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Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Guide Pdf Chapter 3 Trigonometry Ex 3.3 Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry Ex 3.3

Question 1.
Find the values of
(i) sin 480°
(ii) sin (-1110°)
(iii) cos 300°
(iv) tan (1050°)
(v) cot 660°
(vi) tan \(\left(\frac{19 \pi}{3}\right)\)
(vii) sin \(\left(\frac{-11 \pi}{3}\right)\)
Answer:
(i) sin(480°) = sin(360° + 120°) = sin 120°
= sin(90° + 30°) = cos 30° = \(\sqrt{3}\)/2

(ii) sin(-1110°) = -sin(1110°)
= – sin (360° × 3 + 30°)
= -sin 30° = -1/2

(iii) cos(300°) = cos(270° + 30°) = sin 30° = 1/2

(iv) tan (1050°)
tan (1050°) = tan(12 × 90 – 30°)
= – tan30° = – \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)

(v) cot 660°
cot 660° = cot (7 × 90 + 30°)
= – tan 30° = – \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)

(vi) tan \(\left(\frac{19 \pi}{3}\right)\)

(vii) sin \(\left(\frac{-11 \pi}{3}\right)\)

Question 2.
\(\left(\frac{5}{7}, \frac{2 \sqrt{6}}{7}\right)\) is a point on the terminal side of an angle θ in standard position. Determine the six trigonometric function values of angle θ.
Answer:
Given \(\left(\frac{5}{7}, \frac{2 \sqrt{6}}{7}\right)\) is a point on the terminal side of an angle θ in standard position.

Question 3.
Find the values of the other five trigonometric functions of the following
(i) cos θ = –\(\frac{1}{2}\), θ lies in the III quadrant
(ii) cos θ = \(\frac{2}{3}\), θ lies in the I quadrant
(iii) sin θ = –\(\frac{2}{3}\), θ lies in the IV quadrant
(iv) tan θ = – 2, θ lies in the II quadrant
(v) sec θ = \(\frac{13}{5}\), θ lies inthe IVquadrant
Answer:
(i) cos θ = –\(\frac{1}{2}\), θ lies in the III quadrant

(ii) cos θ = \(\frac{2}{3}\), θ lies in the I quadrant
We know that cos²θ + sin²θ = 1
\(\left(\frac{2}{3}\right)^{2}\) + sin²θ = 1
\(\frac{4}{9}\) + sin²θ = 1

Since θ lies in the I quadrant all trigonometric functions are positive.

(iii) sin θ = –\(\frac{2}{3}\), θ lies in the IV quadrant
We know that cos²θ + sin²θ = 1
cos²θ + \(\left(-\frac{2}{3}\right)^{2}\) = 1
cos²θ + \(\frac{4}{9}\) = 1

Since θ lies in the fourth quadrant cos θ is positive.

(iv) tan θ = – 2, θ lies in the II quadrant
We know that sec²θ – tan²θ = 1
sec²θ – (-2)² = 1
sec²θ – 4 = 1
sec²θ = 1 + 4 = 5
sec θ = ± √5
Since θ lies in the second quadrant sec θ is negative.

(v) sec θ = \(\frac{13}{5}\), θ lies inthe IVquadrant
We know that sec²θ – tan²θ = 1
\(\left(\frac{13}{5}\right)^{2}\) – tan²θ = 1
\(\frac{169}{25}\) – 1 = tan²θ

Question 4.
Prove that

Answer:

Question 5.
Find all the angles between 0° and 360° which satisfy the equation sin²θ = \(\frac{3}{4}\)
Answer:
sin²θ = \(\frac{3}{4}\) ⇒ sin θ = ± \(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
sin 60° = \(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
sin 120° = sin (180° – 60°)
= sin 60° = \(\frac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\)
∴ θ = 60° and 120°

Question 6.
Show that

Answer:

= sin² 10° + sin² 20° + [cos 20°]² + [cos 10°]²
= sin² 10° + sin² 20° + cos² 20° + cos² 10°
= sin² 10° + cos² 10° + sin² 20° + cos² 20°
= 1 + 1 = 2

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Guide Pdf Chapter 3 Trigonometry Ex 3.2 Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 3 Trigonometry Ex 3.2

Question 1.
Express each of the following in radian measure.
(i) 30°
(ii) 135°
(iii) -205°
(iv) 150°
(v) 330°
Answer:
(i) 30°

(ii) 135°

(iii) – 205°

(iv) 150°

(v) 330°

Question 2.
Find the degree measure corresponding to the following radian measures.
(i) \(\frac{\pi}{3}\)
(ii) \(\frac{\pi}{9}\)
(iii) \(\frac{2 \pi}{5}\)
(iv) \(\frac{7 \pi}{3}\)
(v) \(\frac{10 \pi}{9}\)
Answer:
(i) \(\frac{\pi}{3}\) radians

(ii) \(\frac{\pi}{9}\) radians

(iii) \(\frac{2 \pi}{5}\) radians

(iv) \(\frac{7 \pi}{3}\) radians

(v) \(\frac{10 \pi}{9}\) radians

Question 3.
What must be the radius of a circular running path, around which an athlete must run 5 times in order to describe 1 km?
Answer:
Let the radius of the circular path be = r m.
Length of the circular path s = 1 k. m
s = 1000 m.
Athlete runs 5 times around the path to cover 1 k. m distance
∴ θ = 360° × 5
θ = 360° × 5 × \(\frac{\pi}{180}\) radians
θ = 10 π radians
s = r θ
1000 = r 10 π
r = \(\frac{1000}{10 \pi}\)
r = \(\frac{1000 \times 7}{10 \times 22}=\frac{350}{11}\)
r = 31 .818 meters
Radius of the circular path = 31 .82 meters

Question 4.
In a circle of diameter 40 cm a chord is of length 20 cm. Find the length of the minor arc of the chord.
Answer:

Given Diameter AB = 40 cm
∴ Radius r = 20 cm
Chord CD = 20 cm
O – Centre of the circle
OC = OD = radius = 20 cm.
∴ Triangle OCD is an equilateral triangle.

To find the length of the minor arc CD.
Let s = minor arc CD.
The arc CD subtends 60° at the centre.
θ = 60°
θ = 60° × \(\frac{\pi}{180}\) radians.
θ = \(\frac{\pi}{3}\) radians
We have s = rθ

Question 5.
Find the degree measure of the angle subtended at the centre of the circle of radius 100 cm by an arc of length 22 cm.
Answer:
Given radius r = 100 cm.
Length of arc s = 22 cm.
Angle subtended by the arc at the centre = θ radians

Question 6.
What is the length of the arc intercepted by a central angle of measure 41° in a circle of radius of 10 feet?
Answer:
Central angle subtended by the arc θ = 41°
θ = 41 × \(\frac{\pi}{180}\) Radians
The radius of the circle r = 10 feet
Length of the arc = s
s = rθ

Question 7.
If in two circles, arcs of the same length subtend angles 60° and 75° at the centre, find the ratio of their radii.
Answer:
Let r₁ and r₂ be the radii of the two circles and l be the length of the arc.
Given central angle θ₁ = 60°

Question 8.
The perimeter of a certain sector of a circle is equal to the length of the arc of a semi-circle having the same radius. Express the angle of the sector in degrees, minutes, and seconds.
Answer:
Let OAB be the sector of a circle of radius r.
The angle of the sector is θ.

Perimeter of the sector = OA + arc AB + OB arc AB = rθ
∴ Perimeter of the sector = r + r θ + r
= 2r + rθ
= r(2 + θ) ———- (1)
Length of the arc of the semi – circle of radius
l = nπ ——– (2)
Given that perimeter the circular sector = Length of the arc of the semi circle of radius r
From equations (1) and (2), we have
r(2 + θ) = πr
2 + θ = π
θ = π – 2

Question 9.
An airplane propeller rotates 1000 times per minute. Find the number of degrees that a point on the edge of the propeller will rotate in 1 second.
Answer:
Given An airplane, the propeller rotates 1000 times per minute.
∴ A point on the edge of the propeller also rotates 1000 times in 1 minute.
∴ In 1 minute the point describes 1000 × 2π radians angle at the centre.
In 60 seconds the point describes 1000 × 2π radians angle.
∴ In 1 second the angle described = \(\frac{1000 \times 2 \pi}{60}\) radians

Question 10.
A train is moving on a circular track of a 1500 m radius at the rate of 66 km/hr. What angle will it turn in 20 seconds?
Answer:
Radius of the circular track r = 1500 m.
Speed of the train = 66 km/hr
Let θ be the angle made by the path of train at the centre in 20 seconds.
In 1 hr distance moved by train along the circular path = 66 km
In 60 × 60 seconds distance moved = 66 km
∴ In 20 seconds distance moved s = \(\frac{66}{60 \times 60}\) × 20

Question 11.
A circular metallic plate of radius 8 cm and thickness 6 nuns is melted and molded into a pie (a sector of the circle with thickness) of radius 16 cm and thickness 4 mm. Find the angle of the sector.
Answer:
Radius of the circular metallic plate r = 8 cm
Thickness of the plate h = 6 mm = \(\frac{6}{10}\)
Radius of the Pie l = 16 cm
Thickness of the Pie ( h) = 4mm = \(\frac{4}{10}\) cm
Given volume of the cylinder = Volume of the sector

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Guide Pdf Chapter 4 Electric Charge and Electric Current Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Solutions Chapter 4 Electric Charge and Electric Current

9th Science Guide Electric Charge and Electric Current Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
In current electricity, a positive charge refers to,
(a) presence of electron
(b) presence of proton
(c) absence of electron
(d) absence of proton
Answer:
(c) absence of electron

Question 2.
Rubbing of comb with hair
(a) creates electric charge
(b) transfers electric charge
(c) either (a) or (b)
(d) neither (a) nor (b)
Answer:
(b) transfers electric charge

Question 3.
Electric field lines ……………….. from positive charge and ……………………..in negative charge.
(a) start; start
(b) start; end
(c) start: end
(d) end; end
Answer:
(b) or (c) start, end

Question 4.
Potential near a charge is the measure of its……………to bring a positive charge at that point.
(a) force
(b) ability
(c) tendency
(d) work
Answer:
(d) work

Question 5.
Heating effect of current is called,
(a) Joule heating
(b) Coulomb heating
(c) Voltage heating
(d) Ampere heating
Answer:
(a) Joule heating

Question 6.
In an electrolyte, the current is due to the flow of
(a) electrons
(b) positive ions
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) neither (a) nor (b)
Answer:
(c) both (a) and (b)

Question 7.
Electroplating is an example of
(a) heating effects
(b) chemical effects
(c) flowing effects
(d) magnetic effect
Answer:
(b) chemical effect

Question 8.
Resistance of a wire depends on,
(a) temperature
(e) nature of material
(b) geometry
(d) all the above
Answer:
(d) all the above

II. Match the following

Answer:
1 – c, 2 – e, 3 – d, 4 – a, 5 – b

III. State whether true or false. If false, correct the statement:

1. Electrically neutral means it is either zero or equal positive and negative charges.
Answer:
True.

2. Ammeter is connected in parallel in an electric circuit.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Ammeter is connected in series in an electric circuit.

3. The anode in the electrolyte is negative.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: The anode in the electrolyte is positive.

4. Current can produce the magnetic field.
Answer:
True.

IV. Fill in the blanks :

1. Electrons move from …………….. potential to …………….. potential.
Answer:
lower, higher

2. The direction opposite to the movement of electron is called …………….. current.
Answer:
conventional

3. The e.m.f of a cell is analogues to a pipeline.
Answer:
water pump

4. The domestic electricity in India is an ac with a frequency of Hz.
Answer:
50

V. Conceptual Questions:

Question 1.
A bird sitting on a high power electric line is still safe. How?
Answer:
Birds don’t get shocked when they sit on electrical wires because they are not good conductors of electricity. Electricity flowing through a single power line at 35,000 volts will continue along the path of least resistance and bypass birds because there is no difference in electrical potential.

Question 2.
Does a solar cell always maintain the potential across its terminals constant? Discuss.
Answer:
Solar cell delivers a constant current for any given illumination level, while the voltage is determined by the load resistance. Potential in a solar cell depends on the intensity of solar radiation. Since the intensity of solar radiation is not always constant, the potential across its terminal is also not constant.

Question 3.
Can electroplating be possible with the alternating current?
Answer:
Electroplating is a process where there is a continuous flow of ions for the deposition of copper, which is not possible in an Alternating current. Therefore, electroplating is possible with DC only, for the sake of perfectness and homogeneity of the electroplating.

VI. Answer the following:

Question 1.
On what factors does the electrostatic force between two charges depend?
Answer:
The electrostatic force between two charges depend on the following factors;

• value of charges on them,
  
• distance between them, and
  
• nature of medium between them.

Question 2.
What are the electric lines of force?
Answer:
The lines representing the electric field are called electric lines of force.

Question 3.
Define electric field.
Answer:
The electric lines of force are straight or curved paths along which a unit positive charge tends to move in the electric field.

Question 4.
Define electric current and give its unit.
Answer:
The electric current is defined as the rate of flow of electric charge through any section of a conductor.
Electric current I = Q/t
Its unit is Cs^-1
Its SI unit: ampere (A).

Question 5.
State Ohm’s law.
Answer:
Ohm’s law states that electric potential difference across two points in an electrical circuit is directly proportional to the current passing through it. That is V ~ I
The proportionality constant is the resistance (R) offered between the two points.
Hence, Ohm’s law is written as V = RI (or) V = IR
Where, V is the potential difference in volt (V), I is the current flow in ampere (A), R is the resistance in ohm (Ω)

Question 6.
Name any two appliances which work under the principle of heating effect of current.
Answer:
Electric heating appliances like an iron box, water heater, toaster, etc.

Question 7.
How are the home appliances connected in general, in series or parallel? Give reasons.
Answer:
The home appliances are connected in parallel. This is because, when the appliances are connected in parallel, each of them can be switched on and off independently. This is a feature that is essential in house wiring. Also, if the appliances were wired in series, the potential difference across each appliance would vary depending on the resistance of the appliance.

Question 8.
List the safety features whilehandling electricity.
Answer:
(i) Ground connection: The metal bodies of all the electrical appliances are to be connected to the ground by means of a third wire apart from the two wires used for electrical connection.

(ii) Trip switch: It is an electromechanical device which does not allow a current beyond a particular value by automatically switching off the connection.

(iii) Fuse: A fuse is another safety mechanism which works on the joule heating principle.

VII. Exercises:

Question 1.
Rubbing a comb on hair makes the comb get – 0.4C.
(a) Find which material has lost electron and which one gained it.
(b) Find how many electrons are transferred in this process.
Answer:
a. Comb gained electrons. Dry hair lost an electron
b. No. of electrons transferred = -0.4 C
1 coulomb = 6.25 × 10¹⁸ electron
– 0.4 C = 0.4 × 6.25 × 10¹⁸ electrons
= -2.5 × 10¹⁸ electrons

Question 2.
Calculate the amount of charge that would flow in 2 hours through an element of an electric bulb drawing a current of 2.5A.
Answer:
Current I = 2.5 A
time t = 2 hours = 2 × 3600 seconds
t = 7200 s
Amount of charge Q = I × t = 2.5 × 7200
Q = 18,000

Question 3.
The values of the current (I) flowing through a resistor for various potential differences V across the resistor are given below. What is the value of resistor?

[Hint: plot V-I graph and take slope]
Answer:

Intext Activities

ACTIVITY – 1

Take a condemned electronic circuit board in a TV remote or old mobile phone. Look at the electrical symbols used in the circuit. Find out the meaning of the symbols known to you.


[End of the activity]

ACTIVITY – 2
Cut an arrow shaped strip from aluminium foil. Ensure that the head is a fine point. Keep the arrow shaped foil on a wooden board. Connect a thin pin to two lengths of wire. Connect the wires to the terminals of electric cell, may be of 9V. Press one pin onto the pointed tip and the other pin at a point about one or two mm away. Can you see that the tip of aluminum foil starts melting?

Aim :
To understand the heating effect of electric current.

Materials Required :
Aluminum strip, wooden board, bell pins, cell of 9 V.

Procedure :
Cut an arrow shaped strip from aluminum foil. Keep the arrow shaped foil on a wooden board. Connect a pin to two lengths of wire. Connect the wires to the terminals of electric cell of 9 V. Press one pin onto the pointed tip and another pin at a point about one or two mm away.

Observation :
The tip’of aluminum foil starts melting.

Conclusion :
It starts melting because the electrons while moving in the wire suffer resistance. Work is done to overcome the resistance which is converted into heat energy. This conversion of electrical energy into heating energy is called the heating effect of electric current.

ACTIVITY – 3

Take a beaker half filled with copper sulphate solution. Take a carbon rod from a used dry cell. Wind a wire on its upper end. Take a thick copper wire, clean it well and flatten it with a hammer. Immerse both the copper wire and carbon rod in the copper sulphate solution. Connect the carbon rod to the negative terminal of an electric cell and copper wire to the positive terminal of the cell. Also ensure that the copper and the carbon rod do not touch each other, but are close enough. Wait and watch. After some time you would find fine copper deposited over the carbon rod. This is called as electroplating. This is due to the chemical effect of the current.

Aim:
Electroplating carbon rod with copper.

Materials Required:
Beaker, copper sulphate solution, carbon rod, thick copper wire and hammer.

Procedure :

• Take a beaker half filled with copper sulphate solution.
• Take a carbon rod and wind a wire on its upper end.
• Take a thick copper wire, clean it well and flatten it with a hammer.
• Immerse both the copper wire and carbon rod in the copper sulphate solution.
• Connect the carbon rod to the negative terminal of the cell and copper wire to the positive terminal of the cell.
• Ensure both the rods do not touch each other, but are close enough.
• Observe for some time.

Observation :
After some time, we would find fine copper deposited over the carbon rod.

Conclusion :
When the current passes through the copper sulphate solution, the copper ions migrate from the copper sulphate solution towards the cathode (-ve terminal). These copper ions get deposited on the carbon rod and form a coating of a fine layer on it.

This process of coating a metal over another metal by electrolysis is called electroplating. This is due to the chemical effect of electric current.

9th Science Guide Electric Charge and Electric Current Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
A current of 2A passing through the conductor produces 80 J of heat in 10 seconds. The resistance of the conductor is ……………..
(a) 0.5Ω
(b) 2Ω
(c) 4Ω
(d) 20Ω
Answer:
(b) 2Ω

Question 2.
The resistance of a straight conductor is independent of …………………..
(a) temperature
(b) material
(c) cross sectional area
(d) shape of cross section
Answer:
(d) shape of cross section

Question 3.
Two resistances R1 and R2 are connected is parallel. Their equivalent resistance is


Answer:

Question 4.
If in the circuit, power dissipation is 150 W, then R is ……………..

