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Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 5th English Guide Pdf Term 3 Supplementary Chapter 2 The New Start Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 5th English Solutions Term 3 Supplementary Chapter 2 The New Start

5th English Guide The New Start Text Book Back Questions and Answers

In-Text Question:

Question 1.
Which quality makes ‘world is one and human is one’?
Answer:
We have to realize that we are all one. This quality makes ‘world is one and human is one’.

A. Fill in the blanks:

Question 1.
Tenzin is from ______.
Answer:
Tibet

Question 2.
Tenzin’s family first lived in ______.
Answer:
Himachal Pradesh

Question 3.
If we didn’t have boundaries, we don’t need ______.
Answer:
weapons

Question 4.
______ fights with everyone in school.
Answer:
Nimmi

Question 5.
Miss Malliga teaches ______.
Answer:
computer

B. Answer the following questions:

Question 1.
Who helped Tenzin in learning English words?
Answer:
Julie, the art and craft teacher, helped Tenzin in learning English words.

Question 2.
Name the places that Tenzin’s family lived in.
Answer:
Tenzin’s family lived in Tibet, McLeod Ganj in Himachal Pradesh, Mysore, Gurupura, Kollegal in Karnataka.

Question 3.
What are the difficulties they faced in India?
Answer:
They didn’t know how to get a house. They didn’t know the names of the food items they wanted to buy. Shopping was the most difficult job for them.

Question 4.
Why did Tenzin cried every day?
Answer:
Tenzin cried every day as he badly missed his friends and his country – Tibet.

Question 5.
Why it is important for people to live without boundaries?
Answer:
We all are humans, and we live together on Earth. We need to share and grow with each other. So, it is important to live without boundaries.

C. Try your own:

Answer:

D. Speak and win:

Pick and support or oppose any one of the characters:

I support:

1. Nimmie defended everyone who teased Tenzin.
2. Binsa was a friend of Tenzin she was a Nepali. She practiced learning English.

I oppose:

1. Nimmie fights with everyone.
2. She was not an Indian.
3. She did not know English. She did not have friends.

Let us read aloud:

A. Read the passage 3 times and colour the dove for each time:

A leader and his followers went to Ooty. They shared stories to forget thigh pain from their tired legs. They decided to take some rest. When they were crossing a river, the leader saw a poisonous scorpion floating in the river. It was going to die in the water. The leader wanted to save it but it bit him. Seeing this, the followers asked him the reason why he tried helping it even if it bites him. The leader said that helping others is the nature of human and biting is the nature of the insect.

Question 1.
Where were they going?
Answer:
They were going to Ooty.

Question 2.
What did the leader see on the river?
Answer:
The leader saw a poisonous scorpion floating in the river.

Question 3.
What is the main idea of the text?
Answer:
The main idea of the text is to insist that helping others is human nature.

Let us write:

Question 1.
How to write a paragraph? We already know to write a paragraph, what are the parts of a paragraph?
Answer:
Topic sentence, Support sentence-1, Support sentence-2, and Conclusion.

Write a paragraph on the topic ‘Park’:

1. Park is an area where we find trees, plants, flowers, play equipments, and keep fit equipment.
2. People go to the park not only to relax but also to play, go for a walk, use keep fit equipments, and chat with friends.
3. In city, we see parks maintained by the Metropolitan Corporation. Parks are found in all areas in the neighborhood.
4. We should keep our parks clean. We must throw the waste in the bin. We must be aware of thefts and pick-pockets and be careful in the park.
5. Apart from the regular parks, we also have special parks like – Zoological park, Amusement park, Birds’ park, etc.

I can do:

A. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Name of the object
Answer:
Refrigerator

Question 2.
In your mother tongue
Answer:
குளிர்பதனப்பெட்டி

Question 3.
Use in a sentence
Answer:
Last month my father bought a refrigerator.

B. Match the clipped words:

Answer:

C. Fill in the blank with the clipped word:

Question 1.
We bought a new ______.(refrigerator)
Answer:
fridge

Question 2.
He broke his ______. (spectacles)
Answer:
specs

Question 3.
We visited the ______. (zoological park)
Answer:
zoo

D. Circle the pronouns:

Question 1.
An old man lived in the village. He was one of the most unfortunate people in the world. The whole village was tired of him; he was always gloomy, he constantly complained, and was always in a bad mood.

Answer:
An old man lived in the village. He was one of the most unfortunate people in the world. The whole village was tired of him; he was always gloomy, he constantly complained, and was always in a bad mood.

E. Fill in the bļanks with a pronoun:

Question 1.
Every morning, I brush my teeth and stare at ______ in the mirror.
(a) himself
(b) herself
(c) myself
(d) itself
Answer:
(c) myself

Question 2.
The children made holiday decorations by ______.
(a) itself
(b) themselves
(c) theirselves
(d) ourselves
Answer:
(b) themselves

5th English Guide The New Start Additional Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
From Tibet, Tenzin first migrated to ______ in India.
(a) Arunachal Pradesh
(b) Himachal Pradesh
(c) Andhra Pradesh
Answer:
(b) Himachal Pradesh

Question 2.
We can fight the real evil of ______ and injustice in the world.
(a) hatred
(b) poverty
(c) greed
Answer:
(c) greed

Question 3.
Every ______ Tenzin went to the Government office to get his book signed.
(a) week
(b) month
(c) year
Answer:
(c) year

Question 4.
We all are ______ and we live together on Earth.
(a) aliens
(b) humans
(c) archaic
Answer:
(b) humans

II. Match the following :

a.

Answer:

b.

Answer:

III. Write True or False:

Question 1.
Beginning a new life in a new place is easy.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
Charles taught Tenzin to play baseball.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
We need to share and grow with each other.
Answer:
True

Question 4.
My mother says we cannot be happy anywhere.
Answer:
False

Question 5.
Often Tenzin thought of his friends in Tibet and cried.
Answer:
True

IV. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Where did Tenzin family live in Himachal Pradesh?
Answer:
Tenzin’s family lived in a refugee camp.

Question 2.
How did the Refugee Relief Group help Tenzin?
Answer:
The Refugee Relief Group (RGB) arranged a house for Tenzin and showed him where to buy what he needed. The RRG also helped him to get admission to a school close to his house.

Question 3.
Write the names of two teachers of Tenzin.
Answer:
Ms. Julie, the art and craft teacher, and Ms. Malliga, the computer teacher.

Question 4.
List three friends of Tenzin.
Answer:
Binsa, Charles, and Nimmi.

Question 5.
Why was Tenzin displeased?
Answer:
Tenzin was displeased because he missed his home in Tibet. Many people still looked at him as an alien in India.

Question 6.
What is the difference between the eagles and people according to Tenzin?
Answer:
An eagle never needs to be saved from another eagle. But people have to be saved from other people.

Question 7.
What are the real evils in the world?
Answer:
Greed and hunger.

Question 8.
What does Tenzin want to do to the people?
Answer:
Tenzin wants to help all people realize that we are all one.

Question 9.
What should Tenzin family do every year?
Answer:
Tenzin’s family had to go to the government office every year to get their book signed for staying in India.

The New Start Summary in English and Tamil

Tenzin, a boy from Tibet was forced out of his country. He writes about his experience in his journal. Let us read about his experience.

திபெத்தைச் சேர்ந்த டென்ஜின் என்ற சிறுவன் தனது நாட்டை விட்டு வெளியேற வேண்டிய கட்டாயம் ஏற்பட்டது. அவனது அனுபவம் பற்றி அவன் ஒரு பத்திரிகையில் எழுதுகிறான். அவனது அனுபவத்தைப் பற்றி நாம் படிக்கலாம்.

My name is Tenzin. I am from Tibet. From Tibet, we first migrated to Himachal Pradesh in India. While we lived in a refugee camp in India, I learnt a few words of English. From Himachal Pradesh, we moved to Karnataka.

என் பெயர் டென்ஜின். நான் திபெத்தைச் சேர்ந்தவன். நாங்கள் திபெத்திலிருந்து முதலில் இந்தியாவில் உள்ள ஹிமாச்சல பிரதேசத்துக்கு குடி போனோம். நாங்கள் இந்தியாவில் ஓர் அகதிகள் முகாமில் வாழ்ந்தபோது, நான் சில ஆங்கில வார்த்தைகளைக் கற்றுக் கொண்டேன். ஹிமாச்சல பிரதேசத்திலிருந்து நாங்கள் கர்நாடகாவிற்கு வந்தோம்.

My family had a hard time adjusting to this new country. We moved many times. We first lived in McLeod Gani, and then we moved to Mysore. And from Mysore, we went to Gurupura and then to Kollegal. I was tired and homesick. Finally, we decided to come back and settle in Gurupura.

எங்கள் குடும்பத்தாருக்கு இந்த புதிய நாட்டில் அனுசரித்து வாழ்வது மிகவும் கடினமாக இருந்தது. நாங்கள் பலமுறை இடம் மாறினோம். நாங்கள் முதலில் மக்லியோட் கஞ்ச்சில் வாழ்ந்தோம், பின்னர் மைசூருக்குப் போனோம். மைசூரில் இருந்து குருபுராவிற்கும் பின்னர் கொல்லேகாள் என்ற ஊருக்கும் போனோம். நான் மிகவும் களைத்துப் போனேன். சொந்த நாட்டைப் பற்றிய நினைவு அடிக்கடி வந்தது. இறுதியில் குருபுராவிற்கே திரும்பவும் வந்து குடியேற முடிவு செய்தோம்.

Beginning a new life in a new place was not easy. We didn’t understand the system in India. We didn’t know how to get a house. Shopping for food was the most difficult job. We didn’t know the names of the items we wanted to buy.

புதிய இடத்தில் புது வாழ்க்கையை துவங்குவது என்பது எளிதானதாக இல்லை. இந்தியாவின் வாழ்க்கை முறைகள் பற்றி எங்களுக்குப் புரியவில்லை. தங்குவதற்கு ஒரு வீட்டை எப்படி பெறுவது என்று கூட எங்களுக்குத் தெரியவில்லை. கடைக்குச் சென்று உணவை வாங்குவது தான் மிகவும் கடினமான வேலை. நாங்கள் வாங்க வேண்டிய பொருட்களின் பெயர்கள் (இந்நாட்டு மொழியில் என்னவென்று எங்களுக்கு தெரியாது.

we asked the Refugee Relief Group to help us. They arranged a house for us and showed us where to buy what we needed. They even helped us get admission to the school close to our house. I started going to school. In the beginning, I didn’t understand anything. I often thought of my friends in Tibet. I would cry every day after I returned from school. I wanted to go back to my school and my friends.

அகதிகள் நிவாரணக் குழுவை எங்களுக்கு உதவுமாறு நாங்கள் கேட்டோம். அவர்கள் நாங்கள் தங்க ஒரு வீட்டை ஏற்பாடு செய்தனர். எங்களுக்குத் தேவையானதை எங்கே வாங்க வேண்டும் என்றும் காண்பித்தார்கள். எங்கள் வீட்டுக்கு பக்கத்தில் இருந்த பள்ளியில் சேரவும் எங்களுக்கு உதவி செய்தார்கள்.

நான் பள்ளிக்குச் செல்ல ஆரம்பித்தேன். ஆரம்பத்தில் எனக்கு எதுவுமே புரியவில்லை .அப்பொழுது நான் அடிக்கடி என் திபெத் நாட்டு நண்பர்களை நினைப்பேன். பள்ளியில் இருந்து திரும்பியவுடன் தினமும் நான் அழுவேன். நான் என் திபெத் பள்ளிக்கும், திபெத் நண்பர்களிடமும் திரும்பிப் போக விரும்பினேன்.

Every year we need to go to the government office and get our book signed. Mother says that, if we miss getting it sianed then we will have to leave India too.

நாங்கள் ஒவ்வொரு ஆண்டும் அரசாங்க அலுவலகத்திற்குச் சென்று, எங்கள் புத்தகங்களில் கையெழுத்து வாங்க வேண்டும். நாங்கள் கையெழுத்து வாங்கத் தவறினால், இந்தியாவை விட்டு வெளியேற வேண்டும் என்று அம்மா சொன்னார்.

Now, I have made friends here. There is Julie, my art and craft teacher. She is a very nice person. She helps me learn English words. Miss Malliga is also a wonderful teacher. She teaches me computers. I have a friend whose name is Binsa. She is from Nepal. She didn’t know English either when she came here. Now we learn and practice English together. There is Nimmi who fights with everyone who teases us. And I must not forget to mention Charles, who taught me how to play baseball.

இப்பொழுது எனக்கு இங்கு நண்பர்கள் இருக்கிறார்கள். என்னுடைய ஓவிய கலை ஆசிரியை ஜூலி மிகவும் நல்லவர். நான் ஆங்கில வார்த்தைகளைக் கற்றுக் கொள்ள உதவுகிறார். செல்வி மல்லிகாவும் ஓர் அற்புதமான ஆசிரியை. அவர் எனக்கு கணினி கற்றுக் கொடுப்பார். எனக்கு பின்சா என்ற ஒரு சிநேகிதி உண்டு.

அவள் நேபாள் நாட்டைச் சேர்ந்தவள். அவளுக்கும் இங்கு வந்த புதிதில் ஆங்கிலம் தெரியாது. இப்பொழுது நாங்கள் ஒன்றாக ஆங்கிலம் படித்து பயிற்சி செய்கிறோம். எங்களைக் கிண்டல் செய்யும் எல்லாரிடமும் சண்டை போட நிம்மி இருக்கின்றாள். நான் சார்லஸ் பற்றி சொல்ல மறக்கக் கூடாது. அவன்தான் எனக்கு பேஸ் பால் விளையாடக் கற்றுக் கொடுத்தான்.

I often wonder, how would it be if I had lived in the same place all my life? I miss my home in Tibet. But that does not mean that I am not grateful to India, its people, and the government. While many people are my friends, there are still many who look at us as though we were aliens. Sometimes, I want to tell them that we are humans too. We live on Earth too, just a different part of Earth.

என் வாழ்க்கை முழுவதையும் இந்த ஒரே இடத்தில் நான் வாழ்ந்திருந்தால் எப்படி இருந்திருக்கும் என நான் நினைத்து வியந்ததுண்டு . நான் என் திபெத் வீட்டை இழந்து தவிக்கிறேன். அதற்காக நான் இந்திய மக்கள் மீதும், அரசாங்கத்திடமும் நன்றி இல்லாதவனாக இல்லை.

இங்கு பல மனிதர்கள் எனக்கு நண்பர்களாக இருந்தாலும், பலர் இன்னும் எங்களை அந்நியர்களாகவே பார்க்கிறார்கள். சில சமயம் நான் அப்படிப்பட்டவர்களிடம் “நாங்களும் மனிதர்கள் தான்” என்று சொல்ல நினைப்பேன். நாங்களும் இந்த பூமியில் தான் வாழ்கின்றோம், என்ன, பூமியின் வேறு ஒரு பகுதியில் வாழ்கிறோம்.

Our history teacher tells us that is people who made the boundaries of the countries. We drew the lines before, we draw the lines now, and we will continue to draw new lines. I think we would not stop braving likes unless we realize that we are all one! We all are humans, and we live together on Earth. We need to share and grow with each other.

நாடுகளின் எல்லைகளை உருவாக்கியவர்கள் மனிதர்கள் தான் என்று எங்கள் வரலாறு ஆசிரியர் கூறுவார். எல்லைக் கோடுகளை முன்காலத்தி ல்நாம் வரைந்தோம். இப்போது நாம் வரைகிறோம். இனியும் நாம் புதிய எல்லைக்கோடுகளை தொடர்ந்து வரைவோம்.

நாம் அனைவரும் ஒன்று என்பதை நாம் உணராத வரை நாம் இந்த செயல்களை (எல்லைக் கோடு வரைவதை நிறுத்தமாட்டோம் என்று நினைக்கிறேன். நாம் எல்லாரும் மனிதர்கள். நாம் ஒன்று கூடி இந்த பூமியில் வாழ்கிறோம். நாம் நம்முடையதை மற்றவருடன் பகிர்ந்து, அவர்களுடன் சேர்ந்து வளர வேண்டும்?

Now, that I think of this. I wonder if we did not have the boundaries, will we need weapons? Will we need protection from our own people? Does an eagle ever need to be saved from another eagle? Then, why do people have to be saved from other people?

இப்போது நான் இதை நினைக்கிறேன். நம் நாடுகளுக்கிடையே எல்லைகள் இல்லாவிட்டால் நமக்கு போர் ஆயுதங்கள் தேவைப்படுமா? என நான் கேட்கிறேன். நமது சொந்த மக்களிடமிருந்தே நமக்கு பாதுகாப்பு தேவைதானா?

ஒரு கழுகுக்கு மற்றொரு கழுகிடமிருந்து தன்னைப் பாதுகாத்துக் கொள்ளவேண்டிய தேவை ஏற்படுகிறதா? (இல்லையே) அப்படி என்றால் பிறகு ஏன் மனிதர்கள் மட்டும் பிற மனிதர்களிடமிருந்து காப்பாற்றப்பட வேண்டும்.

I want to help people realise that we are all one. And that, it is up to see beyond the boundaries and connect as people. Only then we can fight the real evil of greed and injustice in the world, together. I want to end by saying that I am happy now. My mother says we can be happy anywhere. I enjoy being here. Many people are very nice and helpful. I still remember my friends and my school in Tibet. I want to visit them when I grow up to tell them that we live in a wonderful world. To tell them that the world can be united only by its people.

நாம் அனைவரும் ஒரே குலம் தான் என்று மக்கள் உணருவதற்கு நான் உதவ விரும்புகிறேன். நாம் எல்லைகளை கடந்து மக்களோடு தொடர்பு கொள்வது என்பது நம் கையில் தான் உள்ளது. அப்பொழுது தான் தான் இவ்வுலகின் உண்மையான தீய சக்திகளான பேராசை, அநியாயம், அக்கிரமம் போன்றவற்றிற்கு எதிராக நாம் ஒன்றாக போராட முடியும்.

”நான் இப்பொழுது மகிழ்ச்சியாக இருக்கிறேன் என்று கூறி முடிக்க விரும்புகிறேன். நாம் எங்கு இருந்தாலும் மகிழ்ச்சியாக இருக்கலாம் என்று என் அம்மா சொல்கிறார். நான் இங்கு இருப்பதில் சந்தோஷப்படுகிறேன்.

அநேகர் இங்கு பழக நல்லவர்களாகவும் உதவி செய்பவர்களாகவும் இருக்கிறார்கள். நான் இன்னும் என் திபெத் பள்ளியையும், என் நண்பர்களையும் நினைவில் வைத்துள்ளேன். நான் பெரியவன் ஆனவுடன் அவர்களை சந்தித்து நாம் எப்படிப்பட்ட அற்புதமான உலகில் வாழ்கின்றோம் என சொல்ல விரும்புகிறேன். இவ்வுலகில் வாழும் மக்கள் மூலமாகத்தான் இந்த உலகம் இணைக்கப்பட முடியும் என்று நான் சொல்லுவேன்.

Come, join me on this journey to make this world better. A safer place. A happier place. A place with no boundaries.

வாருங்கள், இந்த உலகத்தை நாம் சிறப்பாக மேம்படுத்த இந்தப் பயணத்தில் என்னுடன் சேருங்கள். பாதுகாப்பான இடம், ஒரு மகிழ்ச்சியான இடம், எல்லையில்லாத ஓர் இடம்.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Guide Pdf Geography Term 3 Chapter 3 Natural Hazards – Understanding of Disaster Management in Practice Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Solutions Geography Term 3 Chapter 3 Natural Hazards – Understanding of Disaster Management in Practice

7th Social Science Guide Natural Hazards – Understanding of Disaster Management in Practice Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
………………………. is a event which causes enormous physical damage to property, loss of life and change in the environment.
a) Hazard
b) Disaster
c) Recovery
d) mitigation
Answer:
b) Disaster

Question 2.
Activities that reduce the effects of disaster
a) Preparation
b) Response
c) Mitigation
d) Recovery
Answer:
c) Mitigation

Question 3.
A sudden movement (or) trembling of the earth’s crust is called as ……………….
a) Tsunami
b) Earthquake
c) Fire
d) Cyclone
Answer:
b) Earthquake

Question 4.
A sudden overflow of water in a large amount caused due to heavy rainfall is called ……………………….
a) Flood
b) Cyclone
c) Drought
d) Seasons
Answer:
b) Cyclone

Question 5.
Road accidents can be avoided by permitting the persons who have ………………………. is allowed to drive vehicle.
a) Ration card
b) License
c) permission
d) Documents
Answer:
b) License

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. A hazard is a ……………….. event that can causes harm or damage to human and their property.
Answer:
disaster

2. Activities taken during a disaster is called …………………
Answer:
Response

3. Displacement of water can produce one or more huge destructive waves known as
Answer:
Tsunami

4. In case of fire accidents call the nearby police station or the no ……………….. for the fire service.
Answer:
101

5. Disaster management refers to ……………….. of lives and property during a natural or manmade disaster.
Answer:
conservation

III. Match the following:

Answer:

IV. Consider the following statement and tick the appropriate answer:

Question 1.
Assertion (A) : In the modem world we can’t live happing everyday.
Reason (R) : Due to pollution and environmental degradation we are undergoing natural hazard and Disaster
a) A and R are correct and A explains R
b) A and R are correct but A does not explain R
c) A is in correct bt R is correct
d) Both A and R are in correct
Answer:
a) A and R are correct and A explains R

Question 2.
Assertion (A) : Sudden movement (or) trembling of the earth’s crust is called an Earthquake.
Reason (R) : Movement of the tectonic plates, mass wasting, surface fault all leads to earthquake.
a) A and R are correct and A explains R
b) A and R are correct but A does not explain R
c) A is in correct but R is correct
d) Both A and R are in correct
Answer:
a) A and R are correct and A explains R

V. Answer the following briefly:

Question 1.
Define Hazard.
Answer:
Generally, a hazard is a dangerous phenomenon, substance, human activity, or condition that may cause loss of life, injury, health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods, services, social and economic disruption or environmental damage.

Question 2.
What is a disaster?
Answer:
A disaster can be generally defined as “A serious disruption in the society causing widespread material, economic, social or environmental losses.

Question 3.
What are the 4 concepts of the Disaster management cycle?
Answer:

1. Prevention
2. Mitigation
3. Preparedness
4. Response
5. Recovery
6. Rehabilitation

Question 4.
Name any two agency which involves in the warring system in Tamil Nadu.
Answer:

• Tamil Nadu State Disaster Response Force (SDRF) has been constituted with a strength of 80 Police Personnel.
• They have been trained in disaster management and rescue operations in consultation with the National Disaster Response Force(NDRF).

Question 5.
Write about any three effects of the flood.
Answer:

• Loss of life and property
• Displacement of people
• Spread of contagious diseases such as Cholera and Malaria etc.

Question 6.
Give any four Rail safety tips.
Answer:
Rail Safety Tips:

• Stay alert. Train scans come from either direction at any time.
• Never sit on the edge of the Station Platform.
• Cross the tracks safely.

Question 7.
Name any four different industry which goes under industrial disaster frequently.
Answer:

• Nuclear industries
• Chemical industries
• Match and crackers factory
• Cotton and Paper industry.

VI. Distinguish between:

Question 1.
Earthquake and Tsunami.
Answer:
Earthquake

1. A sudden movement (or) trembling of the earth’s crust.
2. The movement of the tectonic plates, mass wasting, landslides, surface fault,etc., causes earth quake.

Tsunami

1. When an earthquake jolts the ocean floor, the sudden dislocation of the sea bed occurs and the resulting displacement of water can produce one or more huge, destructive waves.
2. These waves rise to several meters and may reach the coast within a few minutes.

Question 2.
Flood and cyclone.
Answer:
Flood :

1. Heavy rainfall, cyclone, melting of snow, Tsunami or a dam burst.
2. A large amount of water is burst out.
3. Displacement of people, Spread of contagious diseases such as Cholera and Malaria, etc.

Cyclone :

1. Heavy rainfall, cyclone, melting of snow, Tsunami or a dam burst.
2. When it reaches land and destroys buildings and kills people, it can be described as a disaster.
3. Disrupts transportation, power communication.

Question 3.
Hazard and disaster.
Answer:
Hazard:

1. A hazard is a dangerous phenomenon.
2. Human activity or condition that may cause loss of life.
3. Eg: Injury, health impacts, property damage, loss of livelihoods, services.

Disaster

1. Disaster occurs naturally.
2. A serious disruption in society.
3. Eg: economic, social, or environmental losses.

VII. Answer the following questions in detail:

Question 1.
Write about the disaster management cycle.
Answer:
The six disaster management phases that have been used in the concept of disaster cycle are as follows;
Pre-Disaster phase:
Prevention and Mitigation:

1. The term prevention is often used to embrace the wide diversity of measures to protect persons and property.
2. Mitigation embraces all measures taken to reduce both the effects of the hazard itself and the vulnerable conditions to it in order to reduce the scale of a future disaster.
3. Therefore, mitigation may incorporate addressing issues such as land ownership, tenancy rights, wealth distribution, implementation of earthquake-resistant building codes, etc.

Preparedness:

1. The process includes various measures that enable governments, communities and individuals to respond rapidly to disaster situations to cope with them effectively.
2. Preparedness includes for example, the formulation of viable emergency plans, the development of warning systems, the maintenance of inventories, public awareness and education and the training of personnel.

Early Warning:

1. This is the process of monitoring the situation in communities or areas known to be vulnerable to slow onset hazards, and passing the knowledge of the pending hazard to people harmless way.
2. To be effective, warnings must be related to mass education and training of the population who know what actions they must take when warned.

The Disaster Impact:

1. This refers to the “real-time event of a hazard occurrence and affecting elements at risk.
2. The duration of the event will depend on the type of threat; ground shaking may only occur in a matter of seconds during an earthquake while flooding may take place over a longer sustained period.

During Disaster Phase:

Response: This refers to the first stage of response to any calamity, which includes examples such as setting up control rooms, putting the contingency plan in action, issue warning, action for evacuation, taking people to safer areas, rendering medical aid to the needy, etc., simultaneously rendering relief to the homeless, food, drinking water, clothing, etc. to the needy, restoration of communication, disbursement of assistance in cash or kind.

The Post- Disaster Phase:

Recovery: Recovery is used to describe the activities that encompass the three overlapping phases of emergency relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction.

Rehabilitation: Rehabilitation includes the provision of temporary public utilities and housing as interim measures to assist long-term recovery.

Reconstruction: Reconstruction attempts to return communities with improved pre-disaster functioning. It includes the replacement of buildings; infrastructure and lifeline facilities so that long-term development prospects are enhanced rather than reproducing the same conditions, which made an area or population vulnerable in the first place.

Development: In an evolving economy, the development process is an ongoing activity. Long-term prevention/disaster reduction measures. For example like the construction of embankments against flooding, irrigation facilities as drought-proofing measures, increasing plant cover to reduce the occurrences of landslides, etc.

Question 2.
Write about the flood, its effects, and the mitigation
Answer:
Flood: Sudden overflow of water in a large amount caused due to heavy rainfall, cyclone, melting of snow, Tsunami or a dam burst.
Effects:

1. Loss of life and property
2. Displacement of people and
3. Spread of contagious diseases such as cholera and Malaria etc.,

Mitigation for a flood:
They include flood walls/sea walls, flood gates, levees, and evacuation routes. Nonstructural measures reduce damage by removing people and property out of risk areas. They induce elevated structures, property buyouts, permanent relocation, zoning, subdivision and building codes.

Question 3.
Write about any five general survival techniques.
Answer:
General Survival Techniques:

1. During the earthquake be under the table, chair, kneel to the floor and protect yourself. Go near a sturdy wall, sit on the floor and hold the floor strongly and protect yourself. Use only torch lights,
2. During flood forecast, store up necessary things like first aid etc. Listen to the local Radio/TV for instructions. Cut off all the electrical supplies during flood and earthquake,
3. In case of fire accidents call fire service (No. 101)
4. If clothes are on fire, “Don’t Run; Stop, Drop and Roll,”
5. Stay alert. Trains can come from either direction at any time,
6. Never sit on the edge of the Station Platform,
7. Cross the tracks safely.

Question 4.
Write about the earthquake, its effects, and mitigation steps.
Answer:
Earthquake:
A sudden movement (or) trembling of the earth’s crust is called an earthquake. The movement of the tectonic plates, mass wasting, landslides, surface fault, etc., causes earthquakes.
Effects:
Due to a strong earthquake, loss of lives, buildings, roads, bridges, and dams are damaged. Earthquakes cause floods, tsunamis, landslides, fires, breakdown of water supply, and electrical lines. It may change the course of a river too.
Mitigation steps:

1. Construct an Earthquake resistant building.
2. Seek shelter under stable tables.
3. Move to open areas.
4. Secure your belonging.
5. Put latches on cabinet doors and file cabinets.
6. Store hazardous materials in a sturdy place.
7. Keep fire extinguishers.

VIII. HOTS:

Question 1.
Why should we know about the natural disaster?
Answer:

• To prevent loss of life.
• To Protect our belongings.
• To create awareness among youngsters.
• To be prepared with emergency phone nos.
• To be stocked with food, water medicine.
• For children and old age people.

Question 2.
Name four places in India which undergo landslide.
Answer:

• Tamil Nadu, Kerala, and Maharastra (Western ghats and Konkan hills)
• North Eastern Himalayas – (Darjeeling, and Sikkim)
• North West Himalayas – (Uttarakhand, Himachal Pradesh)
• Jammu and Kashmir.

7th Social Science Guide Natural Hazards – Understanding of Disaster Management in Practice Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct answer.

Question 1.
On 2nd to 3rd May ………………….. high-velocity dust storms swept across the parts of North India and more than 125 people died and over 200 were injured.
a) 2019
b) 2018
c) 2016
d) 2017
Answer:
b) 2018

Question 2.
After …………………..  tsunami, cyclone Gaja is the worst natural disaster to hit Tamilnadu.
a) 2004
b) 2005
c) 2006
d) 2007
Answer:
a) 2004

Question 3.
The word “Tsunami” is derived from the …………………..  word.
a) Italy
b) Germany
c) Korea
d) Japanese
Answer:
d) Japanese

Question 4.
A low-pressure area that is encircled by high-pressure wind is called a …………………..
a) Hurricane
b) Cyclone
c) Flood
d) Tsunami
Answer:
b) Cyclone

Question 5.
In the early hours of November 10, 2018………………….. cyclone had been spread around 120(Kmph).
a) Suthrina
b) vartha
c) Gaja
d) Verdan
Answer:
c) Gaja

Question 6.
…………………..  is used to describe the activities that encompass the three overlapping phases of emergency relief, rehabilitation, and reconstruction.
a) Recovery
b) Reconstruction
c) Rehabilitation
d) Development
Answer:
a) Recovery

Question 7.
…………………..  attempts to return communities with improved predisaster functioning.
a) Recovery
b) Reconstruction
c) Rehabilitation
d) Development
Answer:
b) Reconstruction

Question 8.
State Disaster Management plan – The perspective plan – …………………..  prepared by the Revenue and Disaster Management Department.
a) 2018-2030
b) 2010-2030
c) 2020-2030
d) 2030-2040
Answer:
a) 2018 – 2030

Question 9.
During the earthquake be under the ………………….., kneel to the floor and protect yourself.
a) table
b) below the wall
e) below the steps
d) near the mirror
Answer:
a) table

Question 10.
In case of fire accidents dial ………………….. for fire service.
a) 102
b) 103
c) 101
d) 100
Answer:
c) 101

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. Generally, a hazard is a …………………..
Answer:
dangerous phenomenon

2. A ………………….. (or) trembling of the earth crust is called as earthquake.
Answer:
sudden movement

3. Due to a strong earthquake, loss of lives, buildings, roads, bridges, and dams are damaged are called …………………..
Answer:
Hazards

4. ………………….. is a natural hazard. It develops at sea.
Answer:
Hurricane

5. ………………….. means harbor waves.
Answer:
Tsunami

6. The term………….. is a sudden rush of a crowd of people.
Answer:
stampede

7. …………………..  is a disaster.
Answer:
Fire

8. ………………….. refers to the “real-time event of a hazard occurrence and affecting elements at risk.
Answer:
Disaster Impact

9. ………………….. embraces all measures taken to reduce both the effects of the hazard itself and the vulnerable conditions.
Answer:
Mitigation

10. If any ………………….. occur dial, 101 for Fire service and 108 for the Ambulance.
Answer:
emergency medical help

III. Match the following:

Answer:

IV. Answer the following briefly:

Question 1.
Write down the examples of Natural disasters.
Answer:
Earthquakes, tsunamis, volcanic eruptions Landslides , Windstorms, Floods, and Epidemics.

Question 2.
What is the post-disaster phase in Disaster?
Answer:

• Response
• Recovery
• Rehabilitation

Question 3.
What is Preparedness?
Answer:
The process includes various measures that enable governments, communities, and individuals to respond rapidly to disaster situations to cope with them effectively.

V. Answer the following questions in detail:

Question 1.
Explain the general survival techniques while happening disasters.
Answer:

• During the earthquake be under the table.
• Hold the floor strongly.
• During flood forecast, store up necessary things like first aid.
• In case of fire accidents dial 101 for fire service.
• Road accidents can be avoided by following Road safety rules.
• Read the safety briefing card available in the seat pocket carefully.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Guide Pdf Geography Term 3 Chapter 2 Map Reading Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Solutions Geography Term 3 Chapter 2 Map Reading

7th Social Science Guide Map Reading Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
The science of map making is called …………………..
a) Geography
b) Cartography
c) Physiography
d) Physical Geography
Answer:
b) Cartography

Question 2.
North, South, East and West are four directions are called as
a) Cardinal
b) Geographical
c) Latitudinal
d) Angels
Answer:
a) Cardinal

Question 3.
Cultural maps are those which shows the ………………….. features.
a) Natural
b) Man – made
c) Artificial
d) Environmental
Answer:
b) Man – made

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. ………………….. is an essential tool of a geographer.
Answer:
Map

2. The directions in between the cardinal directions are the inter mediate …………………..
Answer:
directions

3. …………………..in a map which explains the different colours and symbols used in it.
Answer:
Legand

4. Cadastral maps are known as …………………..
Answer:
Village and Town Maps

5. Small scale maps are helpful to us to show large areas like ………………….. and …………………..
Answer:
Continents, Countries

III. Circle the odd one:

1. North East, Scale, North West and East.
2. White, Snow, High land, and Plains.
3. Relief map, Soil map, Physical map and Atlas.
4. Weather Forecasting, Climate, Rainfall and Temperature.
Answer:

IV. Match the following:

Answer:

V. Examine the Following Statements:

Question 1.
1. An Atlas is a bound volume of different types of maps
2. Atlas maps are drawn on smaller scale
3. Insignificant details are omitted
a) 1 and 3 are correct
b) 2 and 3 are correct
c) 1 and 2 are correct
d) 1, 2 and 3 are correct
Answer:
d) 1, 2 and 3 are correct

Question 2.
Statement I : Globe is a three dimensional model of the Earth.
Statement II : It is easy to handle and to carry. As it can be rolled up or folded.
a) Statement I is correct and II is wrong.
b) Statement I is wrong and II is correct
c) Both the statements are correct.
d) Both the statements are wrong.
Answer:
a) Statement I is correct and II is wrong.

VI. Name the following:

1. Representing the earth on a flat surface.
Answer:
Map

2. Ratio between the distance on a map and distance on the ground.
Answer:
Scale

3. Symbols which help to show road ways and railways.
Answer:

4. A book which contains different kinds of maps.
Answer:
Atlas

5. A map which shows administration divisions.
Answer:
Political map

VII. Answer the following:

Question 1.
What is a map?
Answer:

1. Map is a representation of the earth as a whole or a part of the earth drawn on a flat surface according to a given scale.
2. It can show continents, countries, cities and even a local area are drawn with specific details.

Question 2.
What is cartography?
Answer:
The science of map-making is called cartography (carte means map and graphic means drawing’). One who draws maps is called a Cartographer.

Question 3.
What are the cardinal directions?
Answer:
East and West, North and South.

Question 4.
What is an Atlas?
Answer:

• Atlas is a collection of maps in a book.
• Atlas maps are small-scale maps covering large areas like continents and countries.
• Only prominent relief features, main roads and railways important towns are shown in Atlas maps.
• The study of geographic characteristics of a large area is possible at the time with the help of an atlas.

Question 5.
Name the types of Atlas.
Answer:

1. School Atlas
2. Advanced Atlas
3. Regional Atlas
4. National Atlas.

Question 6.
What are the uses of maps?
Answer:

• Maps enable us to know the details of the landforms.
• Maps help the military personnel to campaigns.
• It is used in airplanes and ships.
• Maps are used for weather forecasting.

VIII. Answer in Detail:

Question 1.
What are the elements of maps? Write about it?
Answer:
The basic essential elements of a map are title, direction, scale and legend (or) key and signs and symbols.
Title:

• Every map has a title that describes the information given in the map.
• For example: India River.

Direction:

• In general maps are drawn with North orientation.
• It helps us to find other direction on the map like East, West and South.

Scale:

• The scale of a map is the ratio between the distance on the map between two points and actual distance between the two places on the ground.
• For example: 1 cm = 10km.

Question 2.
What are the three ways of representation of maps?
Answer:

• A map is an essential tool for a geographer.
• The map is a representation of the earth as a whole or a part of the earth drawn on a flat surface according to a given scale.
• It can show continents, countries, cities, and even a local area are drawn with specific details.
• It is easy to handle and carry as it can be rolled up (or) folded and stored in computers.

Question 3.
Classify the maps based on functions.
Answer:
The maps based on functions are:

• Relief, geology, soils, drainage, elements weather, and vegetation.
• Relief maps
• Geological maps
• Climatic maps
• Soil maps
• Cultural maps
• Political maps
• Population maps
• Economic maps
• Transportation maps
• Thematic maps

Question 4.
Write about the comparison of map and Globe.
Answer:
Map

1. A map is a two – dimensional form of the Earth.
2. A map shows a small or a large area.
3. A map can show detailed information about the area.
4. A map is very easy to carry.

Globe

1. A globe is three – dimensional model of the Earth.
2. A globe is a true model of the earth.
3. A globe cannot show detailed information for an area.
4. A globe is not easy to carry.

Question 5.
Describe the types of maps based on the scale? Write about it?
Answer:

• Based on Scale maps are two types.
• Large scale maps
• Short scale maps

Large scale maps:

• It shows small areas in greater detail because they are drawn on a relatively large scale.
• Cadastral maps are village and town maps.
• Topographical maps show smaller areas in much greater detail about the small areas.

Small scale maps:

• It shows large areas like continents or countries.
• These maps are drawn on 1 cm = 1000 km. These are called small-scale maps.
• Wall maps are small-scale maps showing large areas.
• Atlas is a collection of maps in a book. Atlas maps are small-scale maps covering large areas like continents and countries.

IX. HOTs:

Question 1.
Map is an essential tool for a traveler why?
Answer:
Map is an essential tool for a traveller, It helps a traveller to find out direction. It also tells about the latitudinal and longitudinal extent of a place. It helps one to locate a place easily and follow the correct travelling route.

X. Activity:

Question 2.
Draw the convectional signs and symbols to given points
a) Bridge
b) Canal
c) Dam
d) Temple
e) Forest
f) Railway Station
Answer:

7th Social Science Guide Map Reading Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct answer:

Question 1.
………………….. portraits political boundaries of different countries and states.
a) Religion atlas
b) Soil maps
c) National atlas
d) Maps
Answer:
d) Maps

Question 2.
The map-maker is called…………………..
a) Photographer
b) Cartographer
c) Pictograph
d) Sonographer
Answer:
b) Cartographer

Question 3.
………………….. contains detailed maps of a country.
a) Religion atlas
b) Soil maps
c) National atlas
d) Climatic maps
Answer:
c) National atlas

Question 4.
………………….. are drawn to show geological structures, rocks, and minerals.
a) Relief maps
b) Soil maps
c) Geographical maps
d) Thematic maps
Answer:
c) Geographical maps

Question 5.
In general, maps are drawn with………………….. orientation
a) North
b) South
c) East
d) West
Answer:
a) North

Question 6.
The features of White colour in Map is …………………..
a) Snow
b) Cloud
c) Rain
d) Water
Answer:
a) Snow

Question 7.
The features of ………………….. colour in Map is Waterbodies.
a) Blue
b) Green
c) White
d) Yellow
Answer:
a) Blue

Question 8.
The features of ………………….. colour in Map is Railway line
a) Black
b) Red
c) Blue
d) Green
Answer:
a) Black

Question 9.
A ………………….. is a widely used symbol or a line pattern or a colour on a map.
a) Volcanoes
b) Forts
c) Sign
d) lakes
Answer:
c) Sign

Question 10.
Maps help the ………………….. personnel to campaigns.
a) Military
b) Government
c) Disasters
d) Schools
Answer:
a) Military

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. A ……………………. is an essential tool of a geographer.
Answer:
Map

2. ………………….. show small areas in greater details because they are drawn on a relatively large scale.
Answer:
Large scale maps

3. …………………..are village and town maps.
Answer:
Cadastral maps

4. ………………….. shows smaller areas in much greater details about a small area.
Answer:
Topographical maps

5. …………………. that show large areas like continent or countries.
Answer:
Small scale maps

6. ………………….. are small-scale maps showing large areas.
Answer:
Wall maps

7. …………………..is a collection of maps in a book.
Answer:
Atlas

8. ………………….. is a web-based service that provides detailed information about geographical regions and sites around the world.
Answer:
Digital Maps

9. map 1 cm is equal to …………………… km on the grand.
Answer:
10 Km

10. The features of ………………….. colour in Map is agriculture.
Answer:
Yellow

11. The features of ………………….. colour in Map is Forest.
Answer:
Green

12. The features of ………………….. colour in Map is Mountain, Hill, and Contour.
Answer:
Brown

13. The features of ………………….. colour in Map is Settlements, Road.
Answer:
Red

14. On the map police station is denoted by the symbol …………………..
Answer:
Ps

15. Maps are used for …………………..
Answer:
weather forecasting

III. Match the following:

Answer:

IV. Examine the Following Statements:

Question 1.
Statement – 1: In general Maps are drawn with North orientation.
Statement – 2: The North is Notified by the letter ‘S’ with an arrow mark.
a) Statement I is correct and II is wrong.
b) Statement I is wrong and II is correct
c) Both the statements are correct.
d) Both the statements are wrong.
Answer:
a) Statement I is correct and II is wrong

V. Answer the following:

Question 1.
How Maps are drawn in early times?
Answer:
In the early times, various materials such as animal skin, cloth, parchment, papyrus, wet earth and clay tablets were used to make maps.

Question 2.
Write a short note on Digital maps.
Answer:
Digital map is a web-based service that provides detailed information about geographical regions and sites around the world.

Question 3.
Define Globe.
Answer:

• A globe is a three-dimensional model of the Earth.
• A globe cannot show detailed information for an area.
• A globe is not easy to carry.

VII. Answer in Detail:

Question 1.
What are the features of colours on the map?
Answer:

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Guide Pdf History Term 2 Chapter 3 Rise of Marathas and Peshwas Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Solutions History Term 2 Chapter 3 Rise of Marathas and Peshwas

7th Social Science Guide Rise of Marathas and Peshwas Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
1. Who was the teacher and guardian of Shivaji?
a) Dadaji Kondadev
b) Kavi Kalash
c) Jijabai
d) Ramdas
Answer:
a) Dadaji Kondadev

Question 2.
How was the Prime Minister of Maratha kings known?
a) Deshmukh
b) Peshwa
c) Panditrao
d) Patil
Answer:
b) Peshwa

Question 3.
Name the family priest of Shambhuji who influenced him in his day-to-day administration.
a) Shahu
b) Anaji Datto
c) Dadaji Kondadev
d) KaviKalash
Answer
c) Dadaji Kondadev

Question 4.
What was the backbone of Shivaji’s army in the beginning?
a) Artillery
b) Cavalry
c) Infantry
d) Elephantry
Answer:
c) Infantry

Question 5.
Who proclaimed wars and freed Malwa and Gujarat from Mughal domination?
a) Balaji Vishwanath
b) Bajirao
c) Balaji Bajirao
d) Shahu
Answer:
Bajirao

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. The spread of the …………….. movement in Maharashtra helped the Maratha people to develop
consciousness and oneness.
Answer:
Bhakti

2. …………… was the key official of the revenue administration of Peshwa.
Answer:
Kamavisdar

3. The imperial moment of the Marathas sadly ended at ………………. in 1761.
Answer:
Panipat

4. ……………… was the foreign minister in the Ashtapradhan.
Answer:
Sumant / Dubeer

5. Shambhuji succeeded Shivaji after a succession tussle with ………………..
Answer:
Anaji Datto

III. Match the following.

Answer:

IV. State true or false:

1. The rocky and mountainous terrain gave protection to the Marathas from invaders.
Answer:
True

2. Hymns composed in Sanskrit by the Bhakti saints were sung by people of all castes and classes.
Answer:
False

3. Shivaji captured Puranthar from the Mughals.
Answer:
True

4. Deshmukhs held sway over rural regions and their control was over between twenty and a hundred villages.
Answer:
True

5. Abdali invaded ten times before finally marching on Delhi.
Answer:
False

V. Consider the following statements. Tick (✓) the appropriate answer:

Question 1.
Assertion (A) : Soldiers were to live in forts and towns far away from home
Reason (R) : Maratha soldiers were not permitted to retire from battlefields each year for the
purpose of cultivating their land.
a) R is correct explanation of A
b) R is not the correct explanation of A
c) A is Wrong and R is correct
d)A and R are wrong
Answer:
a) R is the correct explanation of A

Question 2.
Statement I: Judging from the ledgers of correspondence and account books, Peshwas were keen on accurate record-keeping.
Statement II: Artillery decided the battle at Panipat in 1761.
a) I is correct
b) II is correct
c) I and II are correct
d) I and II are false
Answer:
a) R is the correct explanation of A

Question 3.
Find the odd one out
Shahji, Shivaji, Shambuji, Shahu, Rahuji Bhonsle
Answer:

Question 4.
Find out the wrong pair
1. Gaikwad – Baroda
2. Peshwa – Nagpur
3. Holkar – Indore
4. Shinde – Gwalior
Answer:
2. Peshwa – Nagpur

Question 5.
Arrange the events in chronological order
I) Shivaji became totally independent after the death of his guardian Kondadev.
II) Emperor Shahu died when Balaji Bajirao was Peshwa.
III) Shivaji resumed his military raids after his father’s death and conquered Javali.
IV) Balaji Vishwanath became Peshwa.
Answer:
I), III), IV), II)

VI. Answer in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
The impact of the Bhakti movement on Marathas.
Answer:

• The Bhakti movement in Maharastra helped the Maratha people to develop consciousness of their identity and oneness.
• It promoted a feeling of unity and social equality among the Marathas.

Question 2.
Chauth and Sardeshmukhi
Answer:
Chauth:
It is one-fourth of the revenue collected as the protection money collected from the people by Shivaji.

Sardeshmukhi:
It was an extra one-tenth, as the chieftain’s due collected by Shivaji.

Question 3.
Role of Kamavisdar in Maratha revenue administration.
Answer:

• The revenue administration of Peshwas was headed by Kamavisdar.
• He had to maintain a small body of soldiers to police the administrative area, from where they collected tribute or tax.

Question 4.
Execution of Shambhuji by Mughal Army.
Answer:

• Shambhuji was in no position to resist the Mughals.
• But Aurangzeb himself arrived to Deccan and captured Shambhuji and after torture, hanged them put to death.

Question 5.
Battle of Panipat fought in 1761.
Answer:
The imperial moment of the Marathas sadly ended at Panipat near Delhi in 1761. The king of the Afghans, Ahmad Shah Abdali, invaded eight times before finally marching onto Delhi. The Marathas were now divided among several commanders, who approached the battle with different tactics. Artillery decided the battle in January 1761. The mobile artillery of the Afghans proved lethal against both Maratha cavalry and infantry.

VII. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Examine the essential features of the Maratha administration under Shivaji.
Answer:
Village Administration:

• Deshmukh control twenty and a hundred villages.
• Each village was administered by village headman ‘Patil’, who was assisted by village accountant ‘Kulkami’.

Military Administration:

• Shivaji gave utmost attention to his army and the training of its personnel.
• Every soldier was selected by Shivaji.
• Retired captains holding in charge of guarding the forts.

Ashtapradhan:
Shivaji designated eight ministers as ‘Ashtapradhan’. Peshwa was the Prime minister and Amatya was the finance minister.

Revenue Administration:

• He collected Chauth and Sardeshmukhi taxes.
• The assessments were made 3/5 left to the cultivator and 2/5 taken by the Government.

Judicial Administration:

• Civil cases decided by the Panchayat and village council.
• Criminal laws were based on the shastras of Hindu law books.

VIII. HOTs:

Question 1.
Compare the revenue administration of the Peshwas with that of Shivaji.
Answer:

• Peshwas appointed Kamavisdar to collect the tax.
• A small staff of clerks and servants were employed to maintain revenue records.
• The contract for revenue collection auctioned.
• A prospective tax or Revenue required to pay one third to one – half of the revenue.
• While Shivaji required to pay Chauth (1/4 of revenue) as protection money, and Sardeshmukhi (extra 1/10 of revenue) chieftain’s due.
• The assessment was made on three fifths (3/5) left to the cultivator and two fifths (2/5) taken by the government.

X. Student Activity:

I. Match the responsibilities of Ashtapradhan

Answer:

2. Group Activity

Question
Collect information about the Thanjavur Marathas with special reference to their contribution to education, art, and architecture.
Answer:

•  Venkoji, a half-brother of great Maratha king Shivaji established the Maratha Kingdom at Tanjore in April 1674 A.D.
•  Shahuji I, Serfoji I, Serfoji II were important rulers of Tanjore Maratha place, Saraswathi Mahal Library were important buildings built by them.
• They favoured, Sanskrit, and Telugu literature.
• Tanjore paintings are added beauty to their palaces.

7th Social Science Guide Rise of Marathas and Peshwas Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct answer.

Question 1.
The welfare system followed by Shivaji was
a) Tulughama
b) Guerilla
c) Tank System
d) Bluewater policy
Answer:
b) Guerilla

Question 2.
The major Mughal port in the Arabian sea was
a) Karachi
b) Cochin
c) Goa
d) Surat
Answer:
d) Surat

Question 3.
Shivaji assumed the title Chhatrapathi in the year.
a)1654
b)1664
c)1674
d)1684
Answer:
b) 1664

Question 4.
The village accountant and a keeper of records in the Maratha empire was
a) Kulkarni
b) Patil
c) Nyayadhish
d) Senapathi
Answer:
a) Kulkarni

Question 5.
Eight ministers council of Shivaji was known as
a) Astadiggajas
b) Ashta Pradhan
c) Navarathnas
d) Triratnas
Answer:
b) Ashta Pradhan

Question 6.
The name of the Gwalior Maratha family is ……………..
a) Gaikuvar
b) Bhosle
c) Holkan
d) Scindhia
Answer:
d) Scindhia

Question 7.
Shivaji conquered Javali from the Maratha chief …………………..
a) Chandra Rao More
b) Shaisha Khan
c) Afzal khan
d) Kondadev
Answer:
a) Chandra Rao More

Question 8.
………………was the major port of Mughals.
a) Bijapur
b) Javali
c) Pune
d) Surat
Answer:
d) Surat

Question 9.
In Maratha administration ……………… held sway over rural regions.
a) Patil
b) Kulkami
c) Deshmukkhs
d) All of these
Answer:
c) Deshmukkhs

Question 10.
In Maratha Administration Waqia – navis was responsible for …………….. ministry.
a) Finance
b) External affairs
c) Interior
d) Law
Answer:
c) Interior

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. ……………. was the father of Shivaji.
Answer:
Shaji Bhonsle

2. Shivaji’s mother ……………….
Answer:
Jijabal.

3. Two great Hindu epics are ……………. and the ……………
Answer:
Ramé yana, Mahabharatha.

4. The strength of Shivaji’s army was …………….. Soldiers.
Answer:
Mavali foot

5. Shivaji conquered Javali in …………………
Answer:
1656

6. Aurangzeb’s uncle and the Mughal general were…………….
Answer:
Shaista Khan

7. Shivaji plundered Surat in ………………
Answer:
1664.

8. Chatrapati means ……………….
Answer:
Parasolpati

9. The village headman in Maratha kingdom was …………………..
Answer:
Patil.

10. ………………… was the chief Justice in the Marathon empire.
Answer:
Nyayadhish

11. Shahu mean …………….
Answer:
honest

12.Two prominent Maratha families are …………….., …………….
Answer:
Gaikwad, Peshwa

13. During the period of the ……………….. the northern frontiers of the Maratha state extended
Answer:
Peshwa Balaji Bajiro

14. The revenue administration of Peshwa was headed by a key official called ………………….
Answer:
Kamavisdar

15. the Third Battle of Panipat was fought in the year …………………
Answer:
1761 A.D

III. Match the following:

Answer:

IV. State true or false:

1. The Bhakti Movement in Maharastra helped the Maratha people develop consciousness of their identity and oneness
Answer:
True

2. The forces of Shivaji Plundered Surat in 1674.
Answer:
False

V. Consider the following statements. Tick (✓) the appropriate answer:

Question 1.
Assertion (A) : Shivaji’s father captivated by the Sultan of Bijapur.
Reason (R) : Shivaji’s Military raids angered the Sultan of Bijapur.
a) R is not the correct explanation of A
b) R is the correct explanation of A
c) A is correct and R is wrong
d) (A) and (R) are Correct
Answer:
b) R is the correct explanation of A

Question 2.
Assertion (A) : Bajirao assumed the powers of the commands in chief
Reason (R) : He didn’t want to depend on Deshmukh’s
a) R is not the correct explanation of A
b) R is the correct explanation of A
c) A is correct and R is wrong
d) (A) and (R) are Correct
Answer:
a) R is not the correct explanation of A

Question 3.
Find the odd one out.
1. Shurunavis, Waqia – Navis, Sumant, Kamavisdar
Answer:

VI. Answer in one or two sentences:

Question 1.
Who were the notable saints of the Bhakthi movement?
Answer:
Eknath, Tukaram, and Ramdas were the notable saints of the Bhakti Movement

Question 2.
What is the meaning of Chhatrapati?
Answer:
Chhatra means ‘parasol’, pati means ‘master or lord’ is the Sanskrit equivalent of King or Emperor. It was used by the Marathas, especially Shivaji.

Question 3.
Name the prominent Maratha families.
Answer:

• Gaekwad at Baroda
• Bhonsle at Nagpur
• Holkar at Indore
• Shinde or Scindhia at Gwalior
• Peshwa at Pune.

VII. Answer the following:

Question 1.
What were the factors responsible for the rise of Marathas?
Answer:
Geographical Features:
The rocky and mountainous terrain proved to be advantageous in guerrilla warfare for Marathas.

Bhakti Movement and the Marathas:
The Bhakthi Movement in Maharashtra helped the Maratha people develop consciousness of their identity and oneness. It promoted a feeling of unity and social equality among the Marathas.

Literature and Language of the Marathas:
Marathi Language and literature also served to develop unity among the people.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 4th English Guide Pdf Term 2 Supplementary Chapter 2 Save Wisely Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 4th English Solutions Term 2 Supplementary Chapter 2 Save Wisely

4th English Guide Save Wisely Text Book Back Questions and Answers

A. Fill in the blanks.

Question 1.
Every year the children visit their _____________.
Answer:
Grandparents

Question 2.
At the end of the festival , Kamali and Senthil saved ___________.
Answer:
Some amount

Question 3.
Savings is done after fulfilling the ____________
Answer:
Basic needs

Question 4.
Senthil bought a ___________ from his savings.
Answer:
Camera

Question 5.
Kamali gave her savings to _____________.
Answer:
Her father

B. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
What did the children buy with money they have?
Answer:
The children bought sweets, toys, chocolates or packed food items.

Question 2.
What did the grandfather announce?
Answer:
He announced that the children should save the money they get over the course of a year and spend it purposefully.

Question 3.
What happened to Jayan?
Answer:
Jayan got sick due to food poisoning.

Question 4.
What did Kamali get as gift?
Answer:
Kamali got a brand new fulte as gift.

Question 5.
What will you do with your savings?
Answer:
I will buy a gift for my mother and father.

Answer the following Additional Questions and Answers.

Question 1.
Why did the children visit their native village?
Answer:
They visited their native village for the car festival that lasted for three days.

Question 2.
What did the family members and relatives would give their children?
Answer:
They would give them money to buy sweets and toys.

Question 3.
What would the children do with that money?
Answer:
They would spend all the money and never saved the money at all.

Question 4.
Were the children excited by the announcement?
Answer:
No, the children were not excited by the announcement.

Question 5.
What did Jayan and Kauvery decide to do?
Answer:
Jayan and Kauvery decided to enjoy the festival to the fullest. They bought every single type of food available across the shops.

Question 6.
Who were the eldest of the kids?
Answer:
The eldest of the kids were Kamali and Senthil.

Question 7.
How did Senthil and Kamali save every rupee they got?
Answer:
They controlled their desires and saved every rupee they got.

Question 8.
How much did they manage to save by the end of the festival?
Answer:
They managed to save around three hundred rupees by the end of the festival.

Question 9.
What did Senthil do?
Answer:
He opened savings account in the nearest post office.

Question 10.
What was Senthil’s dream?
Answer:
Senthil’s dream was to buy a camera.

Let us read aloud

Read the passage three times on your own. Colour a Piggy bank each time you read.

Piggy bank is a coin box used by children. The real use of a piggy bank is to store coins. Piggy banks look like pigs. They come in many shapes and sizes. In Tamil, they are known as Hundial. It is a red, mud pot. We can drop the coins into the pot. Once the pot is full, we must break the pot and use they coins. Start saving with your hundial today!

Question 1.

Hundial is a ____________ pot.
Answer:
Red, mud

Question 2.

Mostly piggy banks looks like ___________
Answer:
Pigs.

Question 3.
The main idea of the passage is ___________
(a) To buy a piggy bank.
(b) To save.
Answer:
(b) To save

Let us write

This month you have managed to save Rs. 100 from your pocket money. Fill out the challan to deposit it in your Savings Account at the post office.

Question 1.

Answer:

Fill up the withdrawal form to withdraw Rs.200 from your Savings Account.

Question 1.

Answer:

I can do

A. Fill in the blanks.

Question 1.
Moles dig __________ to catch worms.
Answer:
Long and wide tunnel

Question 2.
Leaf cutter ants drink ___________
Answer:
Leaf sap

Question 3.
Kamali gave her savings to ____________.
Answer:
Her father

B. Join the word with the correct prefix.

Question 1.

Answer:

1. Prepaid
2. Resend
3. Unable
4. Discontinue

C. Match the rhyming words.

Question 1.
Save ___________
Answer:
Gave

Question 2.
Countries __________
Answer:
Pantries

Question 3.
larder ___________
Answer:
Starter

D. Recite the poem with correct intonation.
Answer:
Activity to be done by the students

E. Write the words given in the bracket in correct tenses.

Question 1.
I __________ (see) him accidently.
Answer:
Saw

Question 2.
We ____________ (move) back to city yesterday.
Answer:
Answer:
Moved

Question 3.
Rani ____________ (meet) Rita tomorrow.
Answer:
Wil meet

F. Write the past form of the verbs.

Question 1.

run ____________
Answer:
Ran

Question 2.

eat ____________
Answer:
Ate

Question 3.

swim ____________
Answer:
Swam

Save Wisely Summary in English and Tamil

Every year, Kamali and her cousins would visit their grandparents in their native village for the car festival that lasted for three days. The entire village will be in a festive mood. The children were the most excited. The family members and relatives would give the children money to buy sweets and toys.

ஒவ்வொரு வருடமும் கமலியும், அவனுடைய ஒன்றுவிட்ட உறவுகளும் (சகோதர/ சகோதரிகள்) தங்கள் பூர்வீக கிராமத்தில் உள்ள தாத்தா, பாட்டியை காணவும் அங்கு மூன்று நாட்கள் நடைபெறும் தேர்த்திருவிழாவை காணவும் செல்வர். மொத்த கிராமமுமே பண்டிகைக்கால கொண்டாட்டத்தில் இருக்கும். குழந்தைகள் தான் இதில் மிக உற்சாகமாக இருப்பர். குடும்பத்தாரும், உறவினரும் தங்கள் குழந்தைகளுக்கு இனிப்புகளும், பொம்மைகளும்
வாங்க பணம் தருவர்.

The children would buy toys, chocolates, sweets or packed food items. They would spend all the money, and never saved the money at all. Their grandfather felt that the children should learn to save and use their money wisely. So, this year, he announced that the children should save the money they get over the course of a year, and spend it purposefully.

பொம்மைகள், சாக்லேட்கள், இனிப்புகள் அல்லது பாக்கெட்டுகளில் அடைக்கப்பட்ட உணவுகளை, குழந்தைகள் வாங்குவர். அவர்கள் பணத்தை சேமிக்காமல் அனைத்தையும் செலவு செய்வர். அவர்களுஅவர்களுடைய பாட்டனார், குழந்தைகள் சேமிக்க கற்க வேண்டுமெனவும் பணத்தை விவேகமாக செலவு செய்ய அறிய வேண்டுமெனவும் நினைத்தார். அதனால், இந்த வருடம் முழுவதும் அவர்கள் சேமிக்கும் பணத்தை உபயோகமாக செலவழிக்க வேண்டுமென அறிவித்தார்.

The children werenot at all excited by the announcement. Rajan and Mala were the youngest of the kids.They did not take the grandfather seriously. They spent their money on sweets and toys. The other siblings, Jayan and Kavery, decided to enjoy the festival to the fullest.

இந்த அறிவிப்பால் குழந்தைகள் மகிழவில்லை ராஜனும், மாலாவும் தான் இருப்பதிலேயே இளையவர்கள். அவர்கள் தாத்தா கூறியதை பெரிதாக எடுத்துக் கொள்ளவில்லை . அவர்கள் தங்கள் பணத்தை இனிப்புகள் மற்றும் பொம்மைகள் வாங்குவதில் செலவிட்டனர். அவர்களின் உடன்பிறப்புகள் ஜெயனும், காவேரியும் கூட அந்த திருவிழாவை முழுமையாய், சந்தோஷமாய் அனுபவிக்க முடிவெடுத்தனர்.

They bought every single type of food available across the shops. On the second day, Jayan got sick due to poisoning. So he decided to spend food the money only on toys. The eldest of the kids were Kamali and Senthil. They were determined to save the money and use it purposefully. So they controlled their desires and saved every rupee they got.

எந்தவிதமான உணவு கடைகளில் கிடைத்தாலும் அதை வாங்கினர். மறு நாள் ஜெயன் உண்ட உணவு நஞ்சேற்றம் கண்டதால், அவன் பணத்தைக் கொண்டு பொம்மைகள் வாங்க சிட்டமிட்டான். அந்த கமந்கைகளிலேயே கமலியம். செந்திலும் தான் பெரியவர்கள். அவர்கள் தங்கள் ஆசைகளை அடக்கிக் கொண்டு, கிடைத்த ஒவ்வொரு ரூபாயையும் சேமித்தனர்.

By the end of the festival, they managed to save around three hundred rupees. Grandfather was so happy to see their effort.

திருவிழா முடிவடையும் நேரத்தில், அவர்களால் முந்நூறு ரூபாய் சேமிக்க முடிந்தது. அவர்கள் முயற்சியில் பாட்டனார் ஆனந்தமடைந்தார்.

Senthil, when he went home, took his father to the nearest post office and opened a savinas account. He saved all his pocket money and found new ways to save money like he started to walk instead of taking the bus. He kept his stationeries safely so that he did not have to keep buying them. He re-used his old books to save money.

செந்தில் வீடு திரும்பியதும் தன் தந்தையை அழைத்துக் கொண்டு அருகிலுள்ள தபால் ஆபீசுக்கு சென்று, ஒரு சேமிப்புகணக்கு துவங்கினான். தன் கைச்
செலவுக்கு தரப்படும் பணத்தை சேமித்து வைத்தவுடன், பணம் சேமிக்க புதுப்புது வழிகளை கண்டுபிடித்தான். அவன் பேருந்தில் செல்வதற்கு பதில் நடந்து செல்ல ஆரம்பித்தான். தன் எழுது பொருட்களை பத்திரமாக ne வைத்திருந்து, மேலும் வாங்குவதை தவிர்த்தான். தன் பழைய புத்தகங்களை மறுபடி உபயோகித்து பணத்தை சேமித்தான்.

Soon, his father made him understand that savings is done after using the money for basic needs. So Senthil bought new books to take notes in his class. Senthil’s dream was to buy a camera. At the end of the year, his father checked his savings and bought him the latest camera with
his savings!

ஆனால், அவன் தந்தையார் அவனிடம் அடிப்படை தேவைகளுக்கு பயன்படுத்திய பிறகுதான், பணத்தை சேமிக்க வேண்டுமென உணர வைத்தார். அதனால் செந்தில் புதிய புத்தகங்களை வாங்கி வகுப்பில் குறிப்பெடுத்தான் செந்திலுக்கு வருட இறுதியில் ஒரு காமெரா வாங்க எண்ண ம் இருந்தது. வருட இறுதியில் அவன் சேமிப்பை சோதித்த அவனுடைய தந்தையார் அவனுக்கு, அவனுடைய சேமிப்பில் இருந்தே ஒரு சமீபத்திய காலத்திற்குரிய காமெரா வாங்கித் தந்தார்.

Kamali had a clear plan. She had a friend named Anandhi. Anandhi’s father was a futist. They lived in the same street, so the girls used to visit each other often. On many of these occasions, Anandhi used to teach her to play the flute. Kamali always wanted to buy a fute.

கமலிக்கு ஒரு தெளிவான திட்டம் இருந்தது. அவள் தோழியின் பெயர் ஆனந்தி என்பதாகும். ஆனந்தியின் அப்பா ஒரு புல்லாங்குழல் கலைஞர். அவர்கள் இருவரும் ஒரே தெருவில் வசித்ததால், ஒருவரை ஒருவர் அடிக்கடி சந்தித்துக் கொள்வர். பல சமயங்களில்’ கமலிக்கு, ஆனந்தி புல்லாங்குழல் வாசிக்க கற்றுத் தருவாள். கமலி எப்போதும் ஒரு புல்லாங்குழல் வாங்கவேண்டுமென்ற எண்ண த்தோடு இருந்தாள்.

At the end of one year, she managed to save some amount. At that time,her father needed money urgently asked if he could use her savings. He promised to return the money soon. Kamali gave her savings to her father. Although she was proud of helping her father, she still wanted to buy the flute. She was disappointed.

ஒரு வருட முடிவில் அவளால் சிறிது பணம் சேமிக்க முடிந்தது. அந்த நேரத்தில் அவள் தந்தைக்கு அவசரமாக and பணம் தேவைப்பட்டதால், அவளுடைய பணத்தை உபயோகப்படுத்திக் கொள்ளலாமா என்று கேட்டார். அந்த பணத்தை விரைவில் திருப்பி தந்து விடுவதாகவும்கூறினார். தன் தந்தைக்கு உதவியதற்காக அவள் மகிழ்ந்தாலும் அவளுக்கு புல்லாங்குழல் வாங்குவது எண்ணமாக இருந்ததால் அவள் ஏமாற்றமடைந்தாள்.

Soon it was time to visit the village. Everyone was happy to meet each other after one year. On the day of the car festival, the whole family gathered in the village. Everyone in the family shared about the year gone one by one. After dinner, Senthil brought his new camera and told grandpa how he had saved and bought the camera. Grandpa was very proud and happy. He congratulated him.

கிராமத்துக்கு செல்லும் நேரமும் வந்துவிட்டது. ஒரு வருடத்திற்கு பின்னர் ஒருவரை ஒருவர் சந்தித்து ஆனந்தம் அடைந்தனர். திருவிழா அன்று மொத்த குடும்பமும் கிராமத்தில் குழுமி இருந்தது. குடும்பத்தில் இருந்தஒவ்வொருவரும் கடந்த வருடத்தை பற்றி, ஒவ்வொருவராக அனுபவங்களை பகிர்ந்து கொண்டனர். உணவிற்கு பிறகு,செந்தில் தாத்தாவிடம், தான் வாங்கிய புது காமெராவை காட்டினான். தாத்தா பெருமையும், மகிழ்ச்சியும் பொங்க அவனை பாராட்டினார்.

Meanwhile, Kamali’s father gave grandpa a gift and said something in his ears. Grandpa smiled and called Kamali. He gave her the aift. Her savings were used to buy the gift. Kamali eagerly opened the box and found a brand new flute. Her eyes were moist with tears. The whole family asked her to play the flute.

இதனிடையே கமலியின் தந்தையார், தாத்தாவின் காதுகளில் ரகசியமாக எதையோ கூறி ஒரு பரிசை அளித்தார். தாத்தா புன்னகையுடன் கமலியை அழைத்து அந்த பரிசை கொடுத்தார். அவளுடைய. சேமிப்பை கொண்டு அந்த பரிசை வாங்கியதாக, தெரிவிக்கப்பட்டது. கமலி ஆவலுடன் அந்த பெட்டியை திறந்து பார்த்ததும் அதில் ஒரு புத்தம் புதிய புல்லாங்குழல் இருந்தது. அவள் கண்கள் அதைக் கண்டதும் கண்ணீரால் ஈரமானது. மொத்த குடும்பமும் அவளை புல்லாங்குழல் வாசிக்கக் கேட்டுக் கொண்ட னர்.

Kamali played a song that her friend had taught her. Senthil started clicking pictures of the event with his camera.

தன் தோழி கற்றுக் கொடுத்த ஒரு பாடலை, கமலி வாசித்துக் காட்டினாள். செந்தில் காமெராவில் அதை படங்களாக எடுத்தான்.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Guide Pdf Geography Term 3 Chapter 1 Exploring Continents – North America and South America Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Solutions Geography Term 3 Chapter 1 Exploring Continents – North America and South America

7th Social Science Guide Exploring Continents – North America and South America Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
The ………………….. separates North America from Asia.
a) Bering Strait
b) Palk Strait
c) Malacca Strait
d) Gibraltar straits
Answer:
a) Bering Strait

Question 2.
………………….. is known as the “sugar bowl of the world”.
a) Mexico
b) USA
c) Canada
d) Cuba
Answer:
d) Cuba

Question 3.
………………….. are the longest rivers in North America.
a) The Mississippi and Missouri rivers
b) The Mackenzie river
c) The St. Lawrence river
d) The Colorado river
Answer:
a) The Mississippi and Missouri rivers

Question 4.
………………….. is the longest mountain chain in the world.
a) The Andes
b) The Rockies
c) The Himalayas
d) The Alps
Answer:
a) The Andes

Question 5.
………………….. basin gets rainfall every day because of its equatorial location
a) The Mackenzie
b) The Orinoco
c) The Amazon
d) The Parana
Answer:
c) The Amazon

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. ………………….. 86 m below the sea level is the lowest part of the continent of North America.
Answer:
Death valley

2.
………………….. is one of the world’s best fishing grounds.
Answer:
Grand bank

3. The highest peak in the Andes is ………………….. on the Chile – Argentina border.
Answer:
Mount Aconcagua

4. ………………….. of the equatorial regions are called the “lungs of the world”.
Answer:
The selvas

5. …………………. is also known as the “coffee pot” of the world.
Answer:
Minas Gersals and Sao paulo

III. Match the following:

Answer:

IV. Give the Reasons:

Question 1.
The eastern coast of North America particularly the USA enjoys a mild climate.
Answer:
The South and east are usually warm all the year round and regions around the mouth of the Mississippi – Missouri and the Gulf Coast have summer rain from the North East Trades which blow onshore in summer.

Question 2.
The United States of America is known as “Melting Pot”.
Answer:
The United States of America is known as a “Melting pot” where hundreds of different cultures meet, blend, and create a new culture.

Question 3.
Though Quito and Amazon basin are in the same latitude Quito enjoys eternal Spring. Whereas the Amazon basin is hot.
Answer:

1. The Climatic of the continent of South America has been closely influenced by the latitudes, altitudes, and the proximity of the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans.
2. It is hot in the Amazon basin as the equator passes through it whereas Quito situated almost on the
   same latitude on the Andes has Eternal Spring
3. That is, it has a pleasant climate throughout the year because of its high altitude at 9,350 feet or 2849.88 the meter above the sea level.

Question 4.
Peru is one of the world’s largest producers of tròpical fish.
Answer:

• Peru is one of the world’s largest producers of tropical fish. Here the cool Humboldt Current helps in bring planicton, which is the main food for fishes.
• Commercial deep-sea fishing off of Peru’s coastal belt over 3000 km.

V. Distinguish between

Question 1.
The Rocky Mountain and the Appalachian mountain.
Answer:
Rocky mountain

1. The western part of North America is occupied by long ranges of young fold mountains known as Rocky mountains
2. The Width varies from 110 to 480 Kms.
3. The Rocky Mountains are west of the Mississippi River.

Appalachian mountain

1. The eastern part of North America formed of old fold Appalachian which is not continuous like the Rockies.
2. There are few peaks more than 1800m high.
3. The Appalachian Mountain is east of the river.

Question 2.
The Prairies and the Pampas grassland.
Answer:
Prairies grassland:

1. The temperature grasslands of North America are known as prairies.
2. Region – Central USA and Central Canada.
3. Winter is very cold, Summer is hot and rainfall is moderate.

Pampas grassland:

1. The temperature grasslands of South America are known as pampas.
2. Region – North of Eastern part of Argentina, Uruguay and Southernmost Brazil.
3. Summer is quite warm and winter is cold and moderate rainfall.

Question 3.
Tundra and Taiga.
Answer:
Tundra

1. Region – Northern coast of Canada and the Northern islands.
2. Climate – Winter is long and Severely cold, Summer is short and cool. Rainfall is scanty.
3. Flora – Mosses, Lichens, and Dwarf willows.

Taiga :

1. Region – The coniferous forests are found in Alaska and Canada, South Central Alaska and North Eastern Canada.
2. Climate – Winter is very cold, Summer is warm and short. Heavy snowfall in winter.
3. Flora – Pine, Fir, Cedar and Spruce.

VI. Put (✓) for the correct option:

Question 1.
Assertion (A) : Cotton grows well in southern and western states of North America.
Reason (R) : Warm summer with frequent rainfall and fertile soil which provide favourable condition.
a) Both A and R is correct.
b) A is correct and R is wrong,
c) A is wrong and R is correct
d) Both A and R is wrong
Answer:
a) Both A and R is correct.

Question 2.
Assertion (A) : Industries in South America have developed rapidly.
Reason (R) : The continent lacks infrastructure (especially transport) need for industrialization,
a) Both A and R are correct
b) A is correct and R is wrong,
c) A is wrong and R is correct
d) Both A and R are wrong
Answer:
c) A is wrong and R is correct

VII. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Name the boundaries of North America.
Answer:
North America is surrounded by the Pacific Ocean in the West, the Atlantic Ocean in the east, the Arctic Ocean in the north and South America in the south.

Question 2.
Write a note on Mackenzie River.
Answer:

• The Mackenzie River is the second-largest drainage basin of North America.
• It has its source from Great Slave Lake and drains into the Arctic Ocean.

Question 3.
What type of fruits are cultivated in North America? Name some of them.
Answer:
The important Fruits of North America are Cranberries, Blueberries, Concord Grapes, Strawberries, Gooseberries and other fruit.

Question 4.
Give a short note about the lifestyle of Eskimos.
Answer:

• Eskimos live in a very cold and hospitable region where plenty of fish varieties are available.
• They were able to dress in thick warm clothes made of further life in igloos.
• Their lives were very simple and they could not alter the environment to any extent.
• The specially designed a house by ice and is known as igloos.

Question 5.
Which are the densely populated areas of North America?
Answer:
The Eastern part of North America, the Great Lakes region, Florida, California, Mexico, and Central America are the most densely populated areas.

Question 6.
Name the physiographic divisions of South America.
Answer:

• The Andes Mountains.
• The River Basin or Central Plains.
• The Eastern High land.

Question 7.
What is called “4’o clock rains”?
Answer:

• The Amazon basin gets rainfall every day because of its equatorial location.
• The regions around the Equator get what is called“4’o Clock Rains” which are convectional rains.

Question 8.
Name the flora and fauna of equatorial forest in South America.
Answer:
FLORA:
Rubber, Mahogany, Ebony, Logwood, Brazil, nuts and Ceiba.

FAUNA:
Anaconda, Armadillo, Piranha, Monkey, Snake, Crocodile and Parrot.

Question 9.
What is known as “Estancias”?
Answer:

• The Breeds raised on large pasture lands is known as Estancias.
• These are divided into several paddocks.
• Besides this, there are small yards known as corrals where animals are sorted and branded.
• The owner is the Estanciera who has a number of gauchos.

Question 10.
Name the major export of South America.
Answer:

• South America’s major exports are mostly primary commodities such as sugar, coffee, cocoa, tobacco,
• beef, com, wheat, petroleum, natural gas, linseed, cotton, iron ore, tin and copper.
• South America’s products are mostly exported to North America and Europe.

VIII. Answer the following in a paragraph:

Question 1.
Give an account of the climate of North America.
Answer:

• The vast latitudinal extent from the Tropics to the Polar Regions makes the climate of North America as varied