly along the circle then
(a) its velocity changes but speed remain the same
(b) its speed changes but velocity remains the same
(c) both speed and velocity changes
(d) both speed and velocity remains same
Answer:
(a) its velocity changes but speed remains the same

Question 40.
Distance travelled by a freely falling body is proportional to
(a) mass of the body
(b) square of the acceleration due to gravity
(c) square of the time of fall
(d) time of fall
Answer:
(c) square of the time of fall

Question 41.
If the displacement-time graph of a particle is parallel to the time axis, then velocity of the particle is.
(a) infinity
(b) unity
(c) equal to acceleration
(d) zero
Answer:
(d) zero

Question 42.
In the velocity-time graph, AB shows that the body has

(a) uniform acceleration
(b) non-uniform retardation
(c) uniform speed
(d) initial velocity OA & is moving with uniform retardation.
Answer:
(d) initial velocity OA & is moving with uniform retardation

Question 43.
The magnitude of the centripetal force is given by (F= ….)


Answer:

Question 44.
A body moving with an initial velocity 5ms^-1 and accelerates at 2ms ^-2. Its velocity after 10s is
(a) 20ms^-1
(b) 25ms^-1
(c) 5ms^-1
(d) 22.55ms^-1
Answer:
(b) 25ms^-1

Question 45.
In a 100m race, the winner takes 10s to reach the finishing point. The average speed of the winner is
(a) 5ms^-1
b) 20ms^-1
c) 40ms^-1
d) 10ms^-1
Answer:
(d) 10ms^-2

Question 46.
The area under the velocity-time graph represents
(a) the velocity of the moving object
(b) displacement covered by the moving object
(c) speed of the moving object.
(d) acceleration of the moving object
Answer:
(b) displacement covered by the moving object

Question 47.
A car is being driven at a speed of 20ms^-1 when brakes are applied to bring it to rest in 5 s. The deceleration produced in this case will be
(a) +4ms^-2
(b) -4ms^-2
(c) -0.25ms^-2
(d) +0.25ms^-2
Answer:
(b) -4ms^-2

Question 48.
Unit of acceleration is
(a) ms^-1
(b) ms^-2
(c) ms
(d) ms²
Answer:
(b) ms^-2

Question 49.
The force responsible for drying clothes in a washing machine is …………….
(a) Centripetal force
(b) Centrifugal force
(c) Gravitational force
(d) Electro static force
Answer:
(b) Centrifugal force

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. If a body does not change its position, then it is said to be at …………………
Answer:
rest

2. The back and forth motion of a swing is an ………………… motion.
Answer:
Oscillatory

3. In uniform motion an object travels equal ………………… in ………………… interval of time.
Answer:
distances, equal

4. The actual path covered by a body is called …………………
Answer:
distance

5. Displacement is the ………………… distance covered by a body.
Answer:
shortest

6. The motion of the bus is ………………… motion.
Answer:
non-uniform

7. Rate of change of displacement is …………………
Answer:
velocity

8. Speed is a ………………… quantity whereas velocity is a …………………
Answer:
scalar, vector

9. If final velocity is less than initial velocity the acceleration is ………………….
Answer:
negative

10. If final velocity is equal to initial velocity the value of acceleration is ………………….
Answer:
zero

11. The slope of the distance-time graph becomes steeper & steeper the speed ………………….
Answer:
increases

12. A straight line parallel to the x-axis in the velocity-time graph, represents the object moves in…………………
Answer:
uniform velocity

13. From v-t graph ………………… can be calculated.
Answer:
displacement

14. ………………… measures the instantaneous speed of the automobile.
Answer:
Speedometer

15. Slope of the velocity-time graph gives…………………
Answer:
acceleration

16. The value of acceleration for a body at rest is…………………
Answer:
zero

17. At the highest point, when a body is thrown vertically upwards, the velocity is ………………….
Answer:
zero

18. A body moves in a circular pattern the ………………… of velocity does not change but changes.
Answer:
magnitude, direction

19. When a body moves in a circular pattern ………………… acceleration is directed radially towards the centre of the circle.
Answer:
centripetal

20. The separation of cream from milk-hn example for the application of ………………….
Answer:
centrifugal

21. Consider an object is rest at position x = 20m. Then its displacement – time graph will be straight-line ………………… to the time axis.
Answer:
Parallel

III. State whether true or false. If false, correct the statement:

1. Displacement can be zero but distance never.
Answer:
True.

2. Time is a vector quantity.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Time is a scalar quantity.

3. Displacement magnitude can be greater than the distance travelled by the object.
Answer:
True.

4. If the velocity of the body decreases with time the acceleration is negative and the motion is called decelerated motion.
Answer:
True.

5. Acceleration is a scalar.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Acceleration is a vector.

6. The area of the velocity-time graph gives the displacement of the body.
Answer:
True.

7. Motion & rest are relative terms.
Answer:
True.

8. An object can be moving with uniform speed but variable acceleration.
Answer:
True.

9. Slope of the distance-time graph indicates the speed.
Answer:
True.

10. It is possible to have object moving with uniform velocity but non-uniform acceleration.
Answer:
True.

11. It is possible to have object moving with uniform speed but variable acceleration.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement : It is possible to have object moving with uniform speed but constant acceleration.

12. The force experienced by a boy in the merry-go-round is a centripetal force.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: The force experienced by a boy in the merry-go-round is a centrifugal force.

13. The initial velocity of a freely falling object is zero as it is released from rest.
Answer:
True.

IV. Assertion and Reason Type Questions :

(a) If both assertion & reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion.
(b) If both assertion & reason are true but the reason is not correct explanation of the assertion.
(c) If the assertion is true but the reason is false.
(d) If assertion & reason both are false.
(e) If assertion is false but reason is true.

Question 1.
Assertion : A body can have acceleration even if its velocity is zero at a given instant of time.
Reason: A body is momentarily at rest when it reverses its direction of motion.
Answer:
(a) Both assertion & reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion

Question 2.
Assertion : If the displacement of the body is zero, the distance covered by it may not be zero.
Reason: Displacement is a vector & distance is a scalar quantity.
Answer:
(a) Both assertion & reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion

Question 3.
Assertion: An object can have constant speed but the variable velocity
Reason: Speed is a scalar but velocity is a vector.
Answer:
(a) Both assertion & reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion

Question 4.
Assertion: The speed of a body can be Negative.
Reason : If the body is moving in the opposite direction of positive motion, then its speed is Negative.
Answer:
(d) Assertion & reason both are false

Question 5.
Assertion : The position-time graph of a uniform motion in one dimension of a body can have Negative slope
Reason : When the speed of body decreases with time then, position-time graph of the moving body has Negative slope.
[Answer:
(c) Assertion is true but the reason is false

Question 6.
Assertion: A positive acceleration of a body can be associated with slowing down of the body.
Reason: Acceleration is a vector.
[Answer: (b) Both assertion & reason are true but the reason is not correct explanation of the assertion]

Question 7.
Assertion :A negative acceleration of a body can be associated with speeding up of the body.
Reason: Increase in speed of a moving body is independent of its direction of motion.
Answer:
(b) Both assertion & reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion

Question 8.
Assertion When a body is subjected to a uniform acceleration, it is always moving in a straight line.
Reason: Motion may be straight-line motion or circular motion.
Answer:
(e) Assertion is false but the reason is true

Question 9.
Assertion : Position-time graph of a stationary object is a straight line parallel to time axis. ’
Reason : For a stationary object, position does not change with time.
Answer:
(a) Both assertion & reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion

Question 10.
Assertion : The slope of distance-time graph of a body moving with high speed is steeper than slope of distance-time graph of a body with low velocity.
Reason: Slope of distance-time graph = speed of the body.
Answer:
(a) Both assertion & reason are true and the reason is the correct explanation of the assertion

V. Answer briefly :

Question 1.
What are centripetal acceleration and centripetal force?
Answer:
When a body moves in a circular pattern the acceleration is directed radially towards the centre of the circle.
The force causing this acceleration is also directed towards the centre of the circle and it is called centripetal force.

Question 2.
Find the magnitude of centripetal force.
Answer:
Consider an object of mass m, moving along a circular path of radius r, with a velocity v, its centripetal acceleration is given by a = v² / r
Hence, the magnitude of centripetal force is given by,
F = mass x centripetal acceleration
F = mv² / r

Question 3.
What is centrifugal force? Give examples.
Answer:
Force acting on a body away from the centre of circular path is called centrifugal force. Thus centrifugal force is in a direction opposite to the direction of centripetal force. Its magnitude is same as that of centripetal force.
Example : Spin dryer of a washing machine, ride on a merry-go-round.

Question 4.
When an object is thrown upwards, what is true of velocity and acceleration at the highest point of motion of the object?
Answer:

• Velocity becomes zero
• Acceleration remains same as g.

Question 5.
Name the two quantities, the slope of whose graph gives (i) speed (ii) acceleration.
Answer:
(i) Distance – Time
(ii) Speed – Time

Question 6.
Define Average speed.
Answer:
It is the total distance travelled divided by the total time taken to cover this distance.

Question 7.
What do you infer if
(i) Distance – time graph is straight line.
(ii) Velocity time graph is curved.
(iii) Displacement time is zig zag.
Answer:
(i) Speed is constant.
(ii) Acceleration is not uniform.
(iii) Non uniform velocity.

Question 8.
Give the formula for each.
(i) Relation between initial, final velocity, acceleration and displacement in a uniformly accelerated straight line motion.
(ii) Relation between initial, final velocity, acceleration & time in a uniformly accelerated straight line motion.
(iii) Relation between initial velocity, acceleration, displacement and time.
Answer:
(i) Relation between initial, final Velocity, acceleration & displacement
in a uniformly accelerated straight line motion. v² = u² + 2as
(ii) Relation between initial, final velocity, acceleration & time
in a uniformly accelerated straight line motion. v = u + at
(iii) Relation between initial velocity, acceleration, displacement and time. s = ut+ 1/2 at²

Question 9.
What is the difference between uniform acceleration and non – uniform acceleration?
Answer:
Uniform Acceleration

1. It is the acceleration in which the object changes its velocity with equal intervals of time.
2. eg. The motion of a ball rolling down.

Non – Uniform Acceleration

1. It is the acceleration in which the object changes its velocity with unequal intervals of time.
2. A car travels 2 km in 1st hour, 3 km in 2nd hour and 3.5 km in 3rd horn.

Question 11.
Define Acceleration.
Answer:
Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time or it is the rate of change of velocity in unit time. It is a vector quantity. The SI unit of acceleration is

VI. Paragraph Questions :

Question 1.
Define acceleration and state its SI unit for motion along a straight line, when do we consider the acceleration to be (i) positive (ii) negative? Give an example of a body in uniform acceleration.
Answer:
Answer: Acceleration is the rate of change of velocity with respect to time or it is the rate of change of velocity in unit time. It is a vector quantity. The SI unit of acceleration is ms^-2
Acceleration = Change in velocity/time
= (Final velocity – initial velocity)/time
a = \(\frac{v-u}{t}\)

If v > u, then ‘a’ is positive. If final velocity is greater than initial velocity, the velocity increase with time, the value of acceleration is positive.