(a) 2Ω
(b) 6Ω
(c) 5Ω
(d) 4Ω
Answer:
(b) 6Ω

Question 5.
The force between two parallel wires carrying currents has been used to define…………..
(a) ampere
(b) coulomb
(c) volt
(d) watt
Answer:
(a) ampere

Question 6.
Electric current passes through a metallic conductor due to the movement of ……………
(a) ions
(b) ampere
(c) electrons
(d) protons
Answer:
(c) electrons

Question 7.
What is the maximum resistance one can make with ten 1Ω resistors?
(a) 1Ω
(b) 2Ω
(c) 5Ω
(d) 10Ω
Answer:
(d) 10Ω

Question 8.
Two conductors of resistance 2 R and R are connected in series in a battery circuit. The ratio of heat developed In them is ……………………
(a) 2 : 1
(b) 1 : 2
(c) 1 : 3
(d) 1 : 4
Ans:
(a) 2 : 11

Question 9.
1 volt = …………..


Answer:

Question 10.
The resistance of a conductor is R. If Its length is doubled, then its new resistance will be ……………….
(a) R
(b) 2R
(c) 4R
(d) 8R
Answer:
(C) 4R

Question 11.
The following is not a safety device.
(a) Fuse
(b) Trip switch
(c) Ground connection
(d) Wire
Answer:
(d) wirel

Question 12.
In India the frequency of alternating current is,
(a) 220 Hz
(b) 50 Hz
(c) 5 Hz
(d) 100 Hz
Answer:
(b) 50 Hz

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. The number of electrons constituting 1-coulomb charge is………………….
Answer:
6.25 × 10¹⁸

2. Resistors are connected in series if the resistance of the electric circuit is to be………………….
Answer:
increased

3. Electric fuse is a wire made up of a material having ………………….melting point.
Answer:
low

4. ………………….is the only non-metal that is a good conductor of electricity.
Answer:
Graphite

5. If the area of cross section of the conductor is doubled its resistance gets ………………….
Answer:
halved

6. A negative charge will move from …………………. to …………………. potential.
Answer:
lower, higher

7. ………………….is work done per unit charge.
Answer:
Potential difference

8. An electrochemical cell converts …………………. energy into …………………. energy.
Answer:
chemical, electrical

9. Three resistors are connected in series with a cell. If the current in each resistor is 1.5A, then the current through the cell will be ………………….. Answer:
1.5A

10. Three resistors are connected in parallel with a battery. If the current in each resistor is 2A, then the current through the battery will be …………………..
Answer:
6A

11. As electrons are revolving in the ………………….of an atom they can be easily removed from an atom and also added to it.
Answer:
orbits

12. If an electron is added in excess to an atom then the atom is ………………….charged.
Answer:
negatively

13. The excess of electrons make an object negative and ………………….of electrons make it positive.
Answer:
deficit

14. Electric charge is ………………….in nature.
Answer:
additive

15. Electric lines of force are ………………….lines.
Answer:
imaginary

16. For an isolated positive charge the electric lines of force are radial…………………. and for an isolated negative charge they are radial…………………..
Answer:
outwards, inwards

17. ………………….at a point is a measure of force acting on a unit positive charge placed at that point.
Answer:
Electric field

18. Electric potential is a measure of the ………………….on the unit positive charge to bring it to that point against all electrical forces.
Answer:
work done

19. The movement of positive charge is called as ………………….
Answer:
conventional current

20. The …………………. is the measure of opposition offered by the component to the flow of electric current through it.
Answer:
resistance

21. The process of conduction of electric current through solution is called………………….
Answer:
electrolysis

22. The device used to convert AC to DC is called………………….
Answer:
rectifier

23. Trip switch is a …………………. safety device.
Answer:
electro mechanical

III. True or False:

1. A fuse is used in an electric circuit to stop high current flowing through the circuit.
Answer:
True.

2. Rheostat is also known as fixed resistance.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Rheostat is also known as a variable resistance.

3. An ammeter is always placed in parallel with the circuit.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: An ammeter is always placed in series with the circuit.

4. The resistance of a dry human body is high.
Answer:
True.

5. For current to flow, one needs art open circuit.
Answer:
Correct statement: For current to flow, one needs a closed circuit.

6. A comb rubbed with hair and brought near pieces of paper attracts them, because both comb and paper get similarly charged.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: A comb rubbed with hair and brought near pieces of paper attracts them, because both comb and paper get oppositely charged.

7. Overloading of electric circuits can lead to short-circuiting.
Answer:
True.

8. Electrons in outer orbits are called free electrons.
Answer:
True.

9. Electric fuse works on the Joule heating principle.
Answer:
True.

IV. Match the following:

I.

Answer:
1-d, 2-c, 3 -a, 4-b

II.

Answer:
1-c, 2-d, 3-c, 4-a

V. Assertion and Reason type questions :

Mark the correct choice as :
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If assertion is false but reason is true.

Question 1.
Assertion (A): Electric current will not flow between two charged bodies when connected if their charges are the same.
Reason (R): Current is the rate of flow of charge.
Answer:
(d) Assertion is false but the reason is true
Reason: Current will not flow when two bodies are at the same potential. When their charges are the same, their potential may be different. Hence current may flow in this case.

Question 2.
Assertion (A) : A bird perches on a high power line and nothing happens to the bird.
Reason (R) : The level of the bird is very high from the ground.
Answer:
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false
Reason: Electric shock is due to the electric current flowing through a living body. When the bird perches on a single high power line, no current passes through its body. Because its body is at an equipotent surface (i.e.) there is no potential difference. While when a man touches the same line, standing bare foot on the ground the electrical circuit is completed through the ground. The hands of man are at high potential and his feet are at low potential. Hence the large amount of current flows through the body of the man and the person, therefore, gets a fatal shock.

VI. Answer in one word:

Question 1.
Name the force which acts between two point charges obey Newton’s third law.
Answer:
Electrostatic force.

Question 2.
What is the SI unit for the current?
Answer:
ampere (A).

Question 3.
Name the device which is used to measure the strength of the electric current in an electric circuit.
Answer:
Ammeter.

Question 4.
What is the rate at which charges flow past a point on a circuit?
Answer:
Current.

Question 5.
Name a device that helps to maintain a potential difference across conductors.
Answer:
Cell or battery.

Question 6.
What does the circuit symbol represent?
Answer:
Wire crossing without touching each other.

Question 7.
How many electrons accumulate to make 1C of electric charge?
Answer:
1C = 6.25 × 10¹⁸ electrons.

Question 8.
What is the charge of one electron?
Answer:
e= 1.6 × 10^-19C.

Question 9.
What is the measure of the work done on the unit positive charge to bring it to that point against all electrical forces?
Answer:
Electric potential

Question 10.
How is a voltmeter connected in the circuit to measure the potential difference between two points?
Answer:
Parallel

VII. Subjective Problems:

Question 1.
Calculate the charge passing through a lamp in 2 minutes if the current is 3A.
Solution:
Current I = 3A
Time t = 2 minutes = 120seconds
Charge q = ?
q = I × t = 3 × 120
Charge q = 36.C

Question 2.
Calculate the current in a wire if a charge of 1500 coulomb flows through it in 5 minutes.
Solution:
Charge q = 1500 C
Time t = 5 minutes = 300 seconds
Current I =?
I = q/t = \(\frac{1500}{300}\)
Current I = 5A

Question 3.
A charge of 400C flows through a conductor for 13 minutes and 20 seconds. Find the magnitude of the current flowing through the conductor.
Answer:
Q = 400C
t = 13 min and 20s = 13 × 60 + 20
= 780 + 20
= 800s
Current I = \(\frac{Q}{t}=\frac{400}{800}=0.5 \mathrm{A}\)

Question 4.
10²⁰ electrons, each having a charge of 1.6 x 10^-19 C, flows in a circuit V is 0.1s. What is the current in ampere?
Solution :
n = 10²⁰ electrons
e = 1.6 × 10^-19C
t = 0.1s
Charge q = ne
= 10²⁰ × 1.6 × 10^-19
= 16C
Current I = \(\frac{q}{t}=\frac{16}{0.1}=160 \mathrm{~A}\)
∴ Current = 160 A

VIII. Long Answer Questions

Question 1.
a State Ohm’s law.
b. Draw a circuit diagram for the verification of ohm’s law. Also, plot graphically the variation of current with a potential difference.
Answer:
a. Ohm’s law states that the current passing through a conductor is directly proportional
to the potential difference a cross its ends, provided the physical conditions like temperature density etc. remain unchanged V ∝ I or V = IR.
b.

Question 2.
a. Why is series arrangement not used for domestic cricuits?
b. Explain why fuse wire is always connected in series arrangement.
c. Why are copper and aluminium wires useually employed for electricity transmission?
Answer:
a. Series arrangement is not used for domestic circuits because same current will flow through all the appliances. The equivalent resistance will get added and hence the current drawn by the circuit will be less.

b. Fuse wire is always connected in series in a circuit as it has to check the flow of current through the circuit and prevent the extra flow of current through it.

c. Fuse wire is always connected in series in a circuit as it has to check the flow of current through the circuit and prevent the extra flow of current through it.

Question 3.
Explain the dangers of electricity and precautions to be taken while handling electricity.
Answer:

• Damaged insulation – Do not touch the bare wire, use safety gloves, and stand on an insulating stool or rubber slippers while handling electricity.
• Overheating of cables – use quality ISI certified cable wires for domestic wiring
• Overload of power sockets – do not connect too many electrical devices to a single electrical socket.
• Inappropriate use of electrical appliances – always uses the electrical appliances according to the power rating of the device like AC point, TV point, microwave oven point, etc.
• Environment with moisture and dampness – keep the place where there is electricity out of moisture and wetness as it will lead to leakage of electric current.
• Beyond the reach of children – the electrical sockets are to be kept away from the reach of little children who do not know the dangers of electricity.

Question 4.
Write the difference between resistance in series and in parallel.
Answer:

IX.

Question 1.
Distinguish e.m.f and potential difference.
Answer:
As both e.m.f and potential difference are measured in volt, they may appear the same. But they are not. The e.m.f refers to the voltage developed across the terminals of an electrical source when it does not produce current in the circuit. Potential difference refers to the voltage developed between any two points (even across electrical devices) in an electric circuit when there is current in the circuit.

Question 2.
Some common symbols in the electrical circuit.
Answer:

Question 3.
Write a note on direct current.
Answer:

• Current in electrical circuits is due to the motion of positive charge from higher potential to lower potential or electron from lower to higher electrical potential.
• Electrons move from negative terminal of the battery to positive of the battery. Battery is used to maintain a potential difference between the two ends of the wire.
• Battery is one of the sources for dc current. The dc is due to the unidirectional flow of electric charges. Some other sources of dc are solar cells, thermocouples etc. The graph depicting the direct current is shown in Figure.
  
• Many electronic circuits use dc. Some examples of devices which work on dc are cell phones, radio, electric keyboard, electric vehicles etc.

Question 4.
Write a note on alternating current.
Answer:

• If the direction of the current in a resistor or in any other element changes its direction alternately, the current is called an alternating current.
• The alternating current varies sinusoidally with time. This variation is characterised by a term called as frequency.
• Frequency is the number of complete cycle of variation, gone through by the ac in
  one second. s
• In ac, the electrons do not flow in one direction because the potential of the terminals vary between high and low alternately.
• Thus, the electrons move to and fro in the wire carrying alternating current. It is diagrammatically represented in Figure

Question 5.
Explain the advantages of Ac over Dc.
Answer:

• The voltage of ac can be varied easily using a device called transformer. The ac can be carried over long distances using step-up transformers.
• The loss of energy while distributing current in the form of ac is negligible. Direct current cannot be transmitted as such.
• The ac can be easily converted into dc and generating ac is easier than dc
• The ac can produce electromagnetic induction which is useful in several ways.

X. Define the following:

1. Electric force: The force existing between the charges is called an ‘electric force’.
2. Electric potential: Electric potential is a measure of the work done on the unit positive charge to bring it to that point against all electrical forces.
3. Conventional current and electron current: The movement of the positive charge is called as ‘conventional current’. The flow of electrons is termed as ‘electron current’.
4. Current: Current is the rate at which charges flow past a point on a circuit.
5. Electromotive force (e.m.f.): The e.m.f of an electrical energy source is one volt if one joule of work is done by the source to drive one coulomb of charge completely around the circuit.
6. One ohm: One ohm is the resistance of a component when the potential difference of one volt applied across the component drives a current of one ampere through it.
7. Fixed resistor: A fixed resistor has a resistance of a fixed value. Common types of fixed resistors include carbon film resistors and wire-wound resistors.
8. Variable resistor: A variable resistor has a resistance that can be varied. It is used to vary the amount of current flowing in a circuit.
9. Electrolysis and electrolyte: The process of conduction of electric current through solutions is called ‘electrolysis’. The solution through which the electricity passes is called ‘electrolyte’.
10. Synaptic signals: Extremely weak electric current is produced in the human body by the movement of charged particles. These are called synaptic signals. These signals are produced by the electrochemical process. They travel between the brain and the organs through the nervous system.
11. Magnetic effect of current: A wire or a conductor carrying current develops a magnetic field perpendicular to the direction of the flow of current. This is called the magnetic effect of current.
12. Frequency: Frequency is the number of the complete cycle of variations, gone through by the ac in one second.
13. Rectifier: The device used to convert ac to dc is called a rectifier.
14. Resistance: The measure of opposition offered by the component to the flow of electric current through it.
15. Resistors: The components used for providing resistance are called resistors.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 4th English Guide Pdf Term 3 Poem 1 Be Honest Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 4th English Solutions Term 3 Poem 1 Be Honest

4th English Guide Be Honest Text Book Back Questions and Answers

A. Match the rhyming words.

Question 1.
Say – grow
Answer:
Say – day

Question 2.
All – time
Answer:
All – fall

Question 3.
Go – day
Answer:
Go – grow

Question 4.
Rhyme – fall
Answer:
Rhyme – time

B. Fill in the blanks.

Question 1.
_________ will often say to be honest.
Answer:
Amma

Question 2.
We shouldn’t __________ ever.
Answer:
Lie

Question 3.
Many may lie and __________.
Answer:
Go

C. Answer the questions.

Question 1.
What makes him fall?
Answer:
Troubles make him fall.

Question 2.
What does Amma often say?
Answer:
Amma will often say to be honest every day.

Question 3.
What will help us grow?
Answer:
Honesty will help us to grow.

Question 4.
What will help you say the truth?
Answer:
Honesty will help us to say the truth.

Question 5.
Do you tell the truth always? Why?
Answer:
Telling the truth always is not possible. It depends on the situation. If thieves come to our house and ask where are the jewels, is it correct to tell the truth at that situation?

I. Fill in the blanks.

Question 1.
I want to be __________ to all.
Answer:
Truthful

Question 2.
Honesty will help us __________.
Answer:
Grow

Question 3.
__________ make me fall.
Answer:
Troubles

II. Answer the questions.

Question 1.
How does the poet want to be?
Answer:
The poet wants to be truthful to all.

Question 2.
What does Amma say when she hears others lie?
Answer:
Amma says that people may lie and go but we must tell the truth and grow.

Let us know

We have already learnt to use a, an and the. Can you try to fill the blanks below with a, an and the?

Question 1.

This is __________ ball.
Answer:
A

Question 2.

There is _________ ink bottle.
Answer:
The

Question 3.

__________ sun is hot.
Answer:
The

Question 4.

This is __________ owl.
Answer:
An

Write ‘a’ or ‘an’

Question 1.

__________ book.
Answer:
A

Question 2.

__________ ant.
Answer:
An

Question 3.

___________ chair.
Answer:
A

Question 4.

__________ egg.
Answer:
An

Question 5.

__________ pot.
Answer:
A

Question 6.

___________ flag.
Answer:
A

Question 7.

__________ inn.
Answer:
An

Question 8.

___________ unicorn.
Answer:
A

Fill in the blanks using a, an and the.

Question 1.
_________ Earth goes around _________ Sun.
Answer:

1. The
2. The

Question 2.
I bought __________ pair of shoes.
Answer:
A

Question 3.
I am _________ university student.
Answer:
A
[Hint : Here, the letter ‘u’ in the word university, is to be pronounced as “Yu”. So, ‘a’ is used before “university”]

Question 4.
Kiran sails in __________ Indian ocean.
Answer:
The

Question 5.
__________ camel is the ship of _________ desert.
Answer:

1. The
2. The

Question 6.
________ Jungle book has won many awards.
Answer:
The

Question 7.
Harichandra was __________ honest king.
Answer:
An
[Hint : Here, the letter ‘h’ is silent. Hence, an honest.]

Question 8.
I met _________ boy in the street.
Answer:
A

Question 9.
She returned after __________ hour.
Answer:
An
[Hint : Here, the letter ‘h’ is silent. Hence, an hour.]

Question 10.
I read _________ amazing story yesterday.
Answer:
An

Fill in with the correct aticles. Additional Questions and Answers

Question 1.
The police were looking for _________ arrogant thief.
Answer:
An

Question 2.
He tried to rob ________ cell phone shop with ________
Answer:

1. A
2. A

Question 3.
The thief threw _________ old bag at ________ shop keeper.
Answer:

1. An
2. The

Question 4.
He ordered him to fill ___________ bag with money.
Answer:
The

Question 5.
The shop keeper was not sure if ___________ gun was real or not.
Answer:
The

Let us speak

Question 1.
See how they speak at this situation and practise as if you were in that situation. A teacher is teaching the class.
Answer:

Teacher : In today’s class we are going to learn about verbs.
Student : Okay miss.
Teacher : Verbs are action words, they tell us what action is happening or going to happen.
Student : Miss, I have a doubt.
Teacher : What is the doubt?
Student : What is an action miss?
Teacher : An action is anything we do. Like now I am standing, you are sitting. We eat during the lunch. All such words are action words. Student : Got it, miss. Thank you.
Teacher : Welcome.

Additional question

Question 1.
A friend tells you the route to the post office – Write how they speak at this situation and express as if you were in that situation.
Answer:
Raja : Can you tell me how to go to the post office?
Rani : Sure, I will! Raja.
Raja : Rani, I have a doubt.
Rani : What is the doubt?
Raja : Is the post office right or left side to our school?
Rani : It is not in the left or right, it is behind our school.
Raja : I could not understand. Can you please explain?
Rani : Sure Raja. If you walk around our school, the post office is at the back of our school.
Raja : Now I got it Rani. Thank you very much!
Rani : You are most welcome Raja.

Be Honest Summary in English and Tamil

Amma will often say,
Be honest all day!
Still troubles make me fall,
I want to be truthful to all!
Amma will often say,
Be honest every day!
To say truth when I am wrong,
I may have to be eighteen!
To Amma I often say,
Don’t you hear them lie?
She says many may lie and go
But honesty will help us grow!
At last, I have this to say,
I don’t lie to this day!
The trick is the rhyme,
Let’s try this one day at a time!

நேர்மையாக இருங்கள் அம்மா எப்போதும் கூறுவார்,
ஒவ்வொரு நாளும் நேர்மையாய் இரு என்று!
அப்படியும் பிரச்சனைகள் என்னை விழவைக்கும்,
நான் அனைவருக்கும் உண்மையாய் இருக்க விரும்புகிறேன்!
அம்மா அடிக்கடி கூறுவார்,
ஒவ்வொரு நாளும் நேர்மையாய் இரு என்று!
நான் தவறு செய்யும்போது, உண்மையைக் கூறவேண்டும்.
எனக்கு பதினெட்டு வயதாகியும் இருக்கலாம்.
அம்மாவிடம் நான் அடிக்கடி கூறுவேன்
அவர்கள் பொய் பேசுவதை நீ கேட்பதில்லையா?
“பலர், பொய்களை கூறிவிட்டு போகலாம்,
ஆனால், நேர்மை நம்மை உயர்த்திட உதவும்,” என்கிறார் அம்மா.
கடைசியாக, இதை நான் கூறுகிறேன்
இன்றுவரை நான் பொய் பேசியதில்லை!
அந்த நுட்பம் என்பது அந்த சந்த நயம்,
ஒருநாள், ஒரே சமயத்தில் நாம் இதைச் செய்ய முயலுவோம்!

Be Honest Glossary

Grow – improve (வளருதல்)
Honest – truthful (நேர்மை)
Lie – a false statement (பொய்)
Often – frequently (அடிக்கடி)
Troubles – difficulty or problem (பிரச்சனைகள்)
Trick – technique (நுட்பம், உத்தி)

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Guide Pdf  Poem 1 The Castle Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th English Solutions Poem 1 The Castle

12th English Guide The Castle Text Book Back Questions and Answers

Textual Questions:

1. Based on your understanding of the poem, answer the following questions in one or two sentences each:
(Text Book Page No. 20)

Question a.
who is the narrator in the poem?
Answer:
A soldier is a narrator in the poem.

Question b.
How long had the soldiers been in The Castle?
Answer:
All through the summer, the soldiers had been in The Castle.

Question c.
why were the soldiers in The Castle fearless?
Answer:
They were fearless because they were behind a well-guarded castle headed by a brave captain. Allies were close at hand and they had adequate arms to fight and foodgrains to sustain them under a siege.

Question d.
Where were the enemies?
Answer:
The enemies were half a mile away from The Castle.

Question e.
Why does the narrator say that the enemy was no threat at all?
Answer:
Soldiers behind the turret wall were ready to shoot the enemy at sight. The castle was surrounded by a deadly moat. The captain was brave and the soldiers loyal. Allies were close at hand. Hence, the enemy was no threat at all.

Question f.
Did the soldiers fight with the enemies face to face?
Answer:
No, The soldiers did not fight with the enemies face to face.

Question g.
Who had let the enemies in?
Answer:
The aged greedy wicket gate keeper had let the enemy in.

Question h.
How did the enemies enter The Castle?
Answer:

1. The disloyal warder, who guards the wicket gate, let the enemies inside the famous citadel for gold.
2. Thus the enemies entered The Castle.

Question i.
Why were the secret galleries bare?
Answer:
The secret galleries were looted by the cunning enemies. So, they were bare.

Question j.
What was the ‘shameful act’?
Answer:
The disloyal warder, who guards the wicket gate, let the enemies inside the famous citadel for gold. This was the shameful act.

Question k.
Why didn’t the narrator want to tell the tale to anybody?
Answer:
The narrator did not want to tell the shameful act because it will expose the greed of the aged warder. He had sold them all for a bag of gold. They did not have any weapon to fight the invisible enemy within.

Question l.
Why did the narrator feel helpless?
Answer:

1. The narrator’s troop and castle were defeated by all the enemies.
2. He could not accept this treacherous defeat. So he felt helpless.

Question m.
Who was the real enemy?
Answer:
“The gold” was their real enemy.

2. Read the poem again and complete the summary using the words given inbox. (Text Book Page No. 21)

Question 1.
Stanzas 1-3:
The Castle’ by Edwin Muir is a moving poem on the (1) ______ of a well-guarded (2)______. The soldiers of The Castle were totally stress-free and relaxed. They were (3)______ of their castle’s physical strength. Through the turrets, they were able to watch the mowers and no enemy was found up to the distance of (4)______ and so they seemed no threat to The Castle. They had (5)______ of weapons to protect them and a large quantity of (6)______ in stock to take care of the well-being of the soldiers inside The Castle. The soldiers stood one above the other on the towering (7)______ to shoot the enemy at sight. They believed that The Castle was absolutely safe because their captain was (8)______ and the soldiers were loyal.

Answer:

1. Capture
2. Castle
3. Confident
4. half-a-kilometer
5. Plenty
6. Ration
7. Watching
8. Brave

Question 2.
Stanzas 4-6:
Even by a trick, no one but the birds could enter. The enemy could not use a (9)______ for their entry inside The Castle. But there was a wicket gate guarded by a (10)______. He (11)______ in the enemies inside the famous citadel that had been known for its secret gallery and intricate path. The strong castle became(12)______ and thin because of the greedy disloyal warder. The (13)______ was captured by the enemies for (14)______. The narrator (15)______ over the (16)______ of the useless warder and also decided not to disclose this (17)______ story to anyone. He was (18)______ and wondered how he would keep this truth to himself. He regretted not finding any (19) to fight with the (29)______ called ‘gold’.

Answer:
9. Bail
10. wicked guard
11. let
12. helpless
13. citadel
14. disloyalty
15. lamented
16. weak
17. shameful
18. gold
19. weapon
20. enemy

3. Read the poem and answer the following in a short paragraph of 8-10 sentences each: (Text Book Page No.. 21)

Question a.
How safe was The Castle? How was it conquered?
Answer:

Introduction:
The poet Edwin Muir beautifully brings out the strength of The Castle.

Safety of The Castle:
The soldiers did not worry about threats around them because The Castle gates were strong and walls were high, thick, and smooth. They felt very safe because they had more confidence towards The Castle. They trusted a lot that even by a trick no one could enter The Castle. The human beings did not have the courage to enter The Castle but birds could enter. So the soldiers were in a relaxed manner and stress-free about everything around them.

The belief of the soldiers:
They believed that The Castle was absolutely safe and because of its physical strength and their captain was brave and the soldiers were loyal.

Disloyal warder:
The strong castle became helpless and thin. The soldiers unexpectedly faced failure because of the greedy disloyal warder. The famous citadel was captured by the enemies for disloyalty (gold). The black sheep was one of their own men (warder) who let the enemies inside the citadel that had been known for its secret gallery and intricate path.

Conclusion:
Once, The Castle was safe because soldiers were united and loyal and their captain was brave. But later disloyalty arose from their own men warder, The Castle was conquered by the enemies.
Greedy kills humanity.

Question b.
Bring out the contrasting picture of the as depicted in stanzas 3 and 5.
Answer:
The poet Edwin Muir beautifully brings out the strength of The Castle. The soldiers did not worry about threats around them because The Castle gates were strong and walls were high, thick, and smooth. They felt very safe because they had more confidence towards The Castle. They trusted a lot that even by a trick no one could enter The Castle. The Castle was very high and smooth. So human beings did not have the courage to enter The Castle but birds could enter. Birds were harmless to them.

So the soldiers were in a relaxed manner and stress-free about everything around them. They believed The Castle was absolutely safe because their captain was brave and the soldiers were loyal. They only focussed on the strength of physical surroundings and what was beyond The Castle but betrayed from within caused The Castle’s fall. The strong castle became helpless and thin. The famous citadel was captured by the enemies for disloyalty.

The warder had let the enemies inside the famous citadel that had been known for its secret gallery and intricate path. Once The Castle was safe because soldiers were united and loyal and their captain was brave. Later disloyalty arose from their own men warder, The Castle was conquered by the enemies.

Question c.
Human greed led to the mighty fall of the citadel. Explain.
Answer:
Greed means a selfish or excessive desire for more than is needed or deserved, especially of money, wealth, food, or other possession. One who is greedy follows the path of unfair means, betrayal, and crime. This makes other’s life miserable. “Greed’ can also mean helping an enemy, such a person who gives secret information to an enemy country. That brings the mighty fall of the kingdom.

Here, In the poem ‘The Castle’, a greedy warder was the main cause and culprit who brought failure to his own men. Before that, the soldiers were stress-free and relaxed. They have plenty of arms and food. The Castle gates were strong and walls were high, thick, and smooth. They believed that The Castle was absolutely safe because their captain was brave and the soldiers were loyal.

Yet these men were defeated when the enemy entered to their own man (warder) who let the enemy soldiers through a little gate. At first, The Castle was safe because soldiers were the united castle and loyal and their captain was brave. But later, The Castle became weak and thin. As disloyalty arose from their own men, warder, The Castle was conquered by the enemies.
‘Greed kills humanity’. Thus human greed led to the mighty fall of the citadel.

4. Read the given lines and answer the questions that follow in a line or two: (Text Book Page No. 21)

a. All through the summer at ease we lay,
And daily from the turret wall,
we watched the mowers in the hay.

i. Who does ‘we’ refer to?
Answer:
‘We’ refer to soldiers who are in a strong castle.

ii. How did the soldiers spend the summer days?
Answer:
The soldiers spent the summer days lying and relaxing.

iii. What could they watch from the turret wall?
Answer:
They could watch the mowers from the turret wall.

b. Our gates were strong, our walls were thick,
so smooth and high no man could win.

i. How safe was The Castle?
Answer:
The Castle was safe with thick and high walls and strong gates.

ii. What was the firm belief of the soldiers?
Answer:
The firm belief of the soldiers was that none on earth could win it.

c. A foothold there, no clever trick
could take us dead or quick,
only a bird could have got in.

i. What was challenging?
Answer:
Entering The Castle was a challenging task.

ii. Which aspect of The Castle’s strength is conveyed by the above line?
Answer:
No one could enter but the birds could enter. This seems The Castle is too high and strong enough for anyone to enter.

d. ‘Oh then our maze of tunneled stone
Grew thin and treacherous as air.
The Castle was lost without a groan,
The famous citadel has overthrown.

i. Bring out the contrast in the first two lines.
Answer:
Once The Castle was very strong and thick, now it became helpless and thin because of the greedy disloyal warder.

ii. What happened to The Castle?
Answer:
The Castle was captured by the enemies for disloyalty.

e. ‘we could do nothing, being sold.’

i. Why couldn’t they do anything?
Answer:
They couldn’t do anything because they were betrayed by one of the soldiers.

ii. Why did they feel helpless?
Answer:
They felt helpless because they were surrounded by enemies in an unexpected way with the help of their own greedy disloyal warder.

Additional Questions:

a. ‘For what, we thought, had we to fear
with our arms and provender, load and load.

i. Do they have fear?
Answer:
No, they don’t have any fear.

ii. What does ‘our arms’ mean?
Answer:
Our arms’ means powerful weapons.

b. A foothold there, no clever trick
Could take us dead or quick,
Only a bird could have got in.

i. Who does ‘us’ refer to?
Answer:
‘Us’ refers to soldiers who are in The Castle.

ii. What does ‘quick’ mean here?
Answer:
Here ‘quick’ means alive.

c. Our captain was brave and we were true.
There was a little private gate,
A little wicked wicket gate,
The wizened warder let them through.

i. Who does ‘we’ refer to?
Answer:
‘We’ refer to soldiers.

ii. Whose captain was brave?
Answer:
The loyal soldier’s captain was brave.

iii. Who guarded the wicket-gate?
Answer:
The wicket gate was guarded by a wicked guard.

d. Grew thin and treacherous as air.
The cause was lost without a groan,
The famous citadel overthrew,

i. How did the strong castle become?
Answer:
The strong castle became thin and treacherous.

ii. What does ‘overthrown’ mean?
Answer:
‘Overthrown’ means defeated. The soldiers were defeated by the enemies.

e. ‘How can this shameful tale be told?
I will maintain until my death

i. Does the narrator say about his failure as a shameful tale?
Answer:
Yes, the narrator says about his failure as a shameful tale.

ii. What will be maintained until his death?
Answer:
The narrator decided not to disclose this shameful story to anyone. This will be maintained until his death.

5. Explain the following lines with reference to the context: (Text Book Page No. 22)

a. They seemed no threat to us at all.
Reference:
This line is taken from the Poem – “The Castle”, Poet – “Edwin Muir”.
Context:
Here the poet talks about the power of The Castle.
Explanation:
The soldiers of The Castle were confident of their castle’s physical strength. Through the turrets, they were able to watch the mowers and no enemy was found up to a distance of half a kilometer and so they seemed no threat to The Castle.

b. How can this shameful tale be told?
Reference:
This line is taken from the Poem – “The Castle”, Poet – “Edwin Muir”.
Context:
Here the poet talks about the unexpected failure of the soldiers.
Explanation:
The soldiers believed that The Castle was absolutely safe because their captain was brave and the soldiers were loyal. Yet these men are defeated by the enemies. The enemies got help from one of their own warders, who lets the enemy soldiers through a little gate.

c. ‘I will maintain until my death’
Reference:
This line is taken from the Poem – “The Castle”, Poet – “Edwin Muir”.
Context:
Here the poet talks about the ‘shameful act’.
Explanation:
The narrator decided not to disclose this shameful story (soldiers got failure because of the greedy disloyal warder) to anyone. This will be maintained until his death.

d. Our only enemy was gold
Reference:
This line is taken from the Poem – “The Castle”, Poet – “Edwin Muir”.
Context:
Here the poet talks about the ‘success of the enemy’.
Explanation:
The narrator wondered about the tricks played by enemies. At last, the enemy won them by giving them gold as a bribe. So the narrator called the enemy gold.

6. Read the poem and complete the table with suitable rhyming words: (Text Book Page No. 22)

Question 1.

Answer:

7. Underline the alliterated words in the following lines: (Text Book Page No. 22)

1. With our arms and provender, load on load
2. A little wicked wicket gate.
3. The wizened warder let them through.

8. Poetic Devices/Figure of speech:

Listening:

The Soldier:

If I should die, think only this of me:
That there’s some corner of a foreign field
That is forever England. There shall be
In that rich earth a richer dust concealed;
A dust whom England bore, shaped, made aware,
Gave, once, her flowers to love, her ways to roam;
A body of England’s, breathing English air,
Washed by the rivers, blest by suns of home.
And think, this heart, all evil shed away,
A pulse in the eternal mind, no less
Gives somewhere back the thoughts by England given;
Her sights and sounds; dreams happy as her day;
And laughter learned of friends and gentleness,
In hearts at peace, under an English heaven.
– Rupert Brooke

The Castle Summary in Tamil

கோடை முழுவதும் ஓய்வாய்
அந்த கோபுர உச்சியில் நின்று
எங்கள் விழிகள் புல்வெளிகளை நோக்கின.
எதிரிகளும் நோக்கினர் அரைமயில் தூரத்திலிருந்து.
எப்பக்கம் இருந்தும் அவர்கள் அச்சுறுத்துவதாய் இல்லை.

எதற்காக நாம் பயப்பட வேண்டும்
பணபலமும் படைபலமும் குவிந்திருக்கும் போது,
எமது படைக்கலன்கள் அடுக்கடுக்காய் உயர்ந்திருக்கும் போது,
நமத நட்பு நாடுகள் அருகிலிருக்கும் போது,
இலைகள் நிறைந்த மரங்கள் இந்த கோடை சாலை மீது இருக்கும் போது,

எமது வாயில்களும் வலியது, மதில்சுவர்களும் வலியது
மிக உயர்ந்தது, எவரும் வெற்றிகொள்ள இயலாது,
எந்தவொரு காலடியோ, கூர்மிகு சூழ்ச்சியோ எம்மை எளிதாய் நெருக்கிட முடியாது)
எந்நேரமும் நுழைந்திட பறவையால் மட்டுமே முடியும்.

கையூட்டாக எதைத் தரமுடியும் அவர்களால்?
தைரியமான தளபதி எமது நேர்மையான மனது எமது…….
இருந்தது ஒரு சிறிய மறைவான நுழைவாயில்,
சிறிய ஆபத்தான நுழைவாயில்,
வயதான வாயில்காவலன் அவர்களை உள்நுழைய அனுமதித்தான்.

ஓ! பின் எமது சிக்கலான கற்களால் ஆன சுரங்கக்குகை
மெல்லியதாய் துரோகம் நிறைந்ததாய் உயர்ந்தன.
காரணங்கள் கண்ணீர் துளிகள் இன்றி கடந்தன. ப
ுகழ்வாய்ந்த அரியனையோ சூறையாடப்பட்டது,
அதன் இரகசிய கிடங்குகளும் களவாடப்பட்டது.

எவ்வாறு கூறுவேன் இந்த இழிநிலை கதையை?
இரகசியம் காப்பேன் என்னுயிர் நீங்கும் வரை
ஏதும் செய்ய இயலவில்லை எங்களால், விற்கப்படும் போது
எமது ஒரே எதிரியாய் வந்தது பொன்,
எமது ஆயுதங்கள் அனைத்தும் அதன் முன் வீண்.

கவிஞரைப் பற்றி:

எட்வின் மீயூர் (Edwin Muir. 1887-1959) ஒரு புகழ் பெற்ற ஸ்காட்லாந்து (Scotland) நாட்டு புலவர் (poet., நாவல் ஆசிரியர் (Novelist, மொழிபெயர்ப்பாளர் (Translator), மற்றும் விமர்சகராவார் (Critic). இவர் தனது எளிய (vivid)பாடல்களால் நினைவு கூறப்படுபவர். இவர் தனது முதிய வயதில் (old age) பாடல்கள் எழுதத் தொடங்கினார். பின் தனது தனித்தன்மை வாய்ந்த தத்துவமுறை பாடல்களுக்கு தனது முதுமையில் அங்கிகாரம் பெற்றார்.

முதல் பாடல்கள்’ (First poem) மற்றும் ‘புதிதாய் இறந்தோரின் பாடல்கள்’ (Chorus of the Newly dead) இவை இரண்டும் மீயூரின் தொடக்க கால முயற்சியாகும். இவரின் பிந்தைய கவிதைத் தொகுப்பு ‘காலக் கூறு வித்தியாசங்கள், குறுகிய இடம்’, ‘கடல் பயணம்’ மற்றும் பல பாடல்களை உள்ளடக்கியது. ‘குழப்பம்’ மற்றும் ‘ஏதேனில் ஒரு கால்’ (one foot in Eden) போன்றவையும் அடங்கும்.

கவிதையைப் பற்றி:

“அரண்மனை” என்னும் இந்த கவிதை நன்முறையில் பாதுகாக்கப்பட்ட அரண்மனையை (castle) சிறைபிடித்ததைப் பற்றியும் அதில் உள்ள படைவீரர்களைப் (soldier) பற்றியும் வெளிப்படுத்துகிறது) படை வீரர்கள் தங்களின் உடல் வலிமையையும் பாதுகாப்பையும் பற்றி பெறுமைப்பட்டு வியந்தார்களே தவிர தாங்கள் வீழ்த்தப் படப்போவதைப் பற்றி யோசிக்கவில்லை.

கோட்டையின் பின்புறம் ஒரு இரகசியக் கதவு இருந்தது. அக்கதவின் காவலாளி எதிரிகளால் பணம் கொடுத்து வாங்கப்பட்டான். எதிரிகள் கோட்டைக்குள் புகுந்து தாக்கி சேதப்படுத்தினர். கவலையை மறந்து இருக்கும் படைவீரர்களின் வாழ்வில் எதிர்பாராத போரை சந்திக்கும் இக்கவிதையைப் பற்றி தெளிவாக காண்போம்.c

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Guide Pdf Chapter 3 Fluids Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 9th Science Solutions Chapter 3 Fluids

9th Science Guide Fluids Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
The size of an air bubble rising up in the water
(a) decreases
(b) increases
(c) remains the same
(d) may increase or decrease
Answer:
(b) increases

Question 2.
Clouds float in the atmosphere because of their low
(a) density
(b) pressure
(c) velocity
(d) mass
Answer:
(a) density

Question 3.
In a pressure cooker, the food is cooked faster because
(a) increased pressure lowers the boiling point.
(b) increased pressure raises the boiling point.
(c) decreased pressure raises the boiling point.
(d) increased pressure lowers the melting point.
Answer:
(b) increased pressure raises the boiling point

Question 4.
An empty plastic bottle closed with an airtight stopper is pushed down into a bucket filled with water. As the bottle is pushed down, there is an increasing force on the bottom. This is because
(a) more volume of liquid is displaced.
(b) more weight of liquid is displaced.
(c) pressure increases with depth.
(d) All the above.
Answer:
(c) pressure increases with depth

II. Fill in the blanks :

1. The weight of the body immersed in a liquid appears to be ………………… than its actual weight
Answer:
less

2. The instrument used to measure atmospheric pressure is …………
Answer:
Barometer

3. The magnitude of buoyant force acting on an object immersed in a liquid depends on ……………. of the liquid.
Answer:
density

4. A drinking straw works on the existence of ……………….
Answer:
atmospheric pressure

III. State whether true or false. If false, correct the statement:

1. The weight of fluid displaced determines the buoyant force on an object.
Answer:
True.

2. The shape of an object helps to determine whether the object will float or not.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: The density of an object helps to determine whether the object will floater sink.

3. The foundations of high-rise buildings are kept wide so that they may exert more pressure on the ground.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: They may exert less pressure on the ground.

4. Archimedes’ principle can also be applied to gases.
Answer:
True.

5. Hydraulic press is used in the extraction of oil from oilseeds.
Answer:
True.

IV. Match the following :

Answer:

V. Answer in brief :

Question 1.
On what factors the pressure exerted by the liquid depends on?
Answer:
The pressure exerted by the liquid depends on the

• Depth
• Density of the liquid
• Acceleration due to gravity.

Question 2.
Why does a helium balloon float in the air?
Answer:
Helium is much less dense than ordinary air which gives them buoyancy and thus floats in the air.

Question 3.
Why it is easy to swim in river water than in seawater?
Answer:
The question itself is wrong. It is easier to swim in seawater than in the river water. It is because seawater has
(i) greater density and
(ii) larger buoyant force than river water.

Question 4.
What is meant by atmospheric pressure?
Answer:
The pressure exerted by the atmospheric gases on its surroundings and on the surface of the earth is called atmospheric pressure.

Question 5.
State Pascal’s law.
Answer:
Pascal’s law: The external pressure applied to an incompressible liquid is transmitted uniformly throughout the liquid.

VI. Answer in detail:

Question 1.
An appropriate illustration proves that the force acting on a smaller area exerts a greater pressure.
Answer:
Consider standing on loose sand. Your feet go deep into the sand. Now, when you lie down on the sand, you will find that your body will not go that deep into the sand. In both cases, the force exerted on the sand is the weight of your body which is the same. This force acting perpendicular to the surface is called thrust. When you stand on loose sand, the force is acting on an area equal to the area of your feet.

When you lie down, the same force acts on an area of your whole body, which is larger than the area of your feet. Therefore the effect of thrust, that is, the pressure depends on the area on which it acts. The effect of thrust on sand is larger while ‘ standing than lying.

Question 2.
Describe the construction and working of the mercury barometer.
Answer:

Mercury Barometer
1. It is designed by Torricelli.

Construction :
2. Mercury Barometer consists of long glass tube closed at one end and opened at the other.
3. Mercury filled through open end and close that end by thumb and open it after immersing it into a trough of mercury.

Working:
4. The Barometer works by balancing the mercury in the glass tube against the outside air pressure.
5. If air pressure increases, it pushes more of the mercury up into the tub.
6. If air pressure decreases, more mercury drains from the tub.
7. As vacuum cannot exert pressure, Mercury in the tube provides a precise measure of air pressure which is called atmospheric pressure.
8. It is used in a laboratory or weather station.

Question 3.
How does an object’s density determine whether the object will sink or float in water?
Answer:
Whether an object will sink or float in a liquid is determined by the density of the object compared to the density of the liquid. If the density of a substance is less than the density of the liquid it will float. For example, a piece of wood which is less dense than water will float on it. Any substance having more density than water (for example, a stone), will sink into the water.

Question 4.
Explain the construction and working of a hydrometer with a diagram.
Answer:

Purpose:
To measure density (or) relative density of the liquid.

Principle :
The weight of the liquid displaced by the immersed portion of the hydrometer is equal to the weight of the hydrometer. [Flotation principle].

Construction
Lower end of hydrometer :
A cylindrical stem having a spherical bulb which partially W Lead shots
filled with lead shots or mercury which helps to float or stand vertical in liquids.

Upper end of hydrometer:
A narrow tube has markings so that the relative density of liquids can be read off directly.

Working:

1. Liquid to be tested is poured into the glass jar.
2. The hydrometer is gently lowered into the liquid until it floats freely.
3. The reading against the level touching the tube gives the relative density of the liquid.

Question 5.
State the laws of flotation.
Answer:
Laws of flotation are

• The weight of a floating body in a fluid is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the body.
• The centre of gravity of the floating body and the centre of buoyancy are in the same vertical line.

VII. Assertion and Reason :

Mark the correct answer is:
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c ) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If assertion is false but reason is true.

Question 1.
Assertion (A) : To float, body must displace liquid whose weight is equal to the actual weight.
Reason (R): The body will experience no net downward force in that case.
Answer:
(a) Both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion]

Question 2.
Assertion (A) : Pascal’s law is the working principle of a hydraulic lift.
Reason (R): Pressure is thrust per unit area.
Answer:
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.]
Reason : Pascal’s law is the working principle of Hydraulic lift. In Hydraulic lift, applied pressure is transmitted uniformly and multiplied throughout the system.

VIII. Numerical Problems :

Question 1.
A block of wood of weight 200 g floats on the surface of water. If the volume of the block is 300 cm3, calculate the upthrust due to water.
Answer:
Weight of woodblock, m = 200 g
Volume of the woodblock, V = 300cm³
Upthrust = Weight of the fluid displaced = Volume of the woodblock
Upthrust = 300 cm³

Question 2.
Density of mercury is 13600 kg m^-3. Calculate the relative density.
Answer:
Density of Mercury = 13600 kg m^-3
Density of water at 4°C= 1000 kg m^-3

Question 3.
The density of water is 1 g cm^-3. What is its density in S.I. units?
Answer:
Density of water in SI units = 1000 kg / m³

Question 4.
Calculate the apparent weight of wood floating on water if it weighs 100g in air.
Answer:
Mass of wood = 100 g.
As the wood floats on the water, water will not be displaced.
So, the actual weight of wood is equal to the Apparent weight of wood.

IX. Higher Order Thinking Skills :

Question 1.
How high does the mercury barometer stand on a day when atmospheric pressure is 98.6 kPa?
Answer:
Pressure of Atmosphere PatnT = 98.6 kPa.
Density of Mercury, ρ_Hg = 13.6 × 10³ kg/cm³
Acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.8 m/s²

Question 2.
How does a fish manage to rise up and move down in the water?
Answer:

• Fish manages to rise up in the water by reducing its density by filling oxygen in the bladder via the gills. Thus volume will be increased to support its ascending motion.
• Fish moves down by decreasing its volume by releasing oxygen from the bladder. Thus volume will be decreased so it will sink in the water.

Question 3.
If you put one ice cube in a glass of water and another in a glass of alcohol, what would you observe? Explain your observations.
Answer:
Ice cube in water: As the density of ice cube is less than water, the ice cube floats in water.
Ice cube in alcohol: As the density of the ice cube is greater than alcohol, the ice cube will sink in alcohol.
Note: Density : Water = 1.00, Ice cube = 0.917, Alcohol = 0.78

Question 4.
Why does a boat with a hole in the bottom would eventually sink?
Answer:
A boat with a hole in the bottom eventually sinks due to :

• The water entered through a hole will increase the weight of the boat.
• The boat becomes heavier so it cannot displace more water. So the boat sinks.

Intex activities

ACTIVITY – 1

Stand on the loose stand. Your feet go deep into the sand. Now, lie down on the sand. What happens? You will find that your body will not go that deep into the sand. Why?

Aim:
To demonstrate the effect of thrust

Materials Required:
Sand

Procedure:

1. 1. First, you stand on the sand on your feet.
   2. Lie down on the sand with your whole body.

Observation:

1. While standing on your feet on sand, your feet go deep into the sand.
2. While lying down with your body on the sand, your body will not go deep into the sand.

Conclusion:

1. Pressure depends upon the area on which it acts.
2. The effect of thrust on sand is larger while standing than lying.

ACTIVITY – 2

Take a transparent plastic pipe. Also, take a balloon and tie it tightly over one end of the plastic pipe. Pour some water in the pipe from the top. What happens? The balloon tied at the bottom stretches and bulges out. It shows that the water poured in the pipe exerts pressure on the bottom of its container.

Aim: To demonstrate that water exerts pressure on the bottom of the container.

Materials Required: Plastic pipe, Balloon, Water.

Procedure :

1. Take a transparent plastic pipe and a balloon.
2. Tie the balloon tightly over one end of the plastic pipe.
3. Keep the pipe with the closed end at the bottom.
4. Pour some water in the pipe from the top.

Observation: The balloon tied at the bottom stretches and bulges out.

Conclusion: Water poured in the pipe exerts pressure on the bottom of its container.

[End of the activity]

ACTIVITY-3

Take a large plastic can. Punch holes with a nail in a vertical line on the side of the can as shown in the figure. Then fill the can with water. The water may just dribble out from the top hole, but with the increased speed at the bottom holes as depth causes the water to squirt out with more pressure.

Aim:
To demonstrate that pressure increases as depth increases.

Materials Required:

1. Large plastic can.
2. A sharp nail.

Procedure :

1. Take a large plastic can.
2. Punch holes with a nail in a vertical line up on the side of the can every inch or several centimeters.

Observation:

1. Water dribbles out from the top hole.
2. Water from the bottom hole flows with increased speed.

Conclusion:
Depth causes water to squirt out with more pressure.

ACTIVITY – 4

Take two liquids of different densities say water and oil to the same level in two plastic containers. Make holes in the two containers at the same level. What do you see? It can be seen that water is squirting out with more pressure than oil. This indicates that pressure depends on density of the liquid.

Aim :
To demonstrate pressure depends on the density of the liquid.

Materials Required:

1. Two plastic containers
2. Water
3. Oil (Both same volume)
4. Sharp nail

Procedure:

1. Take water and oil to the same level in two plastic containers.
2. Make a hole at the same level in two containers.

Observation:
Water squirts out with more pressure than that of oil.

Conclusion:
Pressure depends on the density of the liquid.

ACTIVITY – 5

Take two identical flasks and fill one flask with water to the 250 cm³ mark and the other with kerosene to the same 250 cm³ mark. Measure them in a balance. The flask filled with water will be heavier than the one filled with kerosene. Why? The answer is in finding the mass per unit volume of kerosene and water in respective flasks.

Aim :
To prove that the density of a substance is the mass per unit volume of a given substance.

Materials Required:

1. Two identical flasks.
2. Water
3. Kerosene (same volume as water)

Procedure :

1. Take two identical flasks.
2. Fill one flask with water to 250 cm³ mark.
3. Fill the other flask with kerosene to the same 250 cm³ mark.
4. Measure both flasks in balance separately.

Observation :
The flask filled with water will be heavier than that of the flask filled with kerosene.

Conclusion :

1. In the above activity, we know that Both water and kerosene have same volume (i.e.) 250 cm³.
2. The density of the water lg / cm³ and density of kerosene is 0.8g / cm³ mass
3. Density = \(\frac{\text { mass }}{\text { volume }}\), therefore mass = Density x volume
   Hence mass of water = 1g/cm³ x 250 cm³ = 250g
   mass of kerosene = 0.8 g / cm³ x 250 cm³ = 200g
4. Even though, water and kerosene have same volume, they have different densities. So water and kerosene have different masses.
5. Water has more mass than kerosene.
   Hence, we proved that the density of the substance is the mass per unit volume of the substance. [End of the activity]

9th Science Guide Fluids Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer :

Question 1.
Intermolecular forces are stronger in ………………
(a) gases
(b) liquids
(c) solids
(d) all the above
Answer:
(c) solids

Question 2.
Water (or) liquids exert pressure on
(a) Upward direction
(b) Downward direction
(c) Lateral direction
(d) All the above
Answer:
(d) All the above

Question 3.
The pressure does not depend upon
(a) Depth
(b) Area
(c) Density
(d) Acceleration due to gravity
Answer:
(b) Area

Question 4.
Fluids in general are
(a) Gases
(b) liquids
(c) Gases or Liquids
(d) None of these
Answer:
(c) Gases or Liquids

Question 5.
Scuba divers wear special suits to withstand
(a) Low pressure
(b) High pressure
(c) Low temperature
(d) High temperature
Answer:
(b) High pressure

Question 6.
To find out relative density of the substance, with respect to density of water……………C is taken.
(a) 4°
(b) 0°
(c) 100°
(d) 60°
Answer:
(a) 4°

Question 7.
Density Bottle is also called as
(a) Saccharometer
(b) Lactometer
(c) Pycnometer
(d) Barometer
Answer:
(c) Pycnometer

Question 8.
An object completely immersed in fluid displaces its own volume of fluid.
(a) Floatation principle
(b) Principle of buoyancy
(c) Pascal’s law
(d) Archimedes principle
Answer:
(d) Archimedes principle

Question 9.
A solid floats in liquid with a portion of it being submerged. Then
(a) The liquid exerts an upthrust equal to weight of the solid
(b) The weight of the dispersed liquid is equal to the weight of solid
(c) Solid exerts a force equal to its weight on liquid
Choose correct statements
(A) a & b
(B) a & c
(C) b & c
(D) All of these
Answer:
(A) a & b

Question 10.
The principle of “Hydrostatic balance” was devised by
(a) Torricelli
(b) Pascal
(c) Archimedes
(d) Newton
Answer:
(c) Archimedes

Question 11.
Saccharometer is used to measure the density of …………….in a liquid.
(a) Milk
(b) Sugar
(c) Alcohol
(d) Ether
Answer:
(b) Sugar

Question 12.
Most buoyant objects are those with relatively
(a) high volume
(b) higher mass
(c) low density
(d) less viscosity
(A) a & b (B) a & c (C) b & c (D) b&d
Answer:
(B) a & c

Question 13.
If there were no gravity, which of the following will not be there for fluid? (HOTS)
(a) Viscosity
(b) Density
(c) Pressure
(d) upthrust
Answer:
(d) upthrust

Question 14.
Human lung is well adopted to breath at a pressure of ………….kPa.
(a) 106.7
(b) 101.3
(c) 98.4
(d) 33.7
Answer:
(b) 101.3

Question 15.
Petroleum-based products float on the surface of the water. This is due to their low ………….
(a) volume
(b) density
(c) specific gravity
(d) viscosity
(A) a & b (B) a & c (C) a & d (D) b & c
Answer:
(D) b & c

II. Fill in the blanks :

1. It is easy to compress a gas whereas liquids are ………………….
Answer:
Incompressible

2. The net force in a particular direction is called ………………….
Answer:
Thrust

3. All flowing substances, both liquids, and gases are called ………………….
Answer:
Fluids

4. The air pressure at sea level is referred as ………………….
Answer:
Atmospheric pressure

5. The pressure in mines is ………………….than sea level.
Answer:
Greater

6. ………………….is the instrument used to measure the atmospheric pressure.
Answer:
Barometer

7. On each lm2 of surface, the force acting is ………………….
Answer:
1.013 kN

8. ………………….is a device for measuring atmospheric pressure without the use of liquids.
Answer:
Aneroid Barometer

9. Absolute Pressure is zero-referenced against a ………………….
Answer:
Perfect Vaccum

10. Psi stands for ………………….
Answer:
Pascal per inch

11. A tyre pressure of 30psi is almost ………………….the atmospheric pressure.
Answer:
Twice

12. The density of the substance is the …………………. of a given substance.
Answer:
mass per unit volume

13. Hydrometer is based on the principle of ………………….
Answer:
Flotation

14. The upward force that is caused due to the pressure difference in liquid (or fluid) is called ………………….
Answer:
Buoyant force

15. Hot air is ………………….dense than ordinary air.
Answer:
less

16. The Lactometer works on the principle of ………………….of milk.
Answer:
gravity

17. Icebergs and ships stay afloat due to ………………….
Answer:
Buoyancy

18. Archimedes principle is the consequence of ………………….
Answer:
Pascal’s law

19. The point in which the force of buoyancy is supposed to act is known as …………………..
Answer:
Centre of buoyancy

20. The centre of gravity of the floating body and the centre of buoyance are in the same ………………….line.
Answer:
Vertical

21. In a fluid, buoyant force exists because the pressure at the ………………….of an object is greater than the pressure at the top.
Answer:
bottom

III. Match the following :

(I)

Answer:
1. d
2. c
3. b
4. a

(II)

Answer:
1. c
2. d
3. a
4. b

IV. State whether true or false. If false, correct the statement:

1. The shape and size of the solids do not easily change.
Answer:
True.

2. Liquid exerts pressure in the upward direction.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Liquid exerts pressure in all directions.

3. The barometer works by balancing the Mercury in the glass tube along with the outside air pressure.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: The barometer works by balancing the Mercury in the glass tube against the outside air pressure.

4. The absolute pressure is zero-referenced against atmospheric pressure.
Answer:
False.

Correct statement: The absolute pressure is zero-referenced against a perfect vacuum.

5. The external pressure applied on an incompressible liquid is transmitted uniformly throughout the liquid.
Answer:
True.

6. The correct lactometer reading is only obtained at a temperature of 60° C.
Answer:
True.

7. If the buoyant force is less, the object will float.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: If the buoyant force is less, the object will sink.

8. If the volume of object is above the water surface, then the object is less densed.
Answer:
True.

9. Upthrust = weight of the fluid displaced – apparent weight of the object.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Upthrust = Weight of the fluid displaced – apparent loss of weight of the object.

10. Salt water provides less buoyant force than freshwater.
Answer:
False.
Correct statement: Salt water provides more buoyant force than freshwater.

V. Very Short Answer Questions :

Question 1.
Differentiate Liquid from Gas.
Answer:
It is easy to compress a Gas. The liquid is Incompressible.

Question 2.
What is the SI unit of pressure?
Answer:
Newton per squaremeter (Nm^-2).

Question 3.
What are factors determining liquid pressure?
Answer:
(i) Depth (b) (ii) Density bf Liquid (□) (iii) Acceleration due to gravity (g).

Question 4.
Write the equation for pressure due to liquid column.
Answer:
P = hg ; P – Pressure, h- depth, p- density, g – Acceleration due to gravity.

Question 5.
What is referred to as atmospheric pressure?
Answer:
Air pressure at sea level is referred to as atmospheric pressure.

Question 6.
Expand the abbreviation ‘psi’.
Answer:
Psi = Pascal per inch.

Question 7.
What are Force multipliers?
Answer:
Hydraulic systems are known as-force multipliers.

Question 8.
Write the SI unit & symbol for density?
Answer:
SI unit = kilogram per meter cube (kg / m³).
Symbol = rho (ρ).

Question 9.
Where do we use lactometers?
Answer:
In milk processing units and Dairies.

VI. Answer in brief :

Question 1.
What happens when pressure is increased in solids?
Answer:
If the pressure is increased in solids

• it experiences tension
• it ultimately deforms (or) breaks.

Question 2.
How will you calculate fluid pressure?
Answer:

Question 3.
How will you find the absolute pressure?
Answer:

1. For pressures higher than atmospheric pressure:
   Absolute pressure = Atmospheric pressure + Gauge pressure.
2. For pressures lower than atmospheric pressure:
   Absolute pressure = Atmospheric pressure – Gauge pressure.

Question 4.
Why do Scuba divers wear special suits and equipment?
Answer:

1. Deep-sea has pressure twice that of atmospheric pressure.
2. At high pressure, parts of our body including blood vessels & soft tissues cannot withstand it.
   Hence they use special suits & equipment for protection.

Question 5.
Define Relative Density.
Answer:
Relative density of a substance is defined as ratio of density of substance to density of water at 4°C.

Question 6.
Name different types of Hydrometers with their applications.
Answer:

Question 7.
What do you understand by the term “Buoyancy”.
Answer:
When a body partially or completely immersed in a liquid (fluid), the pressure is more at the bottom and less at the surface in the liquid.
This Pressure difference causes an upward force called “Buoyant force”. The phenomenon is called ‘Buoyancy’.

Question 8.
How do submarines sink and float in water?
Answer:
Submarines change the level of floating by pumping in and pumping out water into its compartments.

Question 9.
Differentiate positive & negative buoyant.
Answer:
Positive Buoyant

1. Weight of the object is less than the amount of water displaced.
2. More buoyant force
3. Object will float

Negative Buoyant :

1. Weight of the object is more than the amount of water displaced.
2. Less Buoyant force.
3. Object will sink.

Question 10.
You have a bag of cotton and an iron bar, each indicating a mass of 100 kg when measured on a weighing machine. In reality, one is heavier than the other. Can you say which one is heavier and why?
Answer:
The bag containing the iron bar is heavier than cotton.
Reason: Although both of them have the same weight, the bag of the iron bar has less volume so more dense compared to the bag of cotton which has more volume and less dense.

VII. Answer in detail :

Question 1.
Derive an expression for Pressure due to the Liquid column.
Answer:
A tall beaker filled with water to form a liquid column
Area of the cross-section at bottom = A
Height of liquid column = h
The density of the liquid = ρ
Thrust at bottom of liquid column (F) = Weight of liquid.
F = mg …(1) (∵ m – mass of liquid)
Mass,m = ρ × V ……………… (2)
Volume of liquid columñ, V = Area of cross-section (A) × height (h)
V = Ah ………….(3)
Substitute (3) in (2) n, = ρ Ah ………………… (4)
Substitute (4) in (1) F = ρ Ahg ……………….(5)
Pressure (P) = \(\frac{\text { Thrust (F) }}{\text { Area (A) }}=\frac{\rho \text { A h g }}{\mathrm{A}}\)
∴ P = hpg – This is the expression for pressure due to the liquid column.

Question 2.
Describe the construction and working of the Pycnometer.
Answer:
Pycnometer (Density Bottle)

Purpose: To measure relative density.

Construction :

1. Pycnometer consists of a ground glass stopper with a fine hole through it.
2. When the bottle is filled and the stopper is inserted, the excess liquid rises through the hole and runs down outside the bottle.

Working:

1. The bottle will always contain the same volume of liquid at a constant temperature.
2. The density of the given volume of substance to the density of equal volume of referred substance is called relative density or specific gravity of the substance.

Question 3.
Explain the Archimedes principle with an example.
Answer:
Principle:
A body immersed in a fluid experiences a vertical upward buoyant force equal to the fluid it displaces.

Explanation:
(1) When a body is partially or completely immersed in a fluid at rest, it experiences an upthrust which is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by it.

(2) Due to the upthrust, the body loses a part of its weight equal to upthrust.
Upthrust = Weight of the fluid displaced.
= Apparent loss of weight of the body.
Apparent weight of an object = True weight of object in air – upthrust.

Question 4.
Describe the purpose, principle and working of Lactometer.
Answer:
Purpose: Lactometer is an instrument to check the purity of milk.
Principle: Gravity of milk.

Construction :

1. Lactometer consists of a long graduated test tube with a cylindrical bulb.
2. The cylindrical bulb has graduation from 15 at the top and 45 at the bottom, which filled with mercury.
3. The test tube is filled with water.
4. The air chamber causes the instrument to float.
5. Mercury causes lactometer to sink up proper level and to float in an upright position in the milk.
6. There is a thermometer inside the lactometer that extends to the upper part of test tube.

Working:

1. The correct lactometer reading is only obtained at 60°C.
2. Lactometer measures the cream (density) content of milk.
3. Lactometer floats in milk if milk has more cream content.
4. The average reading of normal milk is 32.

VIII. Numerical Problems :

Question 1.
A vessel with water is placed on a weighing pan and it reads 600 g. Now a ball of mass 40 g and density is 0.80g / cm3 is sunk into the water with a pin of negligible volume as shown in the figure. The weighing pan will show the reading of …………….?

Solution :
Weight of vessel with water = 600g
Mass of ball = 40g
Density of bal = 0.80 g / cm³
Volume of the ball = \(\frac{\text { mass }}{\text { density }}=\frac{40}{0.80}\)= 50g
So, weight of vessel + volume of ball = 600 + 50 g
The weighing pan will show = 650g
The weighing pan will show = 650g
The reading of a spring balance when a block is suspended from it in air is 60 newton. This reading is changed to 40 newton when the block is submerged in water. Calculate the specific gravity of block.
60 – 40 = 20 newton Weight of block in air
Loss of weight in water 60-newton / 20 newton = 3

Question 2.
The reading of a spring balance when a block is suspended from it in air is 60 newton. This reading is changed to 40 newtons when the block ¡s submerged in water. Calculate the specific gravity of block.
Solution:
Weight of block in air = 60 newton
Loss of weight of block in water = 60 – 40 = 20 newton

The specific gravity of block = 3

Question 3.
The mass of a body ¡s 4 kg and its volume is 500 cm³. Find its relative density.
Solution:
Massofthebodym = 4kg = 4000g
Volume ofthebodyv = 500 cm³

Question 4.
Calculate the pressure produced by a force of 800 N acting on an area of 2.0 m²
Solution :
Force = 800 N
Area = 2.0m²
Pressure, P =\(\frac{\text { Force }}{\text { Area }}=\frac{800}{2.0}\) = 400 Nm^-2
Pressure P = 400 Nm^-2 (or) 400 Pa

Question 5.
A swimming pool of width 9.0 m and length 24.0 m is filled with water of depth 3.0 m. Calculate the pressure on the bottom of the pool due to the water.
Solution:
Width of the pool, b = 9.0 m
Length of the pool, h = 24.0 m
Depth ofthepool,h = 3.0m
Density of water, p 1000 kg/m³
Pressure due to column of Fluid, P = ρhg
Acceleration due to gravity, g = 9.8 m/s²
Substituting the values, P = ρhg
P = 100kgm^-3 × (3.0m) × (9.8ms^-2)
Pressure, P = 29400kgm^-1s^-2      ∵1Pa = 1kgm^-1s^-2
∴P = 29400 Nm^-2 (or) 29400Pa

Question 6.
A body of volume 100 cc is immersed completely in the weight of water and the jar before immersion of the weight of water and jar after immersion.
Answer:
Volume of body completely immersed in water, V = = 100cc
Weight of water and jar before Immersion = 700g
The volume of jar immersed in water = Volume of water displaced = 100cc
Density of water = 1g/cm³
Mass of water displaced = Apparent weight loss
Mass of water displaced = Volume × density
= 100cc × 1g/cm³
Apparent weight loss of body = 100 g
Weight of jar and water after immersion = Weight of water and jar before immersion – Apparent weight loss
= 700g – 100g
= 600g.

IX. Assertion and Reason :

(a) Mark the correct choice as:
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If assertion is false but reason is true.

Question 1.
Assertion (A) : The buoyant force on submerged rigid object can be considered to be acting at the centre of mass of object.
Reason (R) : In rigid body, force distributed uniformly through its volume can be considered to be acting at the centre of mass of the body.
Answer:
(c) Assertion is true but reason is false]
Reason : Centre of the mass of the body is fixed according to the distribution of density.

Question 2.
Assertion (A): The weight of the truck exerts less pressure on road.
Reason (R): The truck has six to eight wheels. As area increases pressure decreases.
Answer:
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion

Question 3.
Assertion (A): Air gets thinner with increasing altitude.
Reason (R): The atmospheric pressure increases as we go up in mountains.
Answer:
(c) Assertion is true but the reason is false
Reason: The atmospheric pressure decreases as we go up in mountains.

Question 4.
Assertion (A) : Lactometer is used to check the purity of milk.
Reason (R) : Lactometer measures the cream content of milk.
Answer:
(b) Both assertion and reason are true but the reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion
(b) Directions: In each of the following questions, a statement of Assertion (A) is given followed by a corresponding statement of Reason (R) just below it. Of the statements, mark the correct answer as :

Question 5.
Assertion (A) : The force acting on the surface of a liquid at rest, under gravity, in a container is always horizontal.
Reason (R) : The forces acting on a fluid at rest have to be normal to the surface.
Answer:
(d) Assertion is false but reason is true
Reason: The force acting on the surface of liquid at rest, under gravity, in a container is always perpendicular due to the fact that molecules at the surface is attracted by the molecules below the surface (i.e) an inward attraction.

Question 6.
Assertion (A): A sleeping mattress is so designed that when you lie on it, a large area of your body comes in its contact.
Reason (R) : This reduces the pressure on the body and sleeping becomes comfortable.
Answer:
(a) Both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion]

Question 7.
Assertion (A): Wide wooden sleepers are kept below railway lines to reduce pressure on the railway tracks and prevent them from sinking in the ground.
Reason (R): Pressure is directly proportional to the area in which it is acting.
Answer:
(c) Assertion is true but the reason is false
Reason: Pressure is inversely proportional to the area in which it is acting.

X. Define the following

1. Define thrust: The force which produces compression is called thrust. Its S.I units is newton
2. Define pressure: Thrust acting normally to a unit area of a surface is called pressure. Its S.I. Unit is the pascal.
3. Define atmospheric pressure: The pressure exerted by the atmospheric gases on its surroundings and on the surface of the earth is called atmospheric pressure. 1 atm is the pressure exerted by a vertical column of mercury of 76 cm height.
4. Buoyant force: The upward force experienced by a body when partly or fully immersed in a fluid is called upthrust or buoyant force.
5. Pascal’s law: Pascal’s law states that an increase in pressure at any point inside a liquid at rest is transmitted equally and without any change, in all directions to every other point in the liquid.
6. Archimedes principle: Archimedes’ principle states that when a body is partially or wholly immersed in a fluid, it experiences an up thrust or apparent loss of weight, which is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by the immersed part of the body.
7. Density: Density is known as mass per unit volume of a body. Its S.I. unit is kg nr5.
8. Relative density: Relative density is the ratio between the density of a substance and the density of water. The relative density of a body is a pure number and has no unit.
9. Hydrometer: A hydrometer is a device used to measure the relative density of liquids based on Archimedes’ principle.
10. Lactometer: Lactometer is a device used to check the purity of milk by measuring its density using Archimedes’principle.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 4th English Guide Pdf Term 3 Prose Chapter 3 The Struggling Star Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 4th English Solutions Term 3 Prose Chapter 3 The Struggling Star

4th English Guide The Struggling Star Text Book Back Questions and Answers

A. Choose the best answer.

Question 1.
Kartik is ___________
(a) Deaf
(a) Blind
(c) Dumb
Answer:
(b) blind

Question 2.
The Delhi government did not allow blind children to study science after ___________
(a) 8th standard
(b) 10th standard
(c) 12th standard
Answer:
(b) 10th standard

Question 3.
Finally, ___________ he got permission to study Science.
(a) After 11 months
(b) After 7 months
(c) After 9 months
Answer:
(c) After 9 months

Question 4.
He got an admission to study at Stanford University ___________
(a) In the USA
(b) In the UK .
(c) In Russia
Answer:
(a) In the USA

B. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What subject did he like the most?
Answer:
He liked science the most.

Question 2.
How many marks did he score in his 12th board exam?
Answer:
He got more than 95% in his 12th board exam.

Question 3.
What was his dream?
Answer:
His dream was to study in an IIT.

Question 4.
Is there something that you will struggle for? why?
Answer:
I will struggle for the disabled to get a chance to study. Because they have the right to learn.

Question 5.
What was Farhan’s father advice to his son?
Answer:
Farhan’s father advises that, if we work hard, there will always be support for us.

I. Match the word with its meaning.

Question 1.
Potential – desire
Answer:
Potential – ability

Question 2.
Permission – ability
Answer:
permission – approval

Question 3.
passion – approval
Answer:
passion – desire

II. Link the correct opposites.

Question 1.
Remember × dull
Answer:
Remember × forget

Question 2.
bright × bad
Answer:
Bright × dull

Question 3.
good × forget
Answer:
good × bad

III. Fill in the blanks.

1. Kartik studied in ____________ public school..
Answer:
Delhi

Question 2.
He refused to let his ___________ come in his way.
Answer:
Disability

Question 3.
His love for ____________ helped him get more than 95% in his 12th board exam.
Answer:
Science

Question 4.
He will try to make sure that all the ____________ crore people reach their full potential.
Answer:
130

IV. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What is young leaders award?
Answer:
It is an award given to 17 people from around the world every year. It recognises the effort taken by them to make the world a better place.

Question 2.
Who is Kartik?
Answer:
Kartik is a blind technologist who has empowered many other people with disabilities to be successful IT engineers.

Question 3.
What is Farhan’s father’s opinion about ‘change’?
Answer:
Farhan’s father feels that change takes time. We should take work hard and be patient if we want to see change happen around us.

A. Match the masculine noun with the feminine noun.

Question 1.
Son – princess
Answer:
Son – daughter

Question 2.
Tiger – heroine
Answer:
Tiger – tigress

Question 3.
King – daughter
Answer:
King – queen

Question 4.
Prince – queen
Answer:
Prince – princess

Question 5.
Hero – tigress
Answer:
Hero – heroine

B. Change the masculine noun to feminine noun in the given sentences.

Question 1.
My uncle presented me a watch. __________
Answer:
Aunty

Question 2.
A young man was driving the car. _____________
Answer:
Woman

Question 3.
May I come in sir? _____________
Answer:
Madam

Question 4.
The waiter took the order. ____________
Answer:
Waitress

Question 5.
The rooster scratched the earth for worms. ____________
Answer:
Hen

C. Complete each sentence by using the following words.

Question 1.
Farmer John has four cows and two ____________.
Answer:
Bulls

Question 2.
The bridegroom and the ____________ entered the hall.
Answer:
Bride

Question 3.
The ___________ and queen attended the court.
Answer:
King

Question 4.
Charles greeted his ___________ and aunt.
Answer:
Uncle

Question 5.
I played with my nephew and ___________
Answer:
Niece

Match the Masculine noun with the Feminine noun.

Question 1.
poet – lady.
Answer:
poet – poetess

Question 2.
host – wife
Answer:
host – hostess

Question 3.
Husband – hostess
Answer:
Husband – wife

Question 4.
Gentleman – poetess
Answer:
Gentleman – lady

Question 5.
monk – spinster
Answer:
monk – nun

Question 6.
wizard – headmistress
Answer:
Wizard – witch

Question 7.
Bachelor – witch
Answer:
Bachelor – spinster

Question 8.
Headmaster – nun
Answer:
Headmaster – headmistress

The Struggling Star Summary in English and Tamil

Farhan and his father are reading the newspaper the favourite part of his morning. He gets up, brushes his teeth, drinks his milk and sits with his father to read the news every day.

தனக்கு மிகவும் பிடித்த ஒன்றான காலையில் நாளிதழ் வாசிக்கும் செயலை, பர்ஹான் தன் தந்தையுடன்செய்து கொண்டிருந்தான். அவன் தினமும் காலையில் எழுந்து, பல்துலக்கி, பால் குடித்துவிட்டு தன் தந்தையாருடன் அமர்ந்து கொண்டு செய்திகளை வாசிப்பான்.

Farhan: Abbu, what is this y-o-u-n-9 leaders award? Father: It is young leaders award. It is given to only 17 people from around the world every year. It recognises the effort they have taken to make the world a better place.

பர்ஹான் : அப்பு, இந்த இளம் தலைவர்கள் விருது என்றால் என்ன?, தந்தையார் : இது இளம் தலைவர்களுக்கானவிருதாகும். இது உலகம் முழுவதும் உள்ள, மொத்தமே 17 பேருக்கு தான் ஒவ்வொரு வருடமும் வழங்கப்படுகிறது. உலகை ஒரு நல்ல வாழ்விடமாக மாற்றுவதற்காக அவர்கள் எடுத்த முயற்சிக்கான அங்கீகாரமே இந்த விருதாகும்.

Farhan: Wow! Only 17? I am so proud that an Indian has got this award. Father: Do you know why he got it? Farhan: No, can you please tell me? Father: I am happy that you asked. It is very important to not only be proud when we see or hear such news. We should also… Farhan: Learn from it! Yes, Abbu I remember this. Father: Very good! Kartik is a technologist who has not let his disability stop him from learning. Not only that, he has empowered other people with disabilities to be successful IT engineers.

பர்ஹான் : வாவ்! வெறும் 17 பேர் தானா? ஓர் இந்தியருக்கு இந்த விருது கிடைத்தது எனக்குபெருமிதமாக உள்ளது. தந்தை : அவருக்கு எதற்கு அது அளிக்கப்பட்டதென தெரியுமா? பர்ஹான் : தெரியாது, எதற்கு என எனக்கு தயவு செய்து கூற முடியுமா?தந்தை : நீ கேட்டது எனக்கு சந்தோஷமாக உள்ளது.இதில் முக்கியமானதென்னவென்றால், – இம்மாதிரி செய்திகளை பார்ப்பதோ கேட்பதோ முக்கியமல்ல, நாம்…. பர்ஹான் : இதிலிருந்து கற்றுக்கொள்ள வேண்டும்.ஆம் அப்பு, நான் இதை நினைவில் கொண்டுள்ளேன். 95 தந்தை : மிக நன்று. கார்த்திக் ஒரு தொழிநுட்ப நிபுணர். அவர் தன்னுடைய உடல் குறைபாடு, தான் கல்வி பயிலுவதை தடுக்க அனுமதிக்கவில்லை . அதுமட்டுமல்ல, இது போல் உடற்குறைபாடுகள் உள்ள மற்றோரையும் வெற்றிகரமான தகவல் தொழில்நுட்ப பொறியாளர்களாக மாற்றியுள்ளார்.

Farhan: What disability?Father: Kartik is blind. Let me tell you the story of his childhood. Kartik studied in Delhi Public School in New Delhi. He was a smart and bright student. Kartik did well in all subjects but he liked science the most. Everything was good for Kartik till his 10th standard After scorina full marks in 10th standard public exam, Kartik wanted to study Science in 11th and 12th standard.

பர்ஹான் : உடற்குறைபாடு என்றால் என்ன? தந்தை : கார்த்திக் கண் பார்வை அற்றவர். அவருடைய கதையை நான் உனக்கு கூறுகிறேன். டெல்லி பப்ளிக்பள்ளியில் படித்த அவர் ஒரு சாமர்த்தியமான, சிறந்த மாணவர். கார்த்திக் எல்லா பாடங்களிலும் சிறப்பாக தேர்ந்திருந்தாலும், அவருக்கு அறிவியல் தான் மிகவும் பிடிக்கும். பத்தாம் வகுப்பு பயிலும் வரை கார்த்திக்குக்கு அனைத்தும் சிறப்பாக இருந்தது. பத்தாம் வகுப்பிற்கான பொதுத் ‘ தேர்வில் முழு மதிப்பெண்கள் எடுத்ததும், கார்த்திக் அறிவியல் பாடமாகக் கொண்டு 11 மற்றும் 12ம் வகுப்பு படிக்க எண்ணினார்

Farhan: I am sure, he got it. He got full marks in 10th exams! Father: No. Actually, the government rule in Delhi did not allow blind children to study science after 10th standard. Farhan: I do not think that’s fair. Everyone should be able to study what they like! Father: This is what Kartik also felt. He loved Science, and he wanted to study that. He refused to let his disability come in the way: He challenged the government and held campaigns to get permission. Finally, after nine months, he get permission to study science. Not only that, he made sure that all blind students have permission to study Science if they want!

பர்ஹான் : அவருக்கு அது நிச்சயம் கிடைத்திருக்கும்.ஏனெனில் அவர் 10ம் வகுப்பு தேர்வுகளில் முழு மதிப்பெண்களை பெற்றிருந்தாரே!தந்தை : இல்லை . ஏனெனில் தில்லியில் உள்ள அரசு விதிப்படி, பார்வை இழந்த மாணவர்கள் பத்தாம்வகுப்பிற்கு பிறகு அறிவியல் பயில இயலாது. பர்ஹான் : இது சரியல்ல என்று நான் எண்ணுகிறேன். தான் விரும்புவதை படிக்க அனைவராலும் இயலவேண்டும். தந்தை : இதையேதான் கார்த்திக்கும் நினைத்தார். அவருக்கு அறிவியல் படிக்க விருப்பம் இருந்ததால், அதை பயில அவர் விரும்பினார். அதற்கு தன் உடற்குறைபாடு குறுக்கிடுவதை அவர் விரும்பவில்லை.அனுமதி பெறுவதற்காக அவர் அரசை எதிர்த்து பல பிரசார கூட்டங்களை நடத்தினார். முடிவில் ஒன்பது மாதங்களுக்குப் பிறகு அறிவியல் பயில அவருக்கு அனுமதி கிட்டியது. அது மட்டுமல்ல, மற்ற பார்வையற்ற மாணவர்களும் விரும்பும் பட்சத்தில் அறிவியல்பயிலுவதை அவர் உறுதிப்படுத்தினார்.

Farhan: Wow! 9 months is so long! I am sure I would have given up. Father: Change takes time Farhan. We should take work hard and be patient if we want to see change happen around us. Like Kartik was the first blind student in India to study Science. Farhan: What did Kartik do after that? Father: Kartik’s dream and passion were never limited. His love for Science helped him get more than 95% in his 12th board exam. His dream was to study in an IIT. IIT is one of the best colleges in our country! Farhan: I want to study in IIT too!

பர்ஹான் : வாவ்! ஒன்பது மாதங்களுக்கு பிறகா! நானாக இருந்தால் கைவிட்டிருப்பேன்!தந்தை : மாறுதலுக்கு காலம் தேவைப்படும் பர்ஹான். எவ்வாறு கார்த்திக் இந்தியாவில் அறிவியல் பயின்ற முதல் பார்வையற்ற மாணவராய் ஆனாரோ, அதே போல நம்மை சுற்றி மாற்றம்ஏற்படுவதைகாண வேண்டுமென்றால், அதற்கு நாம் கடுமையானஉழைப்புடன், பொறுமையோடும் இருக்க வேண்டும். பர்ஹான் : அதன் பிறகு கார்த்திக் என்ன செய்தார்? தந்தை : கார்த்திக்கின் கனவும், விருப்பமும் அளவிலடங்காதவை. அறிவியலின் மீதான அவரது விருப்பம் 12ம் வகுப்பு தேர்வில் அவரை 95% மதிப்பெண்க ளுக்கும் மேல் பெற வைத்தது. ஐஐடியில் படிப்பது அவருடைய கனவாக இருந்தது. ஐஐடி நாட்டின்தலைசிறந்த கல்லூரிகளில் ஒன்றாகும். பர்ஹான் : நானும் ஐஐடியில் பயில விரும்புகிறேன்.

Father: Good! But only if you want to study Science. Every subject has different best colleges. We will talk about that some other day. So, as I was saying, he wanted to study in the IIT But, none of the sixteen IITs in India enrolled him.

தந்தை : நல்லது. ஆனால் அது நீ அறிவியல் பயில் விரும்பினால் மட்டுமே! ஒவ்வொரு பாடத்திற்கும் பலசிறந்த கல்லூரிகள் உள்ளன. அதைப் பற்றி நாம் வேறொரு நாள் பேசுவோம். எனவே, நான் கூறியது போல, அவர் ஐஐடியில் படிக்க விரும்பினார், ஆனால் நாட்டில் உள்ள 16 ஐஐடிகளில் எதுவும் அவரை சேர்த்துக் கொள்ளவில்லை .

Farhan: What? Again? Father: Yes, Kartik was sincere and learned well. He was also very good at Science. But our colleges did not recognise his talent and treated him unfairly.

பர்ஹான் : ஏன்? மறுபடியுமா? தந்தை : ஆம், கார்த்திக் உண்மையானவராகவும்நன்கு பயில்பவராகவும் இருந்தார். அவர் அறிவியலில் மிகச் சிறந்தவர். ஆனாலும் நம் கல்லூரிகள் அவரது திறமையை அங்கீகரிக்காமல், அவரை நியாயமின்றி நடத்தின.

Farhan: Then? Did he change their mind Father: Yes, he did! After many months too? he made the colleges open their doors to blind students. This helped nearly 15 blind students to study engineering in these colleges. I Farhan: He must be a strong person. Father: Yes, he is strong. He is strong in his beliefs and learnings. He is strong in the effort he puts. What do you think he did after that? Farhan: He must have studied in the IIT. Father: No, he did not. He got an admission to study at Stanford University in the USA. It is one of the best colleges in the world. He went there and studied computers. Farhan: Amazing!

பர்ஹான் : பிறகு? அவர் அவர்களின் மனதையும் மாற்றிவிட்டாரா? தந்தை : ஆம், அவர்களின் மனதையும் மாற்றிவிட்டார்.பல மாதங்களுக்கு பிறகு கல்லூரிகள் பார்வையற்ற மாணவர்களுக்கும் தங்கள் கதவுகளை திறக்க அனுமதி பெற்றார். இதன்மூலம் சுமார் 15 பார்வையற்ற மாணவர்கள் பொறியியல் படிக்இணைந்தனர். பர்ஹான் : அவர் மிகவும் உறுதியான மனிதராக இருக்க வேண்டும்.  தந்தை : ஆம்! அவர் வலிமையானவர் தான். அவர்தனது நம்பிக்கைகளிலும், அறியும் திறனிலும் உறுதியானவராய் இருந்தார். தான் எடுக்கும் முயற்சிகளில் அவர் உறுதியானவராய் இருந்தார். இதன் பிறகு அவர் என்ன செய்தாரென்று தெரியுமா? பர்ஹான் : அவர் ஐஐடில் பயின்றிருப்பார்! தந்தை : இல்லை , அவர் அவ்வாறு செய்யவில்லை.அமெரிக்காவில் உள்ள ஸ்டேன்போர்ட் பல்கலை கழகத்தில் பயில்வதற்கு அவருக்கு அனுமதி கிடைத்தது. உலகின் சிறந்த கல்லூரிகளில் அதுவும் ஒன்றாகும்.அங்கு அவர் சென்று கணினி படிப்பை படித்தார். பர்ஹான் : அற்புதம்!

Father: He also started two more companies that aim at helping children with disabilities reach their full potential. He believes that education and technology are important to ensure children learn and sustain themselves. He says that he will try for many more months and years to come to make sure that all the 130 crore people reach their full potential. Farhan: He is inspiring. I will also work hard and achieve my dreams, even if I don’t always have the support I need Father: Very good! If we work hard, there will always be support for us. Sometimes the support comes from outside, but many times it comes from within us. Now, go get ready. It is time to go to school. Farhan: Yes Abbu.

தந்தை : ஊனமுற்ற, குறைபாடுள்ள குழந்தைகள் தங்களுடைய முழு திறமை (சாதனை) களைஅடைய உதவுவதற்காக இரண்டு நிறுவனங்களைத் துவங்கினார். கல்வி, தொழில்நுட்பம் ஆகிய இரண்டுமே, குழந்தைகள் பயின்று தங்களை நிலைநிறுத்திக் கொள்ள முக்கியமானவையாகும் என அவர்நம்பினார். பல மாதங்களும், வருடங்களும் உழைத்து 130 கோடி மக்களும் தங்கள் முழு திறனை அடைவதனை உறுதிசெய்ய தாம் முயலப் போவதாகவும் அவர் தெரிவித்தார். மனிதராக உள்ளார். நானும் கடுமையாய் உழைத்து என் கனவுகளை, ஆதரவு இல்லாவிட்டாலும்கூட தந்தை : மிகவும் நல்லது. நாம் கடுமையாய்உழைத்தால் நமக்கு எப்போதும் ஆதரவு கிட்டும். சில 12 நேரங்களில் அது வெளியிலிருந்து வரும், ஆனால் பல நேரங்களில் நம் உள்ளிருந்தே வரும். இப்போது பள்ளி செல்லும் நேரமாகிவிட்டதால், தயாராகு. பர்ஹான் : சரி, அப்பா .

The Struggling Star Glossary

Campaigns – activities for some specific purpose
Disability – handicap
Empowered – to give the authority or power
Ensure – to make sure
Enrolled – to be listed
Favourite – most liked
Inspiring – to influence/attract
Potential – talent / ability
Permission – approval
Passion – desire
Recognize – to know/ accept someone or something
Sustain – keep going
Successful – victorious
Sincere – honest
Unfairly – unjust

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 4th English Guide Pdf Term 3 Prose Chapter 2 Bala Spins Magic Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 4th English Solutions Term 3 Prose Chapter 2 Bala Spins Magic

4th English Guide Bala Spins Magic Text Book Back Questions and Answers

A. Fill in the blanks.

Question 1.
Appa weaves beautiful sarees with _______________
Answer:
Checks or patterns

Question 2.
____________ had made Math easy for Bala.
Answer:
Veera thatha

Question 3.
Nithin had many ___________ toys.
Answer:
Electrical

Question 4.
Bala’s home doesn’t have ___________
Answer:
Electricity

Question 5.
Nithin’s mom said that Bala’s father is a _____________
Answer:
Weaving

B. Answer the questions.

Question 1.
What did Bala want to learn?
Answer:
Bala wanted to learn more about things related to their weaving profession.

Question 2.
How did Bala help Amma and sisters?
Answer:
Bala helped his Amma and sisters to roll, press and pack the sarees.

Question 3.
Why did Bala go to Chennai with his father?
Answer:
Bala went to Chennai with his father to help him carry the sarees.

Question 4.
What did Bala teach Nithin?
Answer:
Bala taught Nithin to spin the cotton yarn.

Question 5.
What would you like to learn in school? why?
Answer:
Apart from academics, I would like to learn drawing and painting in school. Because it will relax our mind.

I. Match the word with its meaning.

Question 1.
Quiet – packages
Answer:
Quiet – calm

Question 2.
Rich – calm
Answer:
Rich – wealthy

Question 3.
Bundles – wealthy
Answer:
Bundles – packages

II. Link the correct opposites.

Question 1.
long × after
Answer:
long × short

Question 2.
Before × less
Answer:
before × after

Question 3.
more × short
Answer:
more × less

III. Choose the correct option.

Question 1.
Bala and his family lived in ____________ village.
(a) Nemam
(b) Seriya Negamam
(c) Periya Negamam
Answer:
(c) Periya Negamam

Question 2.
Bala’s family profession was
(a) Fishing .
(b) Weaving
(c) Herding
Answer:
(b) Weaving

Question 3.
Bala’s parents weave bundles of ____________ into beautiful sarees.
(a) Cotton
(b) Silk
(c) Rayons
Answer:
(a) Cotton

Question 4.
Bala and his father left Coimbatore junction in a ___________ to Chennai.
(a) Bus
(b) Train
(c) Van
Answer:
(b) Train

Question 5.
They went to Purasaiwalkam, where Appa’s __________ lived.
(a) Brother
(b) Sister
(c) Friend
Answer:
(c) Friend

IV. Fill in the blanks.

Question 1.
Bala could not read the big ____________ put in the city.
Answer:
Instructions

Question 2.
Nithin struggled but soon learnt to __________
Answer:
Spin

Question 3.
Bala’s family came from a long line of _________ weavers.
Answer:
Handloom

Question 4.
Appa was showing the ___________ to the aunty and trying to sell it to her.
Answer:
Saree

V. Write True or False.

Question 1.
Bala saw Appa and Amma weave bundles of cotton into beautiful sarees.
Answer:
True

Question 2.
The train journey was very comfortable for Bala.
Answer:
False

Question 3.
Bala dug Appa’s bag to get some saree.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
Nithin struggled but soon learnt to spin.
Answer:
True

VI. Identify the speaker / character.

Question 1.
“Don’t worry Bala. Our return will be more comfortable”.
Answer:
Bala’s Appa to Bala

Question 2.
“Mom! There’s a man with two bundles to meet you”.
Answer:
Nithin to his mom

Question 3.
“This is Rattai”.
Answer:
Bala to Nithin

Question 4..
“Well naturally, his father is a magician too”.
Answer:
Nithin’s mom to Nithin

VII. Answer the questions.

Question 1.
Where did Bala and his family live?
Answer:
Bala’s family lived in a tiled roof house at Periya Negamam village, near Pollachi.

Question 2.
What do you know about Bala’s family?
Answer:
Bala’s family came from a long line of handloom weavers. They workedm hard and perfected the art of drawing, dying, warping and weaving the yarn.

Question 3.
Why did Bala and Appa go to Chennai?
Answer:
Bala and Appa went to Chennai with bags of sarees to sell them directly to the ladies in Chennai for a better price than they sell to the traders in Pollachi or Coimbatore.

Question 4.
Explain the journey to Chennai by Appa and Bala.
Answer:
Appa and Bala walked to the Periya Negamam bus stop. They waited nearly one hour there for the bus to take them to Coimbatore junction. From there, they left by train to Chennai.

Question 5.
How did Appa try to sell the saree to Nithin’s mother?
Answer:
Appa showed the saree to Nithin’s mother. He made each saree sound special and unique. He even draped the saree over him to show the design.

Question 6.
Describe Nithin’s room.
Answer:
Nithin’s room was full of toys. Most of his toys had some electrical control. In one corner of the room there was a spinning wheel.

Question 7.
How did Bala spin yarn?
Answer:
Bala took cotton fluff and attached to the spinning wheel. He moved his fingers skillfully and turned the wheel all the while, to make the yarn.

Question 8.
Why did Nithin’s mother call Bala’s Appa a real magician?
Answer:
Nithin’s mother called Bala’s Appa as a real weaving magician because he had woven beautiful unique sarees which she had bought.

A. Let us learn a few more words by joining the dots. Join the dots and fill the table below.

Question 1.

Answer:

1. Subway – underground
2. Holiday – vacation
3. Closet – curtains
4. Chips – fries
5. Pants – trousers

B. Write the words with same meaning.

Question 1.

Eraser ___________
Answer:
Rubber

Question 2.

Post ___________
Answer:
Mail

Question 3.

dustbin __________
Answer:
Trash can

Question 4.

purse ___________
Answer:
Wallet

Question 5.

tap ____________
Answer:
Faucet

Question 6.

pant _______
Answer:
Trousers

Question 7.

chips ___________
Answer:
Fries

Question 8.

Queue ___________
Answer:
Line

Write the words with same meaning Additional Questions and Answer.

Question 1.
Cot __________
Answer:
Crib

Question 2.
Carpet __________
Answer:
Rug

Question 3.
Fever ___________
Answer:
Sick

Question 4.
Mobile phone __________
Answer:
Cell phone

Question 5.
Timetable _________
Answer:
Schedule

Question 6.
Toilet ___________
Answer:
Restroom

Question 7.
veranda _____________
Answer:
Porch

Bala Spins Magic Summary in English and Tamil

It was a hot afternoon in the quiet village of Periva Naamam near Pollachi The village has tiled roof houses. Bala and his family lived in one such house. He sat under a tree, waiting for his father. He was going with Appa on a long journey.

பொள்ளாச்சிக்கு அருகே பெரிய நெகமம் என்கிற அமைதியான கிராமத்தில் அது ஒரு வெப்பமான மதியநேரம். ஓடுகளால் வேயப்பட்ட கூறை வீடுகளைக் கொண்டது அந்த கிராமம். அதுபோன்ற ஒரு வீட்டில், பாலா தன் குடும்பத்தினருடன் வசித்து வந்தான். தன் தந்தையாருடன் வெகுதூர பயணம் செய்யவிருந்த அவன், ஒரு மரத்தடியில் காத்திருந்தான்.

A fly buzzed near his ear. The pleasant chade of the tree alone with the steady click-clack of the handlooms from the huts nearby made him feel sleepy. He wondered if he could catch some sleep before Appa arrived.

அவன் காதருகே ஒரு பூச்சி பறந்தது. மரங்களின் இதமான நிழலும், கைத்தறி இயக்கத்தின் ‘க்ளிக் -க்ளக்’ என்கிற சீரான சத்தமும், அவனுக்குதூக்கத்தை வரவழைத்துவிட்டது. அவன் தந்தை வருவதற்குள் சிறிது நேரம் உறங்கலாம் என அவன் நினைத்தான்.

Bala, like most of the children in his village, went to school but always wanted to learn more about things related to their family profession weaving. Veera bunches thatha had made math easy for Bala by using skeins of yarn in bunches, sometimes adding all the blue skeins and subtracting the yellow skeins and then doubling the reds and taking away the greens. Bala thought, “This was a fun way to learn Math!”

மற்ற குழந்தைகளைப் போல பாலாவும் பள்ளிக்கு சென்றாலும், தங்களுடைய குலத்தொழிலான நெசவைபற்றி நிறைய அறிந்துகொள்ள அவன் விரும்பினான். மிக எளிதாக கணிதத்தை, தறிநூல் கொத்துக்களை நிறவாரியாக பிரிப்பதின் மூலம் (நீல நிற கொத்துகளை கூட்டுதல், மஞ்சள் நிறத்தை கழித்தல், சிவப்பு நிற கொத்துகளை இரட்டிப்பாக்குதல் மற்றும் பச்சை நிற கொத்துக்களை அகற்றுதல்) அவனுடையவீரா தாத்தா அவனுக்கு சொல்லிக் கொடுத்தார். கணிதத்தை உற்சாகமாய் பயில இதுவும் ஒரு சுலபமான வழிமுறை என்று பாலாவுக்கு தோன்றியது.

Bala’s family came from a long line of handloom weavers. They had perfected the art of drawing, dying, warping and weaving Tne yarn. BUT IT was a hard work. Unless Bala, his mother, father, sisters and cousins helped with the work, could never weave the lengths, he needed.

பாலாவின் குடும்பம், பெரிய தறி நெசவாளர்களின் வழிவந்ததாகும். அவர்கள் வரைதல், சாயமேற்றுதல்,பாவு தோய்த்தல் மற்றும் நூல் நெய்தல் ஆகியவற்றில் முழு நிறைவாகப் பணி செய்யக்கூடியவர்கள் (நிபுணத்துவம் பெற்றவர்கள்). ஆனால் அந்த பணிகள் கடுமையானவையாகும். பாலா, அவன் தாயார், Appa தந்தையார், சகோதரிகள் மற்றும் ஒன்றுவிட்ட உறவினர்ஆகியோர் உதவாவிட்டால், தனியாக அவனது தந்தையாரால் தேவைப்படும் அளவுக்கு நீளமாகநெய்ய இயலாது.

Bala would often see Appa and Amma weave bundles of cotton into beautiful sarees with checks or patterns. He hoped to weave someday. He would also help Amma and sisters, roll, press pack the sarees.

பருத்தி நூல் கட்டுகளைக் கொண்டு கட்டங்களும், வடிவமைப்புகளும் கொண்ட சிறந்த சேலைகளாகபருத்தி நூல் கட்டுகளைக் கொண்டு கட்டங்களும், வடிவமைப்புகளும் கொண்ட சிறந்த சேலைகளாகஅப்பாவும், அம்மாவும் நெய்வதை அவன் கண்டிருக்கிறான். ஒருநாள் தானும் அவ்வாறு செய்வேன் எனவும் அவன் நம்பியிருக்கிறான். தன்னுடைய தாயார் and மற்றும் சகோதரர்களுக்கும், அவன் புடவைகளை மடிக்கவும், இஸ்திரி போட்டு கட்டவும் உதவுவான்.

Bala wondered, “Amma, why you never wear the beautiful sarees we make?”. Amma said, “I can do that only if we become a very rich family.” Bala woke up suddenly as he felt someone tap his head.”Are you ready to go?”, asked Appa. “Yes Appa.”, said Bala and started counting the bags around him.

தன் அம்மாவிடம் அவன் “ஏன் எப்போதுமே நாம் நெய்கிற புது சேலைகளை நீ அணிவதில்லை?” என்று கேட்டான். (அவன் தாயார் அதற்கு “நாமபணக்காரராக ஆனால் மட்டுமே அவ்வாறு என்னால் அணிய முடியும்” என்று கூறுவார். அவன் தலையில் யாரோ தட்டுவதை உணர்ந்து பாலாவிழித்தெழுந்தான். “நீ கிளம்ப தயாராகி விட்டாயா?” என அவன் அப்பா கேட்டார். “ஆம், அப்பா” என கூறிய அவன், தன்னை சுற்றியிருந்தபைகளைஎண்ண ஆரம்பித்தான்.

Bala.was going with Appa to Chennai to help him carry the sarees. Appa said “We will get a better price for the sarees, if we sell directly to ladies in Chennai than to traders in Pollachi or Coimbatore.”

தன் தந்தையார் சென்னைக்கு சேலைகளை கொண்டு செல்வதற்கு உதவ பாலாவும் சென்று கொண்டிருந்தான்.”பொள்ளாச்சி அல்லது கோயமுத்தூரில் உள்ள வியாபாரிகளுக்கு விற்பதைவிட, சென்னையில் உள்ள பெண்ம ணிகளுக்கு நேரடியாக சேலைகளை விற்றால் நல்ல விலை கிடைக்கும்,” என்றார் அப்பா.

They walked to the bus stop and had to wait for nearly one hour for the bus. It took them to Coimbatore and from there they left in a train tojunction, Chennai. The train journey was not very comfortable. “Don’t worry Bala. Our return will be more comfortable as we will be able to reserve tickets,” said Appa. They reached Chennai and went to Purasaiwalkam, where Appa’s friend lived.

பேருந்து நிறுத்தம் நோக்கி நடந்து சென்ற அவர்கள் ஒரு மணிநேரம் காத்திருந்து பேருந்தை பிடித்து கோயமுத்தூர் சந்திப்பை அடைந்தனர். அதன்பின், சென்னைக்கு ரெயில் மூலம் புறப்பட்டனர். பாலாவுக்கு அந்த ரெயில் பயணம் வசதியாக இல்லை . “கவலைப்படாதே பாலா, நாம் திரும்ப வரும்போது பயணச்சீட்டை ரிசர்வ் செய்யப்போவதால் பயணம் சௌகரியமாக இருக்கும்” என்றார் அவன் தந்தை. சென்னையை சென்றடைந்தஅவர்கள், பாலாவின் தந்தையின் நண்பர் வசிக்கும் புரசைவாக்கம் பகுதிக்கு சென்றனர்.

The next morning Appa was ready with places to visit to sell the sarees. Bala anooe Rala could not read the big instructions in the sign board and hence held his father tightly.

மறுநாள் காலையில், புடவை விற்பதற்காக செல்ல வேண்டிய இடங்களை அவனது தந்தையார் தயாராககுறித்துவைத்திருந்தார்.நகரில்வைக்கப்பட்டிருந்த பெரிய வழிமுறைகளை பாலாவால் படிக்க இயலாததால், அவன் தன் தந்தையின் கரங்களை அழுத்தமாக பற்றிக்கொண்டான்.

Soon, they reached a big house after what seemed like many hours. The auard at the door let them in. They sat in a big hall and unpacked the sarees. A young boy saw them and called out saying, “Mom! There’s a man with two bundles to meet you.”

வெகுநேரம் ஆனது போல் தோன்றினாலும், அவர்கள் சிறிது நேரத்தில் ஒரு பெரிய வீட்டினை அடைந்தனர். அந்த வீட்டின் காவலாளி அவர்களை உள்ளே அனுமதித்தான், அவர்கள் ஒரு பெரிய வரவேற்பறையை அடைந்து அங்கு அமர்ந்து சேலைகளைப் பிரித்தனர். ஒரு சிறுவன் அவர்களை கண்டதும் “அம்மா , ஒருவர் இரு மூட்டைத் துணிகளுடன் உன்னை சந்திக்க வந்துள்ளார்” என்றான்.

Appa was showing the saree to the aunty and tryina to sell it to her. He made each saree sound special and unique. He even draped the saree over him to show the design. Soon, the other boy asked, “Mom, can I ask the boy to come and play with me?”

அங்கு வந்த ஒரு பெண்மணியிடம் அவனது தந்தை புடவைகளைக் காட்டி, விற்க முயன்று கொண்டிருந்தார்.ஒவ்வொரு சேலையையும் அவர் தனிச் சிறப்பாக செய்திருந்தார். அந்த சேலைகளை தன்மேல்தொங்கவிட்டு, அதன் வடிவத்தைக் காண்பித்தார்.அந்த பெண்மணியின் மகன் “அம்மா, நான் இந்த பையனுடன் (பாலாவைக் காட்டி விளையாடலாமா?” என கேட்டான்.

“What is your name?” asked the boy. “Periya Negamam Balakumaran,” said Bala. “What’s yours?” “Nithin,” said the boy. Nithin’s room was full of toys. Nithin let Bala play with all the toys. Most toys had some electrical control. Since Bala’s home does not have electricity, he did not know to play with most of the toys.

“உன் பெயர் என்ன?” என்று அந்த சிறுவன் கேட்க, “பெரிய நெகமம் பாலகுமாரன்” என்றான் பாலா.பதிலுக்கு “உன் பெயர் என்ன?” என்று அவனை பாலா கேட்டான்.”நிதின்” என்று அவன் பதிலளித்தான். நிதினின் அறை முழுவதும் பொம்மைகள் இருந்தன.அவற்றை எடுத்து விளையாட பாலாவை அவன் அனுமதித்தான். அந்த பொம்மைகளில் பல மின்சாரத்தில் இயங்கக் கூடியவை. பாலாவின் வீட்டில் மின்சாரம் இல்லாததால், அவனால் பெரும்பாலான
பொம்மைகளுடன் விளையாட இயலவில்லை.

In one corner, Bala saw a spinning wheel.Now, this was a toy he knew to play with! “Do you know what to do with it? I don’t know to play with it,” said Nithin. “This is Rattai. Do you have some cotton?”, asked Bala. Nithin did not have. Bala dug Appa’s bag to get some cotton. Bala took the cotton fluff and attached it to the spinning wheel, and turned the wheel all the while.

ஒரு மூலையில் அவன் ஒரு சுழலும் சக்கரத்தைக் அவன் அறிந்திருந்தான். “இதை வைத்துக்கொண்டு என்ன செய்ய வேண்டுமென உனக்குத் தெரியுமா? எனக்கு இதனுடன் எப்படி விளையாடுவதெனத் தெரியவில்லை ” என்றான் நிதின். “இது தான் ராட்டை. உன்னிடம் சிறிது பஞ்சு உள்ளதா?” என்று பாலா கேட்டான். நிதினிடம் அது இல்லை. பாலா தன் தந்தையின் பையில் துழாவி, சிறிது பஞ்சினை எடுத்தான். அந்த பஞ்சுத் திரியை எடுத்து சுழலும் சக்கரத்தில் இணைத்து தன் விரல்களைநயமாக (லேசாக) அசைத்து சக்கரத்தை சுழலவிட்டான்.

“You can do magic!”, shouted Nithin, “Can you teach me?” “Not like that. Do it this way. Here, hold this. Spin this!”‘, said Bala. Bala had a wide smile across his face. Nithin struaaled but soon learnt to spin. Soon they stepped out. Appa had sold many sarees to the aunty. “Mom! Mom! He taught me magic,” said Nithin. Aunty laughed and said, “Well naturally, his father is a magician too. A weaving magician.” “Yes! I will tell all my friends in school that a magician from Periya Negamam taught me this magic.”

“நீ மாயாஜாலமே செய்வாய் போல் உள்ளதே?” என்று சத்தமிட்டுச் சொன்ன நிதின், “இதை நீ எனக்குகற்றுத்தருவாயா?” என பாலாவைக் கேட்டான். “இது போல் அல்ல! இது போல் செய்ய வேண்டும். இப்படி பிடித்து சுழற்று,” என நிதினுக்கு, பாலா சொல்லிக் கொடுத்தான். நிதின் திணறுவதை பார்த்து பாலா பெரியதாகபுன்னகைத்தான், ஆனாலும் நிதின் சுற்றுவதைக்கற்றுக் கொண்டுவிட்டான். அவர்கள் அதன்பின் விரைவாக வெளியே வந்தனர். இதற்குள் பாலாவின் தந்தை நிறைய சேலைகளை அந்த பெண்மணிக்கு விற்றுவிட்டார். “அம்மா! அம்மா! இவன் எனக்கு மாயாஜால வித்தையை சொல்லிக் கொடுத்துவிட்டான்” என்றான் நிதின்.”இயற்கையாகவே அவனுக்கு அந்த திறமை இருக்கும்.ஏனெனில் அவனுடைய தந்தையாரும் துணி நெய்வதில் மாயாஜாலம் செய்வார்” என்று சிரித்தபடி கூறினாள் அவன் தாயார்.”அம்மா, நான் என் பள்ளி தோழர்களிடம், பெரிய நெகமத்திலிருந்து ஒரு மாயாஜால நிபுணன் வந்து எனக்கு இதை கற்றுக் கொடுத்தான் என கூறுவேன்” என்றான் நிதின்.

Bala Spins Magic Glossary

Buzzed – to make a vibrating sound
Drape – arrange loosely
Guard – watchman
Journey – travel
Naturally – natural manner
Press – iron
Profession – career
Reserve – to set apart for a particular person
Resided – lived
Subtract – take away from another to calculate difference
Traders – buyers / seller
Unique – special
Uncomfortable – causing physical pain
Warp – twist out of shape
Weave – form by interlacing long threads

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 5th English Guide Pdf Term 3 Supplementary Chapter 3 The Case of the Missing Water Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 5th English Solutions Term 3 Supplementary Chapter 3 The Case of the Missing Water

5th English Guide The Case of the Missing Water Text Book Back Questions and Answers

A. Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
The tank in Divya’s village was almost ______.
a) full
b) dry
c) half full
Answer:
b) dry

Question 2.
Divya loved solving ______.
a) problem
b) sums
c) mysteries
Answer:
c) mysteries

Question 3.
Divya and Rani decided to draw a ______.
a) goat
b) mountain
c) map
Answer:
c) map

Question 4.
Elephants were visiting ______ field. (Not in the text)
a) paddy
b) ragi
c) sugar cane
Answer:
c) sugar cane

Question 5.
Rani thought of herself as a ______ engineer.
a) civil
b) mechanical
c) sanitary
Answer:
c) sanitary

Question 6.
Rani and divya informed the happening to the ______.
a) police
b) friends
c) elders
Answer:
c) elders

B. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Why did Manju’s parents leave the village?
Answer:
Manju’s parents left the village because there was no water in the village.

Question 2.
What kind of water did Divya use to brush her teeth?
Answer:
Divya brushed her teeth with muddy tank water.

Question 3.
What did Rani want to become?
Answer:
Rani wanted to become a sanitary engineer in the future.

Question 4.
Where did the tanker man take the water from the village?
Answer:
The tanker man took the water to the city from the village.

Question 5.
Do you think it is okay for the tanker to take water? Why?
Answer:
No. When the whole village is suffered without water, it is not fair for the tanker to take water to the city.

C. Try your own:

Answer:

D. Speak and win:

Join in any group. Support or oppose using 4 to 5 sentences to win.

I support Divya:

1. Divya had a social responsibility.
2. Divya roamed everywhere to find how the water was lost and became tired.
3. Divya fought with her friend Rani for her concern to know how the water was lost.
4. Her determination to solve a mystery is to be appreciated.

I oppose Divya:

1. Divya always pokes her nose in other matters.
2. Small girl Divya need not strain to find herself how the water was lost.
3. Divya unnecessarily had a difference of opinion with her friend.
4. Divya should not command the tanker man. She should inform the village people about him.

Let us read aloud:

A. Read the passage 3 times and colour a dustbin each time:

I am Mani. I have to take a bus to nearby city. I crossed the road to reach the bus stand. I got the bus and sat down and took out a book to read. Before I started to read, I just looked at the people around me. The two men sitting next to me were talking loudly. Some were listening to music on their phone. I was unable to focus on reading. The men were talking about cleaning the city. As they were talking, they opened a pack of biscuits to eat. After some time I dozed off. When I opened my eyes, the bus had reached the city. The two men were not there but pieces of the biscuits and wrappers were there. I cleaned the wrappers and put them in the dustbin.

Question 1.
What did Mani take out?
Answer:
Mani took out a book to read.

Question 2.
What did Mani find on the seat when he woke up?
Answer:
When Mani woke up, he found pieces of the biscuits and wrappers on the seat.

Question 3.
If you were Mani, what would you do?
Answer:
If I were Mani, I would have asked my fellow passengers to talk softly in public and to keep clean the surroundings.

Let us write:
Creative writing with suspense:

In the dark cold winter night in 1950, Rani and his brother Raj were waiting at the old open railway station showering in fear and in cold. They wanted to go to the next station for half an hour distance but the train was one hour late. They kept their eyes and early open to hear the engine sound. But nothing came. Suddenly Raj saw the smoke coming from far and a streak of fire too.

Still, the train did not come. They started walking toward the direction of the ‘train’ seeing the smoke. Oh! what a surprise. The ‘train’ was actually a tribal man smoking cigar covering himself with a black blanket. Rani seamed with fear. The friendly tribal man understood their need and took them to the next station in his bullock cart. Rani and Raj understood brotherly have from an uncultured tribal man that day.

Writing a Story with suspense:

Words that help you create suspense:
suddenly, just then, at that moment, all of a sudden, silently, in alarm, scared, from the shadows, dark, unexpectedly, etc.

Let us use these words to write a paragraph on “A day in the forest”:

A day in the forest

Suddenly in a distance, I noticed some paws on the mud. My head turned red with fear and I silently stepped back. Just then, I saw a big brown furry animal with green eyes coming out of the shadows. In that moment, I didn’t know what I had to do. I screamed and ran. All of a sudden, I heard a howl. behind me. I turned to see two wolves chasing me.

Write a story with suspense:

That Night In Beach It was on December 26th. Sinha and Tiwari came from Barauni to Chennai to attend an important office duty. Their work was completed in the evening. They planned to leave Chennai the next day evening. So, that day night they went to the beach at around 9.00 pm. It was a no moon day and there was complete darkness. They walked along the beach and sat near a boat.

Nobody was there in that place. Suddenly, the boat started moving towards the Bay of Bengal. They looked inside the boat, but there was nobody. Both of them frightened. They started to run but they could not move their legs. They screamed in fear. All of a sudden, a voice instructed them to move towards the water and drown into the sea. Then their legs started to go to the sea.

By the time, a man was running towards them at a distance. He shouted at them not to go to the sea. He called the police over the phone. Police came. At that time, Sinha and Tiwari were walking in knee-deep water. Police rescued them. The man told that some years back, hundreds of people lost their lives in that place. Some ghosts are still wandering there during that particular day. Sinha and Tiwari could not recollect what had happened to them. They thanked the police and the man who helped them.

I can do:

A. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Name of the object
Answer:
Tanker

Question 2.
In your mother tongue
Answer:
தண்ணீர் வாகனம்

Question 3.
Use in a sentence
Answer:
My uncle is a tanker driver

B. Write the animals and their young ones:

Question 1.

Answer:
calf

Question 2.

Answer:
cub

Question 3.

Answer:
chick

C. Match the rhyming word:

Answer:

D. Recite the poem with correct intonation:
This activity to be done by students.

E. Choose the correct one show past perfect tense:

Question 1.
we ______ (see) the movie last week.
a) have seen
b) saw
c) had seen
Answer:
(c) had seen

Question 2.
I ______ (meet) him before.
a) had met
b) meet
c) have met
Answer:
(a) had met

F. Choose the correct one to show future perfect tense:

Question 1.
I ______ (finish) this book.
(a) had finished
(b) have finished
(c) will have finished
Answer:
(c) will have finished

Question 2.
By this time tomorrow, we ______ (arrive) in Chennai.
(a) will have arrived
(b) have arrived
(c) would have arrived
Answer:
(a) will have arrived

Grammar – Textual Exercise:

A. I am a 5th student and I know all these.

I know where to use these prepositions:

B. I know three tenses and I can write all tenses.

5th English Guide The Case of the Missing Water Additional Questions and Answers

I. Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
Divya followed her parents to the stream.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
Divya collapsed into the boat with Rani.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
Divya had an idea. She hugged the pump.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
Rani may be we shouldn’t have missed the village.
Answer:
False

II. Identify the character/speaker :

Question 1.
“We just need enough until the rains arrive”.
Answer:
Appa

Question 2.
“Further up, then?”
Answer:
goatherd

Question 3.
“Manju’s parents left the village”.
Answer:
Divya

Question 4.
“You can’t change anything”.
Answer:
Tanker man

Question 5.
“Like real Sanitary Engineers”.
Answer:
Rani

III. Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
What did Divya’s Ammachi, Amma, and Appa do when the village tank was almost dry?
Answer:
When the village tank was almost dry, Divya’s Ammachi prayed for rain. Her Amma collected water in all the buckets, pots, and vessels in the home. Appa took his tools to dig a little deeper.

Question 2.
What mystery did Divya solve at home?
Answer:
At home when Ammachi couldn’t find her reading glasses, Divya would help her find them from the book she was reading.

Question 3.
Who were the three people Divya asked ‘where the water had gone?
Answer:
Divya asked the fisherman, goatherd, and Rani about where the water had gone.

Question 4.
Where all did Divya go to find where the water had gone?
Answer:
First Divya went to the tank and then to the other side of the tank, she followed the dry stream bed down the hill and came to the bottom tank.

Question 5.
Why was the glass half empty?
Answer:
The class was half empty because the children had left the areas with their families as there was no water.

Question 6.
What do sanitary engineers do?
Answer:
Sanitary engineers build pipes, tanks, and drains.

Question 7.
What did Divya and Rani draw? Why?
Answer:
Divya and Rani drew the map of their village showing all its tanks and streams.

Question 8.
Where did the water go?
Answer:
The water was pumped and taken to the tanker below the bund to be carried to the city.

Question 9.
How did Divya and Rani stop the tanker man to take the water in the village?
Answer:
Divya and Rani tried to stop the tanker man from taking the water to the city by hugging the pump.

Question 10.
What happened when the monsoon came?
Answer:
When the monsoon came, it rained heavily, the bund overflowed and the stream rushed down the hill.

The Case of The Missing water Summary in English and Tamil

The tank in Divya’s village was almost dry. Ammachi began to pray for rain. Amma collected all the buckets and pots and vessels in the house and filled them up.. “We need to store as much water as we can,” she said. Appa collected tools to dig a little deeper. “We just need enough until the rains arrive,” he said.

திவ்யாவின் கிராமத்திலிருந்த குளம் பெரும்பாலும் வறண்டு விட்டது. அம்மாச்சி மமை வரவேண்டுமென பிரார்க்கனை செய்தார். வீட்டிலிருந்த வாளிகள், பானைகள், பாத்திரங்கள் எல்லாவற்றையும் எடுத்து, அவற்றில் நீரை நிரப்பி
வைத்தாள் அம்மா. “நம்மால் முடிந்த அளவுக்கு தண்ணீரை சேமிக்க வேண்டிய தேவை ஏற்பட்டுவிட்டது”, என்றாள் அம்மா. கொஞ்சம் ஆழமாகத் தோண்டு வதற்கான கருவிகளை அப்பா சேகரித்தார். “மழை வரும் வரையில் நமக்கு இது தேவை”, என்றார் அவர்.

Divya got out her notebook and pencil. She put on her thinking cap and followed her parents to the tank. She examined the tank bed closely. It was cracked and dusty.

திவ்யா ‘ தனது நோட்டு புத்தகத்தையும் பென்சிலையும் எடுத்துக் கொண்டாள். தனது பெற்றோரை பின்தொடர்ந்தபடி குளத்திற்குச் சென்றாள். வெகு அருகிலிருந்தபடி குளத்தை அவள் ஆய்வு செய்தாள். நிலத்தில் பிளவு ஏற்பட்டு, தூசி படிந்திருந்தது.

Divya wondered, “Where did the water in the tank go? Did it run away? Was it stolen? This is a mystery!” Divya loved solving mysteries: Like the time Ammachi couldn’t find her reading glasses. Divya had found them in her book, marking the page she was reading. “I’ll find that water,” Divya muttered to herself.

திவ்யா ஆச்சர்யப்பட்டாள். “குளத்திலிருந்த தண்ணீர் எங்கே போனது? அது ஓடிவிட்டதா? திருடப்பட்டுவிட்டதா? இது ஒரு மர்மம்”, என்றாள். மர்மங்களுக்கு தீர்வு காண்பதை திவ்யா விரும்பினாள். படிப்பதற்கான கண் கண்ணாடியை அம்மாச்சி கண்டுபிடிக்க முடியாமல் போன சமயத்தில் நடந்ததைப் போல.

அவருடைய புத்தகத்தில், படித்த பக்கத்தை குறிப்பிட வேண்டி, அது வைக்கப்பட்டிருந்ததை திவ்யா கண்டுபிடித்துக் கொடுத்தாள். “அந்த தண்ணீரையும் நான் கண்டுபிடிப்பேன்,” என திவ்யா தனக்குள் முணுமுணுத்துக் கொண்டாள்.

Divya walked to the other side of the tank, past dead fish and dried reeds. “Do you know where the water could have gone?” Divya asked a fisherman. “Downstream?” the fisherman suggested. Divya followed the dry stream bed down the hill. At the bottom was another tank. It had lots of goats, but no water.

திவ்யா குளத்தின் மறுகரைக்கு நடந்தாள். இறந்து போன மீன்களையும், காய்ந்து போன நாணல்களையும் கடந்தாள். “தண்ணீ ர் எங்கே போயிருக்க முடியுமென உங்களுக்கு தெரியுமா?” என ஒரு மீனவரைதிவ்யா கேட்டாள்.

“கீழ்மட்டத்திற்கு போயிருக்கலாம்,” என்றார் மீனவர். குன்றின் அடியிலிருந்த, வறண்டு போன நீரோடையில் திவ்யா நடந்தாள். கீழே இன்னொரு குளம் இருந்தது. அங்கு பல ஆடுகள் மேய்ந்த படி இருந்தன, ஆனால் நீர் இல்லை.

Divya asked the goatherd, “Do you know where the water might be?” “Upstream,” the goatherd suggested. I “That’s where I came from,” Divya said. “No water there.” “Further up, then?” the goatherd said. “That’s where your water comes from.”

திவ்யா ஆடு மேய்ப்பவரிடம், “தண்ணீ ர் எங்கே போயிற்று என உங்களுக்குத் தெரியுமா?” என கேட்டாள். ஆடுமேய்ப்பவர், “மேல் மட்டத்திற்கு போயிருக்கலாம்” என்றார். “அங்கிருந்து தான் நான் வருகிறேன், அங்கு தண்ணீர் இல்லை” என்றாள் திவ்யா. “அதற்கும் மேலே. அங்கிருந்துதான் தண்ணீர் வருகிறது”, என்றார் ஆடு மேய்ப்ப வர்.

Divya climbed up to the tank. Then she climbed up some more to a tank further up the hill. There was no water, no birds. There was only one person there. “Rani, I can’t find any water. Any idea where it’s gone?” Divya called to her. She knew Rani from school.

“Downstream,” Rani called back. Divya was suddenly angry. She stomped her foot. “No!” she shouted. “It’s not. I
have searched and searched. It’s not upstream or downstream. Got it?”.

திவ்யா குளத்தை நோக்கி குன்றின் மேலே ஏறினாள். அங்கு இருந்த ஒரு குளத்தில் தண்ணீ ரும் இல்லை, பறவைகளும் இல்லை. ஒரே ஒரு பெண் மட்டும் இருந்தாள். “ராணி, தண்ணீரையே பார்க்க முடியவில்லை. அது எங்கே போயிற்று என்று ஏதாவது ஐடியா இருக்கிறதா?”

என திவ்யா அவளைக் கேட்டாள். பள்ளியிலிருந்தே ராணியை அவளுக்குத் தெரியும். “கீழ் மட்டத்தில்”, என்றாள் ராணி. திவ்யா திடீரென கோபப்பட்டாள். தரையை காலால் தட்டினாள்.

“இல்லை” என கூச்சலிட்டாள். “அங்கே இல்லை. நானும் தான் தேடினேன்-தேடினேன். அது மேல்மட்டத்திலும் இல்லை, கீழ்மட்டத்திலும் இல்லை. புரிந்ததா?”

“How about up there?” Rani suggested. Divya and Rani looked up at the sky.” The sun glared back at them. Everything was white-hot and dusty. “No,” they agreed together. “No water there. Divya collapsed into the boat with Rani and gnawed on a lotus stem. She was hot and tired.

அது இன்னும் உயரே சென்றிருக்கலாம்,” என்றாள் ராணி. திவ்யாவும், ராணியும் வானத்தைப் பார்த்தனர். சூரியன் அவர்களின் மீது ஒளியை பாய்ச்சியது. எல்லாமே வெள்ளையாக-வெப்பமாகவும், தூசியுடனும் இருந்தன. “இல்லை, அங்கே தண்ணீர் இல்லை”, அவர்கள் இருவருமே ஒரு சேர ஒப்புக் கொண்டனர். திவ்யா, ராணியுடன் படகில் சாய்ந்தபடி, ஒரு தாமரைத் தண்டை கடித்தாள். அவள் உடம்பு வெப்பத்தால் தகித்தது. அவள் களைப்படைந்தாள்.

“Manju’s parents left the village, “Divya said. “They went to the city” where they have water. Maybe we should all go.” “You go,” Rani snapped. “No one asked you to be here.” “Fine,” Divya said. And she stomped back home. But it wasn’t fine! There was still no water, still no rain.

மஞ்சுவின் பெற்றோர் இந்த கிராமத்தை விட்டுச் சென்று விட்டனர். நகரத்துக்குப் போய் விட்டனர். அங்கு அவர்களுக்கு தண்ணீ ர் கிடைக்கும். நாம் எல்லோரும் போக வேண்டி வரலாம்”, என்றாள் திவ்யா. “நீபோ, இங்கேயே இருக்கவேண்டுமென உன்னை
யாரும் கேட்டுக் கொள்ளப் போவதில்லை”, என்றாள் ராணி. “நல்லது” என்றாள் திவ்யா. அவள் வீட்டுக்குத் திரும்பினாள் ஆனால் அங்கு சூழ்நிலை சரியில்லை. இன்னும் அங்கு தண்ணீர் இல்லை, மழையும் இல்லை.

The next day, Divya brushed her teeth with muddy tank water in a tiny glass. “Thooo!” she spat. In school, the class was half-empty. More families had left the area. She missed all her friends! In the middle of Environmental Studies class, she turned and ran out of school. She ran and ran until she was panting. She finally sat at the side of the road.

அடுத்த நாள். சேறுகலந்த குளத்து நீரை ஒரு சிறிய கிளாஸில் வைத்துக் கொண்டு, திவ்யா பல் துலக்கினாள். “த்தூ!” என அவள் துப்பினாள். பள்ளியில் பாதி வகுப்பு காலியாக இருந்தது. அந்தப் பகுதியிலிருந்து மேலும் பல குடும்பங்கள் சென்று விட்டிருந்தனர்.

அவள் தன் எல்லா நண்பர்களையும் இழந்தாள். வகுப்பில், சுற்றுச்சூழல் பாடத்தின் நடுவே, அவள் எழுந்து, பள்ளியை விட்டு ஓடினாள். மூச்சிறைக்கும் வரை அவள் ஓடினாள். இறுதியில், சாலையின் ஒரு புறத்தில் அவள் அமர்ந்தாள்.

“I have to find the water!” she huffed. “Can I help?” said a voice. It was Rani who had seen Divya running away” from school. Divya beamed. “Yes!” “We have to do this properly,” Rani said. “Like real Sanitary Engineers.” “Like who…?” Divya asked. “Sanitary Engineers build pipes and tanks and drains. I am going to be one when I grow up,” Rani said. Divya and Rani decided to draw a map of their village and all its tanks and streams, showing all the places where the water might have flowed.

தண்ணீர் எங்கே போனது என நான் கண்டுபிடிக்க வேண்டும்”, என்று ஒரு வித கோபத்துடன் “உனக்கு உதவட்டுமா”, என்றது ஒரு குரல், அது ராணி தான். பள்ளியிலிருந்து திவ்யா ஓடிவந்ததை அவள் பார்த்தாள். “சரி”, என்றாள் திவ்யா.”சுகாதாரப் பொறியாளர்களைப் போல, நாம் இதை சரியாகச் செய்ய வேண்டும்”, என்றாள் ராணி. “யார் அவர்கள்?”, என்று திவ்யா கேட்டாள்.

“குழாய்கள், தொட்டிகள், வடிகால் வாய்க்கால்களை கட்டுகிறார்களே அவர்கள் தான். நான்பெரியவளாக வளர்ந்த பிறகு சுகாதாரப் பொறியாளராவேன்,” என்றாள் ராணி. அவர்களின் கிராமத்தின் வரைபடத்தை அவர்கள் இருவரும் வரைய தீர்மானித்தனர். மேலும் தண்ணீர் செல்லக்கூடிய வழித்தடங்கள், குளங்கள், ஓடைகள் எல்லாவற்றையும் வரைபடத்தில் குறிக்கவும் முடிவு செய்தனர்.

Where could the water possibly have gone? Finally, they sat back and pored over the map. “We haven’t seen that tank yet,” Divya pointed to one of the tanks they had drawn. “Let’s go,” Rani agreed. Divya and Rani began climbing up the hill. The stream here was dry as well.

தண்ணீ ர் எங்கே போயிருக்க கூடும்? இறுதியாக, அவர்கள் தரையில் அமர்ந்து, வரைபடத்தை கூர்ந்து ஆராயத்தொடங்கினர். “அந்தக் குளத்தை இதுவரை நாம் பார்க்கவில்லை, அவர்கள் வரைந்த குளங்களில் ஒன்றை சுட்டிக்காட்டியபடி, திவ்யா இவ்வாறு கூறினாள். “நாம் போகலாம்”, ராணி சம்மதித்தாள். ஏறத் தொடங்கினர். அந்த ஓடையும் வறண்டு திவ்யாவும், ராணியும் அந்தக் குன்றின் மீது போயிருந்தது.

“Maybe we shouldn’t have missed school. This tank is probably dry as well,” Rani said sadly. When they reached the tank, Divya” and Rani realised they were wrong. This tank was full! Rani pointed at a small pump at the end of the lake. There was a tanker just below the bund, collecting water as it flowed. A man stood by, guiding the tanker. “Mystery solved,” said Divya angrily.

நாம் பள்ளிக்குச் செல்வதை தவற விட்டிருக்கக் கூடாது. இந்தக் குளமும் வறண்டிருக்கிறது”, என்றாள் ராணி வருத்தமாக. குளத்தை அவர்கள் அடைந்தபோது, திவ்யா, ராணி இருவருமே தங்களது யூகம் தவறு என உணர்ந்த னர். அந்தக் குளத்தில் தண்ணீ ர் நிரம்பியிருந்தது.

அங்கு ஏரியின் முடிவில் ஒரு சிறு பம்ப் இருந்ததை ராணி சுட்டிக்காட்டினாள். கரைக்குக் கீழே ஒரு டேங்கர் (நீர் ஏற்றிச் செல்லும் வாகனம்) இருந்தது. அதில் தண்ணீர் நிரப்பப்பட்டுக் கொண்டிருந்தது. அதனருகில் ஒரு மனிதன் நின்றிருந்தான். “மர்மம் தீர்க்கப்பட்டது”, என்றாள் திவ்யா கோபத்துடன்.

“Where are you taking our water?” Divya wanted to know. “The city,” the man said. “I need to supply nine-thousand litres today!” “That’s not fair!” Rani said. The man shrugged, “That’s how it is.” “My friend is a Sanitary Engineer, Divya yelled. “She knows what’s fair.” The man laughed.” Sanitary Engineer it seems! You’re just children!” Rani said quietly, “Yes, but I know you can’t just take our water away.”

“எங்கள் தண்ணீ ரை எங்கே எடுத்துப் போகிறீர்?” என்று திவ்யா கேட்டாள். “நகரத்திற்கு, இன்றைக்கு நான் 9,000 லிட்டர் தண்ணீ ரை சப்ளை செய்தாக வேண்டுமே”, என்றான் அந்த மனிதன். “அது நியாயமல்ல”, என்றாள் ராணி.” “அது அப்படித்தான்,” என்றான் அவன் தன் தோள்பட்டையை உயர்த்தியபடி, “என் நண்பர் ஒரு சுகாதாரப் பொறியாளர்.

அவருக்கு எது நியாயமெனத் தெரியும்,” என்று திவ்யா சத்தமிட்டாள். அந்த மனிதன் சிரித்தான். “துப்புரவாளர் என்று தோன்றுகிறது. நீங்கள் எல்லாம் குழந்தைகள்தான்,” என்றான் அவன். “ஆம். ஆனால், நீங்கள் எங்கள் தண்ணீ ரை எடுத்துச் செல்ல முடியாது,” என்று ராணி அமைதியாகச் சொன்னாள்.

“Go home,” the man said. “You can’t change anything!” Divya had an idea. She hugged the pump. “You can’t turn it on now!” Rani ran up to hug the pump too. “Hey!” said the man. Now he was really angry. “Just go home,” he said.

“வீட்டுக்குப் போங்கள், உங்கள் இருவரால் எதையும் மாற்றிடவிட முடியாது”, என்றான் அவன். திவ்யாவுக்கு ஒரு யோசனை தோன்றியது. அவள் அந்த “பம்ப்”-ஐ கட்டி அணைத்துக் கொண்டாள். “இப்போது உங்களால் இந்த பம்ப்-ஐ திருப்ப முடியாது.” ராணியும் ஓடிச்சென்று’ பம்ப்-ஐ அணைத்துக் கொண்டாள். இப்போது அந்த மனிதன் உண்மையிலேயே கோபப்பட்டான். “வீட்டிற்குப் போய் விடுங்கள்”, என்றான்.

That was when the clouds broke, and rain poured. “The ‘monsoon is here!” Divya shouted. “I’m going home, even if you aren’t, the tanker man said. It rained and rained. WOOSH, the bund overflowed, and the stream rushed down, splashing them.

அப்போது மேகங்கள் உடைந்து, மழை பெய்தது. “பருவமழை இங்கே ஆரம்பம்”, திவ்யா சத்தமிட்டாள். “நீங்கள் போகாவிட்டாலும், நான் வீட்டிற்குப் போகிறேன்”, என்று அந்த டேங்கர் மனிதன் கூறினான். மழை தொடர்ந்து பெய்தது. ஊஷ், குளம் நிரம்பி வழிந்தது. நீரோடையில் தண்ணீர் பாய்ந்து அவர்கள் மீது, தெறித்தபடி, கீழ்நோக்கி ஓடியது.

“The water has been found! Mystery solved!” Divya said. “WOOOOOO!” They yowled with joy.

“தண்ணீர் கண்டுபிடிக்கப்பட்டுள்ளது! மர்மம் தீர்ந்தது”, என்றாள் திவ்யா. “ஊ…” அவர்கள் மகிழ்ச்சியுடன் குரல் எழுப்பினர்.