If v < u, then a is negative. If final velocity is less than initial velocity
Example : The motion of a freely falling body and vertically thrown up body are the examples of uniform acceleration.
The motion of ball rolling down on an inclined plane is another example.

Question 2.
Distinguish between uniform motion and non
Answer:
uniform motion.

1. An object is said to be in uniform motion if it covers equkl distances in equal intervals of time.
2. example of uniform motion ‘train’

non-uniform motion.

1. If a body covers unequal distances in equal interval of time (or) equal distances in a different interval of time
2. example of non – uniform motion ‘bus’

Question 3.
Define uniform circular motion and give an example of it. Why is it called accelerated motion?
Answer:
When an object is moving with a constant speed along a circular path, the change in velocity is only due to the change in direction. Hence it is accelerated motion. Example:

1. The earth moves around the sun in a uniform circular motion.
2. The moon moves in uniform circular motion around the earth.

Question 4.
When a body is said to be in (i) uniform acceleration (ii) non – uniform acceleration?
Answer:
(i) A body is said to be in uniform acceleration if it travels in a straight line and its velocity increases or decreases by equal amounts in equal time intervals.
(ii) A body is said to be in non-uniform acceleration if the rate of change of its velocity is not constant i.e. differs in different time intervals.

Question 5.
What remains constant in uniform circular motion? And what changes continuously in uniform circular motion?
Answer:

• Speed remains constant in a uniform circular motion.
• Velocity changes continuously in a uniform circular motion.

Problems

Question 1.
A bus speed decreases from 50 km/h to 40 km/h in 3s, find the acceleration of the bus.
Answer:

Question 2.
A car starting from rest moves with uniform acceleration of 0.2 ms-2 for 3 min. Fine the (a) speed acquired (b) the distance travelled.
Answer:
Initial speed (u) = 0 m/s
Acceleration (a) = 0.2 ms^-2
Time taken (t) = 3 min = 3 × 60 = 180 s
Final velocity (v) = ?
Distance covered(s) = ?
v = u + at = 0 + 0.2 × 180 = 36 m/s
v = 36m/s
s = ut + 1/2 at² = 0 + 1/2 × 0.2 × (180)²
= 0.1 × 32400 = 3240 m
s = 3240m

Question 3.
A train is travelling at a speed of 90 kmh^-1. Brakes are applied so as to produce a uniform acceleration of-0.5 ms^-2, find how far the train will go before it is brought to rest.
Answer:
Initial velocity of train (u) = 90 km/h = \(\frac{90,000 \mathrm{~m}}{3,600 \mathrm{sec}}=25 \mathrm{~ms}^{-1}\)
Final velocity (v) = 0 ms^-1
Acceleration (a) = – 0.5 ms^-2
v² = u²+ 2as
s = (v² – u²) / 2a = (0² – 25²) / -(2 × 0.5)
s = -625/-1 = 625m
s = 625m

Question 4.
In a long-distance race the athletes were expected to take four rounds of the track such that the line of finish was same as the line of start. Suppose the length of the track was 300m,

(i) What is the total distance to be covered by the athletes?
What is the total displacement of the athletes when they touch the finish line?
(iii) Is the motion of the athletes uniform or non- D .^starting point uniform?
(iv) Is the displacement & distance moved by an athlete at the end of the race equal?
Answer:
(i) Total distance covered = 4 × 300 = 1200 m
(ii) Displacement = 0 [final position – initial position]
(iii) Non – uniform.
∵ the direction of motion is changing while running on the track.
(iv) Both are not equal.

Question 5.
Ram swims in a 80m long swimming pool. He covers 160m in 1 min by swimming from one end to the other and back along the same straight pattern. Find the average speed and average velocity.
Answer:
Total distance = 160m
Total displacement = 0
Time taken (t) = 1 min = 60s

Question 6.
Abus from Chennai travels to Trichy passes loo km, 160 km at 10.15 am, 11.15 am respectively. Find the average speed of the bus during 10.15 – 11.15 am.
Answer:
The distance coveredbetween 10.l5am& 11.15 am = 160 – 100
= 60km
The time interval = 1 h
Average speed = 60/1
= 60km/h

Question 7.
In a distance-time graph of two objects A & B, which object is moving with greater speed when both are moving?
Answer:
Object B makes a longer angle with the time – axis. Its slope is greater than the slope of object A. Thus the speed of B is greater than that of A.

Question 8.
Find the distance covered by a particle during the time interval which the speed-time graph is-shown in figure.
Answer:

Distance covered in the. time interval 0 to 20s is equal to the area of the triangle OAB.
Area of A OAB. \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × base × height
\(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × 20 x 20 = 200 ms^-1

Question 9.
A car moves 30 km in 30 min and the next 30 km in 40 min. Calculate the average speed for the entire journey.
Answer:
Answer:
Total time taken = 30 + 40 = 70 min. = \(\frac { 70 }{ 60 }\) hour
Total distance = 30 + 30 = 60 km

Question 10.
A boy travels a distance of 3m due east and then 4m due north.
(a) How much is the total distance covered?
(b) What is the magnitude of the displacement?
Answer:

(a) Total distance covered = 3 + 4 = 7m
(b) Net displacement: OB² = OA² + AB²
= 3² + 4²
OB² = 25m²
∴OB = 5m 0 3m
Net displacement = 5m

Question 11.
During an experiment, a signal from a spaceship reached the ground station in five seconds. What was the distance of the spaceship from the ground station? The signal
travels at the speed of light that is 3 × 10⁸ ms^-1
Answer:
Time taken = 5 seconds.
Speed of signal u = 3 × 10⁸ m/s ?
Distance = ?
Speed = Distance / Time
∴ Distance = Speed × Time
Distance = 3 × 10⁸ × 5 = 15 × 10⁸ m.

Question 12.
A train travelling at a speed of 90kmph. Brakes are applied so as to produce a uniform acceleration of -0.5 ms-2. Find how far the train will go before it is brought to rest?
Answer:
Here we have
Initial velocity , u = 90km/h
\(=\frac{90 \times 1000 \mathrm{~m}}{60 \times 60 \mathrm{~s}}=25 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}\)
Final velocity, v = 0
Acceleration, a = -0.5m/s²
Thus, distance travelled = ?
We know that, v² = u² + 2as

Question 13.
The adjacent diagram shows the velocity-time graph of the body.
a) During what time interval is the motion of the body accelerated?
Answer:
At 0 to 4 second

b) Find the acceleration in the time Interval mentioned in part ‘a’.
Answer:
\(\mathrm{a}=\frac{v-u}{t}=\frac{30-0}{4}=7.5 \mathrm{~m} / \mathrm{s}^{2}\)

c) What is the distance travelled by the body in the time interval mentioned ¡n part ‘a’?
Answer:Distance travelled Area under the graph
= Area of the triangle = 1/2 bh
= 1/2 × 4 × 30 = 60m

Question 14.
The following graph shows the motion of a car. What do you infer from the graph along with OA and AB? What is the speed of the car along with AB and what time it reached this speed?
a) What do you infer from the graph along OÄ and AB
Answer:
Graph along with OA: The car travels with uniform acceleration and uniform motion.
Graph along with AB : The car travels with constant speed and unaccelerated motion.

b) What is the speed of the car along AB?
Answer:
Along AB : The speed of the car is constant.
From the graph, it seems the speed along AB is 72 km/hr.

c) What time it reached this speed
Answer:
It reaches this speed after 3.2 hours, that is, 3 hours, 12 minutes.

Question 15.
From the following table, check the shape of the graph.

Answer:

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Guide Pdf Chapter 3 Trigonometry Ex 3.6 Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry Ex 3.6

Question 1.
Express each of the following as a sum or difference.
(i) sin 35°. cos 28°
(ii) sin 4x cos 2x
(iii) 2 sin 10θ . cos 2θ
(iv) cos 5θ . cos 2θ
(v) sin 5θ . sin 4θ
Answer:
(i) sin 35°. cos 28°
We know
sin A cos B = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) [sin (A + B) + sin (A – B)]
Take A = 35° and B = 28°
sin 35°cos 28° = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)[sin(35° + 28°) + sin(35° – 28°)]
sin 350 cos 28° = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)[sin 63° + sin 7°]

(ii) sin 4x cos 2x
We know
sin A cos B = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) [sin (A + B) + sin (A – B )]
Take A = 4x , B = 2x
sin 4x . cos 2x = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)[sin(4x + 2x) + sin(4x – 2x)]
sin 4x . cos 2x = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)[sin 6x + sin 2x]

(iii) 2 sin 10θ . cos 2θ
We know
2 sin A cos B = sin (A + B) + sin (A – B)
Take A = 10θ, B = 2θ
2 sin 10θ . cos 2θ = sin (10θ + 2θ) + sin (10θ – 2θ)
2 sin 10θ. cos 2θ = sin 12 θ + sin 8θ
2 sin 10θ . cos 2θ = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)[sin 12θ + sin 8θ]

(iv) cos 5θ . cos 2θ
We know .
cosA cosB = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) [cos (A + B) + cos (A – B)]
Take A = 5θ, B = 2θ
cos 5θ . cos 2θ = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) [cos (5θ + 2θ) + cos(5θ – 2θ)]
cos 5θ . cos 2θ = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) [cos 7θ + cos 3θ]

(v) sin 5θ . sin 4θ
we know
sin A sin B = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) [cos (A – B) – cos (A + B)]
Take A = 5θ, B = 4θ
sin 5θ . sin 4θ = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) [cos (5θ – 4θ) – cos (5θ + 4θ)]
sin 5θ . sin 4θ = \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) [cos θ – cos 9θ]

Question 2.
Express each of the following as a product.
(i) sin 75° sin 35°
(ii) cos 65° + cos 15°
(iii) sin 50° + sin 40°
(iv) cos 35° – cos 75°
Answer:
(i) sin 75° sin 35°

(ii) cos 65° + cos 15°

(iii) sin 50° + sin 40°
We know

(iv) cos 35° – cos 75°
We know

Question 3.
Show that sin 12° . sin 48° . sin 54° = \(\frac{1}{8}\)
Answer:
sin 12° . sin 48° . sin 54° = sin 48° . sin 12°. sin (90° – 36°)
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) [cos (48° – 12°) – cos (48° + 12°)] cos 36°
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) [cos 36° – cos 6o°] cos 36°
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) [cos 36° – \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)] cos 36°
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) [cos²36° – \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) cos 36°]

Question 4.
Show that

Answer:

Question 5.
Show that

Answer:

Question 6.
Show that

Answer:

Question 7.
Prove that sin x + sin 2x + sin 3x = sin 2x (1 + 2 cos x)
Answer:
sin x + sin 2x + sin 3x = sin x + 2 sin x cos x + 3 sin x – 4 sin³ x
= sin x [1 + 2 cos x + 3 – 4 sin² x]
= sin x [2 cos x + 4 – 4 sin² x ]
= sin x [2 cosx + 4(1 – sin²x)]
= sin x [2 cos x + 4 cos²x]
= 2 sin x cos x [1 + 2 cos x]
= sin 2x (1 + 2 cosx)

Question 8.
Prove that

Answer:

Question 9.
Prove that 1 + cos 2x + cos 4x + cos 6x = 4 cos x . cos 2x . cos 3x
Answer:
4 cos x cos 2x . cos 3x = 4 cos x . cos 3x . cos 2x = 4 cos x . [cos (3x + 2x) + cos (3x – 2x)]
2 cos x. [cos 5x + cos x] = 2 cos 5x . cos x + 2 cos² x
= 2 × \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) [cos (5x + x) + cos (5x – x)] + 1 + cos 2x
= cos 6x + cos 4x + 1 + cos 2x
= 1 + cos 2x + cos 4x + cos 6x

Question 10.
Prove that

Answer:

Question 11.
Prove that cos (30°- A) cos (30° + A) + cos (45° – A). cos(45° + A) = cos 2A + \(\frac { 1 }{ 4 }\)
Answer:
cos(30° – A) cos(30° + A) + cos(45° – A) . cos(45° + A)
= cos (30° + A) cos (30°- A) + cos (45° + A) cos (45° – A)
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) [cos (30° + A + 30° – A) + cos ( 30° + A – (30° + A ))] + \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) [cos (45° + A + 45° – A) + cos (45° + A – (450 + A))
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) [cos 60° + cos (30° + A – 30° + A)] + \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)[cos 90° + cos(45° + A – 45° + A)]
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)[cos 60° + cos 2A] + \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\)[cos 90° + 2A]
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) cos 60° + \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) cos 2A + \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) cos 90° + \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) cos 2A
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) + cos 2A + \(\frac { 1 }{ 2 }\) × o
= \(\frac { 1 }{ 4 }\) + cos 2A

Question 12.
Show that

Answer:

Question 13.
Prove that

Answer:

Question 14.
Show that cot (A + 15°) – tan (A – 15°) = \(\frac{4 \cos 2 A}{1+2 \sin 2 A}\)
Answer:

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Guide Pdf Chapter 1 Measurement Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Solutions Chapter 1 Measurement

9th Science Guide Measurement Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer :

Question 1.
Choose the correct one.
(a) mm < cm < m < km
(b) mm > cm > m > km
(c) km < m < cm < mm
d) mm > m > cm > km
Answer :
(a) mm < cm < m < km

Question 2.
Rulers, measuring tapes and metre scales are used to measure
(a) mass
(b) weight
(c) time
(d) length
Answer:
(d) length

Question 3.
1 metric ton is equal to
(a) 100 quintals
(b) 10 quintals
(c) 1/10 quintals
(d) 1/100 quintals
Answer :
(b) 10 quintals

Question 4.
Which among the following is not a device to measure mass?
(a) Spring balance
(b) Beam balance
(c) Physical balance
(d) Digital balance
Answer :
(a) Spring balance

II. Fill in the blanks :

1. Metre is the unit of …………..
Answer :
length

2. 1 kg of rice is weighed by ……………
Answer :
beam balance

3. Thickness of a cricket ball is measured by ……………..
Answer :
vernier caliper

4. Radius of a thin wire is measured by …………………
Answer :
screw gauge

5. A physical balance measures small differences in mass up to ……………….
Answer :
1mg or less

III. State whether true or false. If false, correct the statement :

1. The SI unit of electric current is kilogram.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: The SI unit of electric current is ampere.

2. Kilometre is one of the SI units of measurement.
Answer:
True.

3. In everyday life, we use the term weight instead of mass.
Answer:
True.

4. A physical balance is more sensitive than a beam balance.
Answer:
True.

5. One Celsius degree is an interval of IK and zero degree Celsius is 273.15 K.
Answer:
True.

6 . With the help of vernier caliper we can have an accuracy of 0.1 mm and with screw gauge we can have an accuracy of 0.01 mm.
Answer:
True.

IV. Match the following:

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

V. Assertion and reason type :

Mark the correct answer as :
(a) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct reason.
(b) Both A and R are true and R is the correct reason.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true

Question 1.
Assertion (A) : The scientifically correct expression is “The mass of the bag is 10 kg”
Reason (R) : In everyday life, we use the term weight instead of mass.
Answer :
(a) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct reason

Question 2.
Assertion (A) : 0° C = 273.16 K. For our convenience we take it as 273K after rounding off the decimal.
Reason (R) : To convert a temperature on the Celsius scale we have to add 273 to the given temperature.
Answer :
(b) Both A and R are true and R is the correct reason

Question 3.
Assertion (A) : Distance between two celestial bodies is measured in terms of light year.
Reason (R) : The distance travelled by the light in one year is one light year.
Answer:
(d) A is false but R is true
Distance between two celestial bodies is measured in terms of unit.

VI. Answer very briefly.

Question 1.
Define measurement.
Answer :
Measurement is the process of comparison of the given physical quantity with the known standard quantity of the same nature.

Question 2.
Define a standard unit.
Answer:
Unit is the quantity of a constant magnitude which is used to measure the magnitudes of other quantities of the same nature.

Question 3.
What is the full form of SI system?
Answer:
The full form of S.I. system is the International System of Units.

Question 4.
Define least count of any device.
Answer:
Least count is the least measurement possible in a given device.
It is the distance moved by the tip of the screw for a rotation of one division on the head scale.
Least count = [Pitch / No. of head scale divisions]

Question 5.
What do you know about pitch of screw gauge?
Answer:
Pitch of the screw gauge is the distance between two successive screw threads. It is measured by the ratio of distance travelled on the pitch scale to the number of rotations of the head scale.

Question 6.
Can you find the diameter of a thin wire of length 2 m using the ruler from your instrument box?
Answer:
No, I can not find the diameter of a thin wire of length 2 m using the ruler.

VII. Answer briefly :

Question 1.
Write the rules that are followed in writing the symbols of units in SI system.
Answer:

•  The units named after scientists are not written with a capital initial letter.
  E.g. newton, henry, ampere, and watt.
• The symbols of the units named after scientists should be written by the initial capital letter.
  E.g. N for newton, H for Henry, A for ampere, and W for watt.
• Small letters are used as symbols for units not derived from a proper noun.
  E.g. m for metre, kg for kilogram.
•  No lull stop or other punctuation marks should be used within or at the end of symbols.
  E.g. 50 m and not as 50 m.
•  The symbols of the units are not expressed in plural form.
  E.g. 10 kg not as kgs.

Question 2.
Write the need of a standard unit.
Answer:
A Standard Unit is needed to maintain uniformity in measurements like length, weight, size and distance. Eg: Standard Unit of length is metre.

Question 3.
Differentiate mass and weight.
Answer:
Mass:

1.  Fundamental quantity
2.  Has magnitude alone – scalar quantity
3.  It is the amount of matter contained in a body
4.  Remains the same
5.  It is measured using physical balance
6.  Its unit is kilogram

Weight:

1.  Derived quantity
2.  Has magnitude and direction – vector quantity
3.  It is the normal force exerted by the surface on the object against gravitational pull
4.  Varies from place to place
5.  It is measured using spring balance
6.  Its unit is newton

Question 4.
How will you measure the least count of vernier caliper?
Answer:
The least count of Vernier Caliper is the ratio of the value of one smallest main scale division to total
a number of Vernier scale divisions.
i.e., L.C. = 0.1mm = 0.01cm
(or) L.C. = 1MD – 1VSD = 1.0 mm – 0.9 mm = 0. 1mm = 0.01 cm

VIII. Answer in detail :

Question 1.
Explain a method to find the thickness of a hollow teacup.
Answer:
Step 1 : The Pitch, Least count and the type of zero error of the screw gauge are determined.
Step 2 : The given cup is placed in between two studs.
Step 3 : The head screw using the ratchet arrangement is freely rotated until the given cup is held firmly, but not tightly.
Step 4 : Pitch scale reading (PSR) by the head scale and head scale coincidence (HSC) with the axis of the pitch scale, are found.
Step 5 : The readings are recorded and the experiment for different positions of the given cup is repeated.
Step 6 : The thickness of the cup is calculated using the formula P.S.R + (HSC × L.C)
Step 7 : Then the average of the last column of the table, is found. Hence the thickness of a hollow tea cup = ………….. mm.

Question 2.
How will you find the thickness of a one rupee coin?
Answer:
Step 1 : The Pitch, Least count and the type of zero error of the screw gauge are determined.
Step 2 : The given coin is placed in between two studs.
Step 3 : The head screw using the ratchat arrangement is freely rotated until given one rupee coin is held firmly, but not tightly.
Step 4 : Pitch scale reading (PSR) by the head scale and head scale coincidence (HSC) with are axis of the pitch scale are found.
Step 5 : The reading are recorded and the experiment for different positions of the given coin is repeated.
Step 6 : The thickness of the coin is computed using the formula P.S.R + (HSC x L.C )
Step 7 : Then the average of the last column of the table is found.

mean = …………….. mm
Hence the thickness of a one rupee coin = ……………….. mm

IX. Numerical Problems :

Question 1.
Inian and Ezhilan argue about the light year. Inian tells that it is 9.46 x 10¹⁵m and Ezhilan argues that it is 9.46 x 1012 km. Who is right? Justify your answer.
Answer:
(Inian is correct)
Light travels 3 × 10⁸m in one second or 3 Lakhs kilometre in one second.
In one year we have 365 days.
The total number of second in one year is equal to 365 x 24 x 60 x 60
Distance travelled by light in 1 year = (3.153 x 10⁷) x (3 x 10⁸)
= 9.46 x 10¹⁵m

Question 2.
The main scale reading while measuring the thickness of a rubber ball using Vernier caliper is 7 cm and the Vernier scale coincidence is 6. Find the radius of the ball.
Answer:
MSR = 7 cm
VC = 6cm
LC = 0.1mm = 0.1cm
Diameter = DR = MSR + (VC X LC)
= 7 + 0.06 cm
Diameter D = 7.06 cm
Radius R = \(\frac{D}{2}=\frac{7.06}{2}\) = 0.035 m
The radius of the ball = 0.0353 m.

Question 3.
Find the thickness of a five rupee coin with the screw gauge, if the pitch scale reading is 1 mm and its head scale coincidence is 68.
Answer:
PSR = 1 mm = 1 x 10^-3m
HSC = 68
LC = 0.01 mm =0.01 × 10^-3m
Total reading = PSR + (HSC × LC)
∴Thickness of the five rupee coin = 1 × 10^-3 + (68 × 0.01 × 10^-3 )m
∴ Thickness of the five rupee coin = 1.68 × 10^-3m = 1.68mm

Question 4.
Find the mass of an object weighing 98 N.
Answer:
W = mg
W =98 N
g = 9.8 m/s²
m = \(\frac{\mathrm{W}}{\mathrm{g}}=\frac{98}{9.8}\) = 10 kg

Intext Activities

ACTIVITY – 1

Using Vernier caliper find the outer diameter of your pen cap.

Aim : To find the outer diameter of the pen cap.
Materials required : Vernier caliper, pen cap.
Answer:

Result: The outer diameter of the pen cap = 9.35 cm
[End of the activity]

ACTIVITY – 2

Determine the thickness of a single sheet of your science textbook with the help of a Screw gauge.

LC = Least Count
PSR = Pitch Scale Reading
HSC = Head Scale Coincidence
HSR = Head Scale Reading
TR = Total Reading
Result : The thickness of the single sheet = 0.30
End of the activity

9th Science Guide Measurement Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer :

Question 1.
Length is ……………….
(a) The amount of matter in an object
(b) The amount of space an object takes up.
(c) The distance between two points.
(d) The amount of stuff in an object
Answer:
(c) The distance between two points

Question 2.
Mass is ………………….
(a) The distance between two points
(b) The distance between three points
(c) The amount of matter contained in an object
(d) The amount of space an object occupies.
Answer:
(c)The amount of matter contained in an object

Question 3.
Unit used to measure length
(a) metre
(b) litre
(c) gram
(d) cubic metre (m³)
Answer:
(a) metre

Question 4.
Unit which is used to measure mass
(a) ml
(b) 1
(c) cm
(d) gram
Answer:
(d) gram

Question 5.
How many metres are there in 1 nanometer?
(a) 10^-10m
(b) 10^-9m
(c) 10⁹m
(d) 10¹⁰m
Answer:
(b) 10^-9m

Question 6.
What unit will you use to measure the length of our classroom?
(a) km
(b) m
(c) cm
(d) mm
Answer :
(b) m

Question 7.
The Kelvin is the basic unit of ………………..
(a) temperature
(b) mass
(c) length
(d) volume
Answer :
(a) temperature

Question 8.
……………….consists of ‘U’ shape metal frame
(a) Screw gauge
(b) Vernier caliper
(c) Beam balance
(d) Spring balance
Answer :
(a) screw gauge

Question 9.
Least count of a vernier caliper is ……………. cm.
(a) 1
(b) 0.1
C) 0.01
(d) 0.001
Answer:
(c) 0.01

Question 10.
If no object is placed on the hook, then the pointer of the spring balance reads ………………….
(a) 3
(b) 2
(c) 1
(d) 0
Answer :
(d) 0

Question 11.
SI unit of mass and weights are ………………….
(a) kg, N
(b) N, kg
(c) K, N
(d) N, K
Answer:
(a) kg, N

Question 12.
Units named after scientists …………………..
(a) lowercase
(b) upper case
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) neither (a) or (b)
Answer:
(a) lower case

Question 13.
An instrument that is used to measure the diameter of a cricket ball is ………………….
(a) Screw gauge
(b) Meter scale
(c) Vernier caliper .
(d) Spring balance
Answer:
(a) Vernier caliper

Question 14.
Distance between Chennai and Kanyakumari can be found in
(a) Kilometres
(b) Metres
(c) Centimetres
(d) Millimetres.
Answer:
(a) Kilometres

II. Fill in the blanks :

1. The precision of vernier calipers is ……………. mm.
Answer:
(a) 0.1mm

2. The gravity accelerates an object, the distance fallen is proportional to …………………
Answer:
time squared

3. SI unit of electric current is ………………
Answer:
ampere

4. Larger unit for measuring time is ………………..
Answer:
millennium

5. The value of an astronomical unit is ……………………
Answer:
1.496 x 10¹¹

6. Mass is a …………….. quantity.
Answer:
scalar

III. State whether true or false. If false, correct the statement:

1. The precision of screw gauge is 0.001 cm.
Answer:
True.

2. The unit of amount of substance is candela
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: The unit of amount of substance is mole.

3. The symbol for the units derived from the names of scientists are written in capital letter
Answer:
True.

4. Yard was used as the unit of length.
Answer:
True

5. Micron is also known as micro-metre
Answer:
True

6. A vemier caliper using the scale invented by Galileo.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: A vernier caliper using the scale invented by Pierre Vernier.

7. The SI unit of mass is kg.
Answer:
True.

8. Weight has both magnitude and direction.
Answer:
True.

IV. Match the following:

Question 1.

Answer:

Question 2.

Answer:

Question 3.

Answer:

Question 4.

Answer:

Question 5.

Answer:

Question 6.

Answer:

V. Assertion and reason type :

Question 1.
Assertion (A) : Light year and wave length both measure distance
Reason (R) : Both have dimensions of time.
(a) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Answer :
(c) A is true but R is false

Question 2.
Assertion (A) : Density is a derived physical quantity
Reason (R) : Density cannot be derived from the fundamental physical quantities.
(a) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true and,R-is the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false. .
(d) A is false but R is true.
Answer :
(c) A is true but R is false
Correct statement: Density can be derived from mass and volume.

Question 3.
Assertion (A) : Mass, Length and Time are fundamental physical quantities.
Reason (R) : They are independent of each other.
(a) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct explanation of A.
(b) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Answer :
b) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A

Question 4.
Assertion (A) : The SI system of units is the improved system of units for measurement.
Reason (R) : The SI unit of mass is kilogram.
(a) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct reason.
(b) Both A and R are true and R is the correct reason.
(c) A is true but R is false.
(d) A is false but R is true.
Answer :
(b) Both A and R are true and R is the correct reason

Question 5.
Assertion (A) : The skill of estimation is important for all of us in our daily life.
Reason (R) : The skill of estimation reduces our consumption of time.
a) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct reason.
b) Both A and R are true and R is the correct reason.
c) A is true but R is false. ,
d) A is false but R is true.
Answer :
(b) Both A and R are true and R is the correct reason

VI. Comprehensive type :

(a) The speed of a body gives us an idea of how slow or fast that a body is moving. Speed of a body is the distance travelled by it per unit time. The SI unit of speed is metre per second. It is a scalar quantity. The speed of a running cab at any instant of time is shown by an instrument called, ’speedometer’ and the distance travelled by a car is measured by another instrument called, ‘odometer’.

Question 1.
Which the following is not a correct unit of speed?
(a) cm/s
(b) m/s
(e) km/h
(d) km/s.
Answer :
(d) km/s

Question 2.
If the distance travelled by the cab in 3 hours is 120 km, then its speed will be
(a) 40 m/s
(b) 40 km/s
(c) 40 km/h
(d) 40 km/min
Answer :
(c) 40 km/h

Question 3.
The formula for finding the speed of the cab is
(a) Distance = speed x time
(b) velocity = distance x time
(c) time = distance x velocity
(d) None of these.
Answer:
(a) Distance = speed x time

(b) Read the passage and answer the questions given below.

Mass is the amount of matter contained in an object. Measurement of mass helps us to distinguish between lighter and a heavier body. Beam-Balance, spring balance and electronic balance are used to measure mass of different objects. The SI unit of mass is kilogram (kg). But different units are Used to measure the mass of different objects depending upon their weight, e.g. weight (mass) of a tablet is measured in milligrams (mg), weight of a student is measured in kilogram (kg), and weight of a truck with goods is measured in metric tons. 1 metric ton is equal to 10 quintals and 1 quintal is equal to 100 kg. 1 gram is equal to 1000 mg.

Question 1.
The value of 1 metric ton is equal to
(a) 1000 kg
(b) 10 quintals
(c) 1000,000 g
(d) 100 kg
Answer :
(a) 1000 kg (or) (b) 10 quintals

Question 2.
How will you measure weight of a tablet?
(a) kg
(b) g
(c) mg
(d) none of these.
Answer:
(c) mg

VII. Answer very briefly :

Question 1.
Write the units which are used to measure long distances.
Answer:
km, AU, light-year, parsec.

Question 2.
Define Astronomical unit.
Answer:
AU is defined as the average distance between the earth and the sun.
1 AU = 1.496 × 10¹¹m.

Question 3.
Define the light year.
Answer:
The distance travelled by light in one year in vacuum. 1 light-year = 9.46 × 10¹⁵m.

Question 4.
Convert the temperature from Fahrenheit into Celsius & Kelvin.
Answer:

Question 5.
Convert 100°C into Kelvin.
Answer:
100 + 273 = 373 K. ie. °C + 273

Question 6.
Convert 112°F into K.
Answer:

Question 7.
Write the principle of screw gauge.
Answer:

• When a screw is rotated in a nut, the distance moved by the tip of the screw is directly proportional to the number of rotations given.
• Hence the principle of the screw is considered as the principle of screw gauge.

Question 8.
What are the kinds of units?
Answer:

1. Fundamental or basic units
2. Derived units

Question 9.
Give some examples of fundamental units.
Answer:
The examples of fundamental units are kg for mass,m for length, s for time.

Question 10.
Give some examples of derived units.
Answer:
The units of area, volume, density.

Question 11.
What is the standard unit of weight?
Answer:
Newton is the standard unit of weight.

Question 12.
What is the standard unit of mass?
Answer:
kilogram is the standard unit of mass.

Question 13.
Define Mass.
Answer:
Mass is the amount of matter contained in a body.

Question 14.
Define Weight.
Answer:
The force with which the earth attracts a body towards its center is called weight.

Question 15.
What is the SI unit of temperature?
Answer:
Kelvin is the SI unit of temperature.

Question 16.
What is the measuring unit of the thickness of a plastic carry bag?
Answer:
1 micron = 10^-6m (or) μm.

VIII. Answer briefly :

Question 1.
Write temperature conversion.
Answer:
Temperature Conversion (Exact)

Question 2.
Write about the positive zero error in screw gauge instrument.
Answer:
When the plane surface of the screw and the opposite plane stud on the frame are brought into contact, if the zero of the head scale lies below the pitch scale axis, the zero error is positive. For example, the 5th division of the head scale coincides with the pitch scale axis, then the zero error is positive and is given by Z.E = + (n × LC) where ‘n’ is the head scale coincidence. In this case, Zero error = + (5 × 0.01) = 0.05 mm. So the zero correction is – 0.05 mm

Question 3.
Write SI units for the fundamental quantity.
Answer:

Question 4.
Convert the following units in metre.
Answer:

Question 5.
Draw and mark the parts of vernier caliper
Answer:
PARTS Marked in the Vernier caliper

1. Lower fixed jaw
2. Upper fixed jaw
3. Lower movable jaw
4. Vernier scale
5. Retainer
6. Main scale
7. Depth probe.

IX. Numerical Problems :

Question 1.
A piece of iron of volume 40cm³ whose density is 6.8g/cm³. Find the mass of iron.
Answer:
Given, density of iron, D = 6.8g/cm³
volume of iron, V = 40 cm³
mass of iron, M = V × D [∴ mass = volume × density]

m = 272.0g.

Question 2.
Solve : The mass of 40 apples in a box is 5 kg.
(i) Find the mass of a dozen of them.
(ii) Express the mass of one apple in gram.
Answer:
(i)  40 apple = 5 kg 5000 g
1 apple =\(\frac{500 \not 0}{4 \not \emptyset}\)
1 apple 125 g
∴ 1 dozen 12 apples
12 apples 125 × 12 g
12 apples 1500 g.

(ii)  40 apples = 5000 g

1 apple = \(\frac{5000}{40} \mathrm{~g}\)

1 apple = 125 g
The mass of 1 apple = 125 g

X. Answer in detail :

Question 1.
How will you find Zero Error of the screw gauge?
Answer:
Zero Error of a screw gauge :
When the plane surface of the screw and the opposite plane stud on the frame area brought into contact, if the zero of the head scale coincides with the pitch scale axis there is no zero error.

Positive zero error:
When the plane surface of the screw and the opposite plane stud on the frame are brought into contact, if the zero of the head scale lies below the pitch scale axis, the zero error is positive. For example, the 5th division of the head scale coincides with the pitch scale axis, then the zero error is positive and is given by
Z.E = + (n x LC) where ‘n’ is the head scale coincidence. In this case, Zero error = + (5 x 0.01) = 0.05mm. So the zero correction is -0.05 mm.

Negative zero error:
When the plane surface of the screw and the opposite plane stud on the frame are brought into contact, if the zero of the head scale lies above the pitch scale axis, the zero error is negative. For example, the 95th division coincides with the pitch scale axis, then the zero error is negative and is given by
ZE = -(100-n) × LC
ZE = – (100 – 95) × LC
= -(5 × 0.01)
= – 0.05 mm
The zero correction is + 0.05mm

Question 2.
How will you find Zero Error of Vernier Caliper? Explain.
Answer:
Zero error:

• Unscrew the slider and move it to the left, such that both the jaws touch each other. Check whether the zero marking of the main scale coincides with that of the Vernier scale.
• If they are not coinciding with each other, the instrument is said to posses zero error. Zero error may be positive or negative.
• If the zero mark of the Vernier is shifted to the right, it is called positive error.
• On the other hand, if the Vernier zero is shifted to the left of the main scale zero marking, then the error is negative.

Positive zero error:

• From the figure you can see that zero of the vernier scale is shifted to the right of zero of the main scale.
• In this case the reading will be more than the actual reading.
• Hence, this error should be corrected. In order to correct this error, find out which vernier division is coinciding with any of the main scale divisions.
• Here, fifth vernier division is coinciding with a main scale division.
• So, positive zero error = +5 × LC = +5 × 0.01 = 0.05 cm.
  

Negative zero error:

• You can see that zero of the vernier scale is shifted to the left of the zero of the main scale.
• So, the obtained reading will be less than the actual reading.
• To correct this error we should first find which vernier division is coinciding with any of the main scale divisions, as we found in the previous case.
• In this case, you can see that sixth line is coinciding. But, to find the negative error, we can count backward (from 10).
• So, the 4th line is coinciding. Therefore, negative zero error = -4 x LC = -4 x 0.01 = -0.04 cm.
  

Question 3.
Write short note on the following :
(i) Common balance
(ii) Physical balance Digital balance Spring balance
Answer:
Common (beam) balance :
A beam balance compares the sample mass with a standard reference mass (Standard reference masses are 5g, 10g, 20g, 50g, 100g, 200g, 500g, 1kg, 2kg, 5kg). This balance can measure mass accurately up to 5 g

Physical balance:
This balance is used in labs and is similar to the beam balance but it is a lot more sensitive and can measure mass of an object correct to a milligram.
The standard, reference masses used in this physical balance are 10 mg, 20 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 500 mg, 1 g, 2g, 5 g, 10 g, 20 g, 50 g, 100g, and 200 g.

Digital balance:
Nowadays, for accurate measurements digital balances are used, which measure mass accurately even up to a few milligrams, the least value being 10 mg (Figure 1.11). This electrical device is easy to handle and commonly used in jewellery shops and labs.

Spring balance:
This balance helps us to find the weight of an object. It consists of a spring fixed at one end and a hook attached to a rod at the other end. It works by ‘Hooke’s law’ which states that the addition of weight produces a proportional increase in the length of the spring. A pointer is attached to the rod which slides over a graduated scale on the right. The spring extends according to the weight attached to the hook and the pointer reads the weight of the object on the scale.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 4th English Guide Pdf Term 3 Poem 3 Never Give Up Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 4th English Solutions Term 3 Poem 3 Never Give Up

4th English Guide Never Give Up Book Back Questions and Answers

A. Match the following rhyming words.

Question 1.
Earn – glow
Answer:
earn – learn

Question 2.
Fend – day
Answer:
Fend – end

Question 3.
Slow – learn
Answer:
slow – glow

Question 4.
Play – end
Answer:
Play – day

B. Fill in the blanks.

Question 1.
If the fisher draws his net soon, he won’t get _________ in the net.
Answer:
Any fish

Question 2.
The child won’t __________ anything, if he closes his ears.
Answer:
Have the chance to learn

Question 3.
A person who overcomes problems, will get _________ at the end.
Answer:
The world

Question 4.
Keep moving though your progress is ___________
Answer:
Slow

Question 5.
Work or play, let us ___________
Answer:
Persevere

C. Appreciation questions.

Question 1.
Why should a fisherman wait?
Answer:
A fisherman should wait because he had to get a lot of fish in his net.

Question 2.
Who wins the world at the end?
Answer:
A person who overcomes problems wins the world at the end.

Question 3.
What happen to a child who shuts his ears?
Answer:
The child who shuts his ears cannot have the chance to learn.

Question 4.
Do we worry when the progress is slow?
Answer:
Yes, we worry when the progress is slow.

Question 5.
What should we do for success?
Answer:
We should go on persevering to be successful.

Use “watch” in correct verb form to complete sentences.

Question 1.
We _________ the show.
Answer:
Are watching

Question 2.
You _________ his dance.
Answer:
Are watching

Question 3.
He _________ TV with his friends.
Answer:
Is watching

Question 4.
She __________ her father cook.
Answer:
Is watching

Question 5.
It __________ the sky.
Answer:
Is watching

Question 6.
They _________ the match.
Answer:
Are watching

Say what they are doing now?

Question 1.

She is ____________
Answer:
Skipping

Question 2.

Leema is ____________
Answer:
Singing

Question 3.

Nalini is ___________
Answer:
Walking

Question 4.

Peter is ____________
Answer:
Playing

Question 5.

He is __________
Answer:
Painting

Change the sentence into present continuous tense.

Question 1.
I read the story.
Answer:
I am reading the story.

Question 2.
She plays the piano.
Answer:
She is playing the piano.

Question 3.
Pinku works in a power plant.
Answer:
Pinku is working in a power plant.

Question 4.
Ananthi helps her friend Janu.
Answer:
Ananthi is helping her friend Janu.

Question 5.
They draw picture of a boy.
Answer:
They are drawing picture of a boy.

Complete the story using present continuous tense.

Question 1.
Shaheen : Hello, Varun?
Varun : Tell me Shaheen.
Shaheen : What are you doing?
Varun : I ____________________________
Shaheen : Good. What is your Dad doing?
Varun : He _________________________
Shaheen : Your mom?
Varun : She ________________________
Answer:
Shaheen : Hello, Varun?
Varun : Tell me Shaheen.
Shaheen : What are you doing?
Varun : I am studying.
Shaheen : Good. What is your Dad doing?
Varun : He is cutting the vegetables.
Shaheen : Your mom?
Varun : She is cooking.

Let us listen

Listen to the audio and respond to the following questions.

Question 1.
It is _________ in Canada.
(a) Rainy
(b) Snowy
(c) Foggy
Answer:
(b) Snowy

Question 2.
The weather is sunny in ___________
(a) Mexico
(b) Canada
(c) Japan
Answer:
(a) Mexico

Question 3.
The weather in England is ___________
(a) Cloudy
(b) Cold
(c) Foggy
Answer:
(c) Foggy

Question 4.
The weather is hot in ___________
(a) Australia
(b) France
(c) Russia
Answer:
(a) Australia

Question 5.
It is so cloudy in ____________.
(a) Canada
(b) Japan
(c) Mars
Answer:
(b) Japan

Additional Questions and Answers.

Grammar – Present Continuous Tense

Choose the verbs from the box and use them in the present continuous tense to make meaningful sentences.

Question 1.
The tailor ____________ the clothes.
Answer:
Is stitching

Question 2.
The children ______________ in the play ground.
Answer:
Are playing

Question 3.
My mother ___________ the water bottles.
Answer:
Is filling

Question 4.
The driver ____________ the lorry.
Answer:
Is driving

Question 5.
The birds _____________
Answer:
Are singing.

Question 6.
The birthday girl ____________ a cake.
Answer:
Is cutting

Question 7.
The boy ____________ a bicycle.
Answer:
Is riding

Question 8.
The porter ______________ the luggage.
Answer:
Is carrying

Question 9.
The man ___________ a letter.
Answer:
Is writing

Question 10.
The old woman ____________ the gate.
Answer:
Is closing

Let us speak

Question 1.
A boy and a girl are talking about their holiday.
Answer:

Boy : Hey, there is no school from tomorrow.
Girl : Yeah, it is a holiday. What are you going to do?
Boy : I will first finish my homework, then I will play with my friends all day.
Girl : What will you play?
Boy : I am sure we will race with our cycles and play kabaddi. What are you going to do?
Girl : First, we will go to our village.
Boy : Wow. How will you go?
Girl : We will go by train.
Boy : What else will you do?
Girl : Next, we will visit our temple there and come back. I am waiting to meet all my relatives there.
Boy : What about your homework?
Girl : I will come back and do it in morning.
Boy : Okay. Make sure you have time to finish it. .
Girl : Sure will. See you after the holidays!
Boy : See you!

When you want to talk about things to do in the holiday, you should always ask your friends and get to know more.

Question 1.
Where are you going?
Answer:
I am going to Coimbatore.

Question 2.
What are you going to do?
Answer:
I will travel by bus.

Question 3.
What will you do after that?
Answer:
It takes two hours to reach.

Question 4.
What will you before that?
Answer:
First, I will go to Erode. Then,

Question 5.
When will you go?
Answer:
I will go to Coimbatore.

Question 6.
How will you reach there?
Answer:
I will also go to Kovai Kutralam Water

Question 7.
How long does it take to reach there?
Answer:
Falls

Never Give Up Summary in English and Tamil

The fisher who draws his net soon,
Won’t have any fish to earn.
The child who shuts up his ears soon
Won’t have the chance to learn
One who tackles the huddles to fend
May win the world at the end.
Don’t feel down when you are slow
Keep moving and let your life glow
Let us persevere at work or play,
And never give up all day.

விரைவாய் வலையை இழுக்கும் மீனவருக்கு,
சம்பாதிக்கும் அளவுக்கு மீன்கள் கிடைப்பதில்லை.
தன் காதுகளை விரைவாக மூடிக்கொள்ளும் குழந்தைக்கு
கற்கும் சந்தர்ப்பம் கிட்டாது
நெருக்கமாகக் குவிந்த கூட்டத்தினரிடமிருந்து தன்னை தற்காத்து சமாளிப்பவர்,
இறுதியில் இந்த உலகத்தையே வென்று விடலாம்.
உங்கள் முன்னேற்றம் மெதுவாக இருந்தால் தளராதீர்
நகர்ந்துகொண்டே இருந்து உங்கள் வாழ்வை ஒளிர வையுங்கள்
அது வேலையோ அல்லது விளையாட்டோ விடாமுயற்சியுடன் ஈடுபடுங்கள்
எப்போதும் (தளர்ந்து) விட்டுவிடாதீர்.

Never Give Up Glossary

Chance – opportunity (சந்தர்ப்பம் )
Fend – to defend (தற்காத்து கொள்ளுதல்)
Persevere – put effort continuously (விடாமுயற்சி)
Tackle – deal with (சமாளித்தல்)
Sincere – truthfull (உண்மையாக)

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Guide Pdf Chapter 3 Trigonometry Ex 3.5 Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry Ex 3.5

Question 1.
Find the value of cos 2A , A lies in the first quadrant when
(i) cos A = \(\frac{15}{17}\)
Answer:
we know sin² A + cos² A = 1
sin² A = 1 – cos² A

Since A lies in the first quadrant, sin A is positive
∴ sin A = \(\frac{8}{17}\)
cos 2A = cos² A – sin² A

(ii) sin A = \(\frac{4}{5}\)
Answer:
we know sin² A + cos² A = 1
cos² A = 1 – sin²A


Since A lies in the first quadrant, cos A is positive
∴ cos A = \(\frac{3}{5}\)
cos 2A = cos² A – sin² A

(iii) tan A = \(\frac{16}{63}\)
Answer:

Question 2.
If θ be an acute angle, find
(i) sin \(\left(\frac{\pi}{4}-\frac{\theta}{2}\right)\), when sin θ = \(\frac{1}{25}\)
(ii) cos \(\left(\frac{\pi}{4}+\frac{\theta}{2}\right)\), when sin θ = \(\frac{8}{9}\)
Answer:
(i) sin \(\left(\frac{\pi}{4}-\frac{\theta}{2}\right)\), when sin θ = \(\frac{1}{25}\)

(ii) cos \(\left(\frac{\pi}{4}+\frac{\theta}{2}\right)\), when sin θ = \(\frac{8}{9}\)

Question 3.
If cos θ =\(\frac{1}{2}\left(a+\frac{1}{a}\right)\), show that cos 3θ = \(\frac{1}{2}\left(a^{3}+\frac{1}{a^{3}}\right)\)
Answer:

Question 4.
Prove that
cos 5θ = 16 cos⁵θ – 20 cos³θ + 5 cos θ
Answer:

Question 5.
Prove that sin 4α = 4 tan α \(\frac{1-\tan ^{2} \alpha}{\left(1+\tan ^{2} \alpha\right)^{2}}\)
Answer:

Question 6.
If A + B = 45°, show that (1 + tan A) (1 + tan B) = 2
Answer:
Given A + B = 45°
tan(A + B) = tan 45°

tan A + tan B = 1 – tan A . tan B —— (1)
(1 + tan A)(1 + tan B) = 1 + tan B + tan A + tan A tan B
= 1 + (tan A + tan B) + tan A tan B
= 1 + 1 – tan A tan B + tan A tan B (By equation (1))
= 2

Question 7.
Prove that (1 + tan 1°) (1 + tan 2°) (1 + tan 3°) …….. (1 + tan 44°) is a multiple of 4.
Answer:
1 + tan 44° = 1 + tan (45° – 1°)

(1 + tan 1°)(1 + tan 44°) = 2
Similarly (1 + tan 2°) (1 + tan 43°) = 2
(1 + tan 3°) (1 + tan 42°) = 2
(1 + tan 22°) (1 + tan 23°) = 2
= (1 + tan 1°) (1 + tan 2°)… (1 + tan 44°) = 2 × 2 × … 22 times
It is a multiple of 4.

Question 8.
Prove that tan \(\left(\frac{\pi}{4}+\theta\right)\) – tan \(\left(\frac{\pi}{4}-\theta\right)\) = 2 tan 2θ
Answer:

Question 9.
Show that

Answer:

Question 10.
prove that (1 + sec 2θ) (1 + sec 4θ) …………….. (1 + sec 2ⁿθ) = tan 2ⁿθ . cot θ.
Answer:

Question 11.
Prove that

Answer:

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Guide Pdf Poem 2 Our Casuarina Tree Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Poem 2 Our Casuarina Tree

12th English Guide Our Casuarina Tree Text Book Back Questions and Answers

Textual Questions:

1. Fill in the blanks choosing the words from the box given and complete the summary of the poem:
(Text Book Page No. 54)

Question 1.
The casuarina tree is tall and strong, with a creeper winding around it like a (1)_______. The tree stands like a (2) ________ with a colourful scarf of flowers. Birds surround the garden and the sweet song of the birds is heard. The poet is delighted to see the casuarina tree through her (3)_______. She sees a grey monkey sitting like a (4) ________ on top of the tree, the cows grazing, and the water lilies (5) ________ in the pond. The poet feels that the tree is dear to her not for its (6) appearance but for the (7) _______ memories of her happy childhood that it brings to her. She strongly believes that (8) _________ communicates with human beings. The poet could communicate with the tree even when she was in a far-off land as she could hear the tree (9) ________ her absence. The poet (10) ________ the tree’s memory to her loved ones, who are not alive. She immortalizes the tree through her poem like the poet Wordsworth who (11)________ the yew tree of Borrowdale in verse. She expresses her wish that the tree should be remembered out of love and not just because it cannot be (12)_______.

Answer:

1. python
2. giant
3. casement
4. statue
5. springing
6. impressive
7. nostalgic
8. nature
9. lamenting
10. consecrates
11. sanctified
12. forgotten

2. Based on your understanding of the poem, answer the following question in one or two sentences each:
(Text Book Page No. 55)

Question a)
What is the creeper compared to? Which tree is referred to here?
Answer:
The creeper is compared to a lady’s love.

Question b)
How does the creeper appear on the tree? Who is the giant here?
Answer:
The creepers appear like a rugged trunk with deep scars. The tree is the giant here.

Question c)
Describe the garden during the night.
Answer:
At night, the garden overflows with an endless melodious song sung by the dark king from the Casuarina Tree when the men are sleeping.

Question d)
How does the poet spend her winter?
Answer:
The poet spends her winter by seeing a gray monkey sitting like a statue on top of the tree and watching the activities of the younger monkey on the tree.

Question e)
Name the bird that sings in the poet’s garden?
Answer:
Nightingale sings in the poet’s garden.

Question f)
Why is the Casuarina tree dear to the poet’s heart?
Answer:
The poet feels that the tree is dear to her not for its impressive appearance but for the nostalgic memories of her happy childhood that it brings.

Question g)
Does nature communicate with human beings?
Answer:
Yes, nature communicates with human beings. William Wordsworth is a strong advocate of this communication.

Question h)
What has Wordsworth sanctified in his poem?
Answer:
The poet Wordsworth has sanctified the yew tree of Borrowdale in verse.

Question i)
To whom does Toru Dutt want to consecrate the tree’s memory?
Answer:
Torn Dutt wants to consecrate the memories of the tree to her loved ones.

Question j)
The casuarina tree will be remembered forever why?
Answer:
Because of the poet’s love for the tree.

3. Read the lines given below and answer the questions that follow: (Text Book Page No. 55)

“A creeper climbs, in whose embraces bound
No other tree could live”.

i) Which tree is referred to in the above lines?
Answer:
Casuarina tree is referred to in the above line.

ii) How does the tree survive the tight hold of the creeper?
Answer:
The tree is so strong that it bears the tight hold of the creeper.

iii) Why does Toru Dutt use the expression ‘a creeper climbs’?
Answer:
A creeper cannot grow without the support of another tree or a pole. While climbing, it tries to sap the energy from the living tree. If the creeper doesn’t climb, it would die without sunlight. So, the poet says the creeper climbs. It twines its body around the tree and keeps climbing.

b) The giant wears the scarf, and flowers are hung to her.
In crimson clusters all the bough among!

i) Who is the giant here?
Answer:
Casuarina tree’ is the giant here.

ii) Why is the scarf colourful?
Answer:
The crimson flowers are bright and colourful in the tree. So the scarf (crimson flower around the tree seems like a scarf) is colourful.

“Fear, trembling Hope, and Death, the Skeleton,
And time the shadow”, and though weak the
verse
That would thy beauty fain, oh, fain rehearse
May love to defend thee from oblivion’s curse.

i) What does the poet mean by the expression ‘May love defend thee from oblivion’s curse’?
Answer:
It means that the tree should be remembered out of love and not just because it cannot be forgotten.

ii) What does the expression ‘fain’ convey?
Answer:
The expression ‘fain’ means eagerness. Here, the poet is very happy and proud to remember the tree which is very dose to her heart.

iii) What does the poet convey through the expression ‘fear, trembling hope’?
Answer:
The poet conveys the deep feeling of her love towards the tree through the expression ‘fear, trembling hope’. The poet hopes that the tree will be remembered forever as the yew trees of Borrowdale immortalized by Wordsworth are still remembered.

Additional Questions:

a) “And oft at nights the garden overflows
with one sweet song that seems to have no close,
Sung darkling from our tree, while men repose”.

i) Hoe does the garden overflow?
Answer:
The garden overflows with sweet songs of the bird from the tree.

ii) When do the birds sing?
Answer:
The birds sing at night while men are taking rest.

b. “When first my casement is wide open thrown
At dawn, My eyes delighted on it rest?

i) What does ‘casement’ mean?
Answer:
Casement means window.

ii) What brings her delight?
Answer:
By seeing the sight of the Casuarina tree, She feels happy and her heart fulfilled. That tree brings her delight.

c. Sometimes and most in winter – on its crest
A gray baboon sits statue-like alone”

i) Who is sitting like a statue?/Where is the baboon sitting?
Answer:
A gray baboon is sitting like a statue. The baboon is sitting on the Casuarina tree.

ii) When does it come to the tree?
Answer:
During winter it comes to the tree.

d. “But not because of its magnificence
Dear is the Casuarinas to my soul
Beneath it, we have played, though the year may roll”,

i) How does the poet hold the Casuarina tree?
Answer:
The poet holds the Casuarina tree so dear, which brings her sweet memories.

ii) Who do ‘we’ refer to?
Answer:
‘We’ refer to the poet Torn Dutt and her siblings and friends.

e. “Unknown, yet well known to the eye of faith!
Ah, I have heard that wail far, far away”

i) Can the poet communicate with the tree?
Answer:
Yes, the poet can communicate with the tree even when she is in a far off land.

4. Explain the following lines with reference to the context:(Text Book Page No. 56)

a) “Dear is the Casuarina to my soul”

Reference :
This line is taken from Poem – “Our Casuarina tree” Poet – “Torn Dutt”
Context:
The poet expresses her great love for the tree.
Explanation:
The poet feels that the tree is dear to her not for its impressive appearance but for the nostalgic memories of her happy childhood that it brings to her

b) It is the tree’s lament, an eerie speech.

Reference:
This line is taken from the Poem – “Our Casuarina Tree”, Poet – “Toru Dutt”
Context:
The poet brings out the great love of trees towards the poet.
Explanation:
The poet could communicate with the tree even when she was in a far off land. She could hear the tree lamenting her absence as there was a strong bond between her and the tree.

c) “Unto thy honor, Tree, beloved of those
who now in blessed sleep for eye repose,”

Reference:
This line is taken from the Poem – “Our Casuarina Tree”, Poet – “Toru Dutt”.
Context:
The poet brings out her honour and respect towards the tree
Explanation:
The poet consecrates the tree’s memory to her loved ones, who are not alive. She honors it with full of love and affection that shows how much the tree is beloved to her.

6. Answer each of the following questions in a paragraph of 100-150 words: (Text Book Page No. 56)

a) Describe the reminiscences of the poet, when she sees the Casuarina tree.
b) How does nature communicate with the poet?
c) The poet immortalizes the tree. Elucidate

Introduction:
The poem is an attempt by the poet to recapture her past and immortalize it.

Appearance and Comparison of the tree:
The tree is presented both as a symbol and as an object of nature where the poet project both time and eternity. The poem is filled with memories of the past and happy childhood days. She remembers her companions how much she loved them and was loved in return. The giant creeper is compared with a huge python. Water lilies are compared with enmassed snow. She loved the tree very much that’s why she noticed everything keenly and carefully.

Lasting impression:
The Poet describes the lasting impression that the tree has left on her mind. She describes the baboon sitting like a statue on the top of the tree while its young ones play on the lower branches. She also describes the sleepy cows moving slowly to their pastures.

Remembrance of the poet:
She links up the tree with the memories of her dead brother, Abju, and her sister, Aru. She feels great pain when she remembers the happy time that she had with them. The Casuarina tree connects her past with her present.

Communication with the tree:
The poet could communicate with the tree even when she was in a far off land as she could hear the tree lamenting her absence. The poet immortalizes the tree through her poem like poet Wordsworth who sanctified the yew tree of Borrowdale in verse.

Conclusion:
She expresses her wish that the tree should be remembered out of love and not just because it cannot be forgotten. Thus it holds a special place in the poetess’ heart.

Listening:

First, read the questions given below, then listen to the poem, read aloud by the teacher, or played on an audio player. Then answer the questions based on your listening of the poem:

Question 1.
The poet was tossing in the bed awake because of ______.
a) he was worried
b) he was struggling to sleep
C) it was day time
d) he was tired
Answer:
b) he was struggling to sleep

Question 2.
The ______ were ‘sparkling as pearls’.
a) moon
b) sun
c) stars
d) meteoroids
Answer:
c) stars

Question 3.
The ______ gave the poet a motherly smile.
a) sun
b) stars
c) moon
d) sky
Answer:
c) moon

Question 4.
________ made the poet’s eyelids droop.
a) nature
b) rosy lips
c) songs
d) tiredness
Answer:
a) nature

Question 5.
_________ is the title of the poem.
a) Wonders
b) Midnight Wonders
c) Nature
d) Midnight dreams
Answer:
b) Midnight Wonders

நமது சவுக்கு மரம்:

கவிஞரைப் பற்றி டோரு டட் (1856-77) ஒரு வங்காளக் கவிஞர். இந்திய துணைக் கண்டத்தைச் சார்ந்த இவர் ஆங்கிலம் மற்றும் பிரெஞ்சு மொழி எழுத்தாளரும் கூட. இவர் அவரது பெற்றோருக்கு மூன்றாவது பெண் குழந்தை. இவரது குடும்பத்தினர் அனைவரும் கல்வியில் சிறந்தவர்களாகவும், புலவர்களாகவும் உள்ளனர். இவளுக்கு ஆங்கிலம் கற்றுத்தர சிறந்த ஆசிரியர்கள் வீட்டிற்கே வரவழைக்கப்பட்டனர். பின் இவளுக்கு ஐரோப்பாவிலும், இங்கிலாந்திலும் நீண்ட நாட்கள் வாழ வாய்ப்பு கிடைத்தது.

இவ்வாறு மேற்கத்திய வாழ்க்கையிலும் கலாச்சாரத்திலும் இருந்தாலும் அவர் ஒரு இந்தியர் என்ற உணர்வு மாறாமல் இருந்தார். “பழம்பெரும் பாடல்கள்” மற்றும் “தலைசிறந்த இந்துஸ்தானியர்” போன்ற பிரபல பாடல்தொகுப்புகளோட “Sheaf Gleaned in French Fields” என்ற தலைப்பில் பிரெஞ்சுக் கவிதைத் தொகுப்பினையும் எழுதியுள்ளார். இவரது கவிதைகளிலேயே சிறந்த எங்கள் சவுக்கு மரம் என்ற இந்த பாடல் இவரது மேலும் பல பாடல்கள் என்ற தொகுப்பில் இடம்பெற்றுள்ளது.

கவிதையைப் பற்றி:

கவிஞர் தன் வீட்டின் முற்றத்தில் வளர்ந்திருக்கும் சவுக்கு மரத்தை பற்றியும் அதன் உருவமைப்பு, வளர்ந்திருக்கும் விதத்தைப் பற்றியும் இந்த கவிதையில் அழகாய் வர்ணிக்கிறார். சவுக்கு மரத்திற்கும் தனக்கும் உள்ள அன்பு பிணைப்பை எடுத்துரைப்பதோடு, அதை பார்க்கும்போதெல்லாம் தன் கடந்த கால குழந்தைப் பருவத்தை நினைவிற்கு கொண்டுவந்ததை நமக்கு இக்கவிதை வழியாக எடுத்துரைக்கிறார்.

அவர் அவ்விடத்தில் இல்லாமல் போனதற்காக அம்மரம் புலம்புவதை அவரால் கேட்க முடிகிறது. அவரின் (மூதாதையரின் நினைவாக அந்த மரத்திற்கு உயிர் கொடுத்து அதை அதிகமாக நேசிக்கிறார். அதைப்பற்றி விரிவாக கீழே காண்போம்.

Our Casuarina Tree Summary in Tamil

தமிழாக்கம் மிகப்பெரிய தழும்புகள் நிறைந்த
முரட்டு உடல் படைத்த மலைப்பாம்பு (சவுக்கு மரம்) ஒன்று சுருண்டு கிடப்பது போல்
விண்மீன்களுடன் சந்திப்பு நிகழ்த்தப்போவது போல்,
ஒரு கொடி ஏறுகின்றது, அதன் தழுவல் பிணைப்பில்
வேறெந்த மரமும் வாழ இயலாது.

ஆனால் கம்பீரமாக அந்த ராட்சசன் (the giant) தாவணி அணிந்திருக்க,
செந்நிற மலர்கள் அம்மரத்தின் கிளையெங்கும் கொத்துக்களாய் பூத்துக் குலுங்க,
அந்நேரம் பறவைகளும் தேனீக்களும் அவற்றை மொய்க்க,
அடிக்கடி இரவில் அந்த தோட்டத்தில் ஓர் இனிய பாடல் நெருக்கமின்றி,
அம்மரத்திலிருந்து மக்கள் உறங்கும்போது பாடப்பட்டது.

மாலை மங்கும் போது எனது பை திறந்த நிலையில் எறியப்பட்டிருப்பதை
முதலில் பார்த்த போது எம்மனதில் மகிழ்ச்சி, சிலசமயம், மழைக்காலத்தில்,
அதன் முகட்டின் மேல் ஒரு சாம்பல் நிறக்குரங்கு சிலைபோல்
தனியே அமர்ந்து சூரிய உதயம் காண,
கீழ் கிளையில் அக்குரங்கின் இளவல் தாவிக் குதித்து விளையாடுகிறது.

அருகிலும் தொலைவிலும் சிட்டுக் குருவிகள் புகழ் பாட
அதன் புல்வெளிகளுக்கு நமது பசுக்கள் படையெடுக்க
அம்மர நிழல் அருகிருந்த பெரிய தண்ணீ ர் தொட்டியில் படர
அவ்வளவு அழகாக அவ்வளவு பெரிதாக – நீர்
அல்லிப் பூக்கள் மலர்ந்து குவிந்திருக்கிறது பனிபோல்.

ஆனால் இம்மரத்தின் மீதான எனது அன்பு
அதன் பிரம்மாண்ட தோற்றத்தினால் அல்ல,
அதனடியில் நாங்கள் விளையாடியிருக்கிறோம்.
வருடங்கள் உருண்டாலும் இனிய உறவுகளே, ஆழமான அன்போடு நேசித்தவர்களே,
உங்களால் தான் இம்மரம் எனது நெருக்கமானது.
உங்கள் உருவங்கள் கலந்து இது மேலெழட்டும் நினைவில்,
கதகதப்பான கண்ணீர் என் கண்களை மறைக்கும் வரை!
இறுதியஞ்சலி போல் என் காதினில் ஒலிப்பது என்னவோ
பாறை நிறை கடற்கரையில் உடையும் கடல் போல்?
இது அம்மரத்தின் ஓலம், ஓர் விந்தை பேச்சு,
ஒருவேளை யாரும் அறியா தீவினை சென்றடைவதற்கோ?

யாருமறியாதது இருந்தும் நம்பிக்கையின் கண்கள் நன்கறிந்தது.
ஆ! நான் அந்த புலம்பலை தொலைவினின்று கேட்டிருக்கிறேன்.
தூரத்து நாடுகளில், பிரான்ஸிலும் இத்தாலியிலும் கடற்கரை ஓரங்களை
நெருங்கும் போதெல்லாம் கேட்டிருக்கிறேன்.
நிலவொளியில் நான் நடந்து செல்லும்போது கேட்டிருக்கிறேன்.
நிலமகள் மயங்கும் வேளையிலும் கேட்டிருக்கிறேன்.
ஒவ்வொரு முறை இந்த பாடல் கேட்கும் போதும் ஓயாமல் நினைவூட்டுகிறது
ஒரு பிரம்மாண்ட உருவத்தை உன் உருவமே,
ஓ மரமே! என் மகிழ்ச்சி தருணத்தில் உன்னைக் காண்கிறேன்,
எனது அன்பு காலநிலையில் என் உள்ளம் காண்பது உன் உருவமே.

ஆகவே நான் ஆர்வமாய் உனக்கொரு சிலை நிறுவுவேன்.
உனது மகிமைக்காக, மரமே! என் உயிருக்கும் மேலான என் அன்புக்குரியவர்கள்
நித்திய இளைப்பாறுதல் பெற்றவர்கள்.
அவர்களது அன்பிற்கும் பாத்திரமான உனக்காக!
பாரோடேலில் (Borrowdale) உள்ள அழிவற்ற மரங்களோடு சேர்த்து நீயும் எண்ணப்படுவாயாக,
என் காலம் முடிந்த பின்னும் உன் வலுவிழந்த கிளையடியில் உலாவுகிறது என் மனது,
“பயம், நடுங்கும் நம்பிக்கை மற்றும் இறப்பு, எலும்புக்கூடு நேர நிழல்,
வலுவற்ற வார்த்தைகளாய் இருந்தாலும் அதுவே அழகானது,
அழகான பாடலானது மறதியின் சாபத்திலிருந்து காக்கப்படும் என் அன்பு”.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 4th English Guide Pdf Term 3 Poem 2 The Painter Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 4th English Solutions Term 3 Poem 2 The Painter

4th English Guide The Painter Book Back Questions and Answers

A. Name the pictures and match it with the rhyming words.

Question 1.
_________  will
Answer:
Hill

Question 2.
________  rush
Answer:
Brush

Question 3.
________  floor
Answer:
Shore

Question 4.
________  dancer
Answer:
Panther

B. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What does she paint?
Answer:
She paints valley and hill.

Question 2.
Does the brush bend to her will?
Answer:
Yes, her brush bends to her will.

Question 3.
How does she move the brush?
Answer:
She moves the brush like a dancer.

I. Answer the following Additional Questions and Answers.

Question 1.
Where does the painter sit while painting?
Answer:
The painter was sitting on the cold mud floor while she was painting.

Question 2.
How does she paint on the canvas?
Answer:
She painted on the canvas by holding the brush in her toes on the leg and moving it gently.

Question 3.
What does she draw?
Answer:
She draws a big black panther.

A) Match the adjective with the appropriate picture.

Question 1.

Answer:
Spicy

Question 2.

Answer:
Fast

Question 3.

Answer:
shady

Question 4.

Answer:
sweet

Question 5.

Answer:
Brave

Question 6.

Answer:
Long

B. Use the picture and the words to write the adjective.

Question 1.
The giraffe is ________.
Answer:
Tall

Question 2.
Its neck is ________.
Answer:
Long

Question 3.
Its eyes are ________.
Answer:
Round

Question 4.
Its skin is ________.
Answer:
Yellow

Question 5.
Its tail is ________.
Answer:
Short

Question 1.
There are ________ birds.
Answer:
Three

Question 2.
The birds feather is very ________.
Answer:
Soft.

Question 3.
The colour of the birds is _________.
Answer:
Blue

Question 4.
It is __________ in size.
Answer:
Small

Question 5.
The babies are ___________.
Answer:
Hungry

C. Use adjectives you think for each of these words. You can write more than one adjectives.

Question 1.
A __________ boy.
Answer:

1. A Clever boy
2. A good boy
3. A fat boy
4. A tall boy

Question 2.
A __________ wind.
Answer:

1. A stormy wind
2. A dusty wind

Question 3.
A ___________ flower.
Answer:

1. A beautiful flower
2. A lovely flower

Question 4.
A __________ friend.
Answer:
A good friend

Question 5.
A ___________ sun.
Answer:

1. A hot sun
2. A bright sun

D. Match each sentence to the correct picture by writing the number in the box.

Question 1.

Answer:

1. A brown and white puppy is having fun.
2. Wild animals are in the thick forest.
3. A cute boy is painting with green colour.
4. A naughty boy is riding horse with his sleepy dog.

Let us speak

Phrases in a dialogue

Question 1.
Borrowing a book from public library.
Answer:

Librarian : How can I help you?
Myself : I couldn’t find the book I was looking for.
Librarian : Did you search the correct shelf?
Myself : Yes. It should have been there, but it isn’t.
Librarian : Someone may have taken it.
Myself : Will you be getting another copy anytime soon?
Librarian : I’m sure we will.
Myself : Would you be able to reserve it for me?
Librarian : I will reserve it.
Myself : Thank you very much.

Phrases in a dialogue Additional Questions and Answers.

Question 1.
Going to a textile shop to buy a dress.
Answer:
Shop keeper : Welcome to our shop.
Myself : I want to buy a dress for myself. Can you help me?
Shop keeper : Sure sir. Do you look for formal wear?
Myself  : Yes sir.
Shop keeper : Can you look in the shelf opposite?
Myself : Thank you! But these cost above my budget.
Shop keeper : Please choose sir; we will offer a discount.
Myself : OK then it is fine.
Shop keeper : You have chosen a good one sir. Shall I make the bill?
Myself : Please do.

Additional Questions

More Adjectives

Underline the adjectives in the sentences and substitute it with another suitable adjective.

Question 1.
His shirt is _________ in colour.
Answer:
Yellow
(Another adjective) – Green

Question 2.
My pillow is ___________ in shape.
Answer:
Round
(Another adjective) – Rectangle

Question 3.
She lives in a __________ house.
Answer:
Big
(Another adjective) – Small

Question 4.
There are __________ birds on the branch.
Answer:
Two
(Another adjective) – Five

Question 5.
She has a __________ complexion.
Answer:
Black
(Another adjective) – Wheatish

Question 6.
The hall is __________ in shape.
Answer:
Rectangle
(Another adjective) – Square

Question 7.
The building occupies a ___________ area of land.
Answer:
Huge
(Another adjective) – Vast

Question 8.
I am __________ years old.
Answer:
ten
(Another adjective) – Nine

Let us listen

Listen to the audio and tick (✓) true or false.

Question 1.
It is a breakable pencil.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
It has double spring mechanism.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
It absorbs the pressure.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
You can’t hold the pencil hard.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
It gives confident and peace of mind.
Answer:
True

The Painter Summary in English and Tamil

Sitting on the cold mud floor,
She paints the valley and hill,
Giving life to the canvas shore,
Sees the brush bend to her will.
Her canvas used to be colourless,
Until she learnt that her brush’s strokes,
Are not always aimless,
The flow of paint never chokes!
She dips her brush,
To draw the big black panther,
Her legs never in a rush,
She moves them like a dancer!

ஈரமான மண் தரையில் அமர்ந்து
அவள் பள்ளத்தாக்கையும், மலையையும் வரைகிறாள்.
ஓவிய துணிக்கு உயிர் கொடுத்தபடி
தூரிகை அவள் விருப்பத்திற்கேற்ப வளைவதைப் பார்க்கிறாள்.!
அவளுடைய ஓவியத்துணி நிறமற்று இருந்தது
அவளது தூரிகை அசைந்து, அசைந்து வண்ண ம்தீட்டுவதை அவள் அறியும் வரை!
அவை எப்போதும் இலக்கு அற்றதாக இருந்ததில்லை
வண்ண வீச்சு ஒருபோதும் தடைப்பட்டதில்லை!
அவள் தூரிகையைத் தோய்க்கிறாள்,
பெரிய கறுப்பு சிறுத்தையை வரைவதற்காக
அவள் கால்கள் எப்போதும் அவசரப்படவில்லை ,
அவள் அவற்றை (கால்களை) ஒரு நடனக்காரியை போல நகர்த்துகிறாள்!

The Painter Glossary

Bend – shape into a curve (வளைவாக வடிவம் அடைதல்)
Bend to her will – moves to her directions (அவள் விரும்பியபடி நகர்தல்)
Chokes – stops (தடைப்படுத்துதல்)
Giving life – making realistic (ஓவியத்திற்கு உயிரூட்டுதல்)
Colourless – without any drawing on it (ஓவியம் வரையப்படாமல்) நிறமற்ற நிலை)
Dip – put something in liquid (ஒரு (வண்ண ) திரவத்தில் எதையாவது தோய்த்தல்)
Never in a rush – always did not hurry (ஒருபோதும் அவசரப்படவில்லை)
Strokes – gentle movement of hand (மென்மையான அசைவுகளுடன் வரைதல்)

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Guide Pdf Chapter 3 Trigonometry Ex 3.1 Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry Ex 3.1

Question 1.
Identify the quadrant in which an angle of each given measure lies,
(i) 25°
(ii) 825°
(iii) – 55°
(iv) 328°
(v) – 230°
Answer:
(i) 25°

25° First quadrant

(ii) 825°

825° = 9 × 90° + 15°
825° = 2 × 360° + 105°
∴ 825° lies in the second quadrant.

iii) -55°

-55° lies in the fourth quadrant

iv) 328°

328° = 270° + 58° lies in the fourth quadrant.

v) -230°

– 230° = – 180° + (- 50°) lies in the second quadrant.

Question 2.
For each given angle, find a co-terminal angle with a measure of 9 such that 0 ≤ θ < 360°.
(i) 395°
(ii) 525°
(iii) 1150°
(iv) – 270°
(v) – 450°
Answer:
(i) 395°
395° = 360° + 35°
395° – 35° = 360°
∴ Coterminal angle for 395° is 35°

(ii) 525°
525° = 360° + 165°
360° – 165° = 360°
∴Coterminal angle for 525° is 165°

(iii) 1150°
1150° = 360° + 360° + 360° + 70°
1150° = 3 × 360° + 70°
1150° – 70° = 3 × 360°
∴ Coterminal angle for 1150° is 70°.

(iv) – 270°
– 270° = 360° + 90°
– 270° – 90° = 360°
∴ Coterminal angle for -270° is 90°

(v) – 450°
– 450° = – 720° + 270°
– 450° – 270° = – 2 × 360°
∴ Coterminal angle for – 450° is 270°

Question 3.
If a cos θ – b sin θ = c , show that a sin θ + b cos θ = ± \(\sqrt{\mathbf{a}^{2}+\mathbf{b}^{2}-\mathbf{c}^{2}}\)
Answer:
a cos θ – b sin θ = c
(a cos θ – b sin θ)² + (a sin θ + b cos θ)² = a² cos² θ – 2 ab sin θ cos θ + b² sin²θ + a² sin² θ + b² cos² θ + 2 ab sin θ cos θ
c² + (a sin 0 + b cos θ )² = a² cos² θ + a² sin² θ + b² sin² θ + b²cos²θ
= a² (cos²θ + sin²θ) + b²(sin²θ + cos²θ)
c² + (a sin θ + b cos θ )2 = a² + b²
(a sin θ + b cos θ)² = a² + b² – c²
a sin θ + b cos θ = ± \(\sqrt{\mathbf{a}^{2}+\mathbf{b}^{2}-\mathbf{c}^{2}}\)

Question 4.
If sin θ + cos θ = m , show that cos⁶ θ + sin⁶ θ = \(\frac{4-3\left(m^{2}-1\right)^{2}}{4}\) where m² ≤ 2.
Answer:
sin θ + cos θ = m
(sin θ + cos θ)² = m²

Question 5.

Answer:

Question 6.

Answer:

Question 7.

Answer:

Question 8.
If tan² θ = 1 – k², show that sec θ + tan³ θ cosec θ = ( 2 – k²)^3/2. Also, find the values of k for which this result holds.
Answer:
tan² θ = 1 – k²
1 + tan² θ = 1 + 1 – k²
sec²θ = (2 – k²)
sec²θ = (2 – k²)^1/2


tan² θ = 1 – k²
When θ = \(\frac{\pi}{2}\), tan \(\frac{\pi}{2}\) = ∞, not defined 2
When θ = 0, tan² 0 = 1 – k²
1 – k² = 0 ⇒ k² = 1 ⇒ k = ± 1
When θ = 45°, tan² 45° = 1 – k²
1 – k² = 1 ⇒ – k² = 0 ⇒ k = 0
When θ > 45°, say θ = 60°
tan² 60° = 1 – k² = (√3)² = 1 – k²
3 = 1 – k² ⇒ k² = 1 – 3 = – 2
∴ θ > 45°, k² is negative ⇒ k is imaginary
∴ k lies between -1 and 1 ⇒ k ∈ [-1 , 1]

Question 9.
If sec θ + tan θ = p, obtain the values of sec θ, tan θ and sin θ in terms of p.
Answer:
Given sec θ + tan θ = p
We have sec² θ – tan² θ = 1
(sec θ + tan θ) (sec θ – tan θ) = 1
p (sec θ – tan θ) = 1
sec θ – tan θ = \(\frac{1}{p}\)
(sec θ – tan θ) + (sec θ – tan θ) = p + \(\frac{1}{p}\)

Question 10.
If cot θ(1 + sin θ) = 4m and cot θ (1 – sin θ) = 4n then prove that (m² – n²)² = mn.
Answer:

Question 11.
If cosec θ – sin θ = a³, sec θ – cos θ = b³ then prove that a²b²(a² + b²) = 1.
Answer:

Question 12.
Eliminate θ from the equations a sec θ – c tan θ = b, b sec θ + d tan θ = c.
Answer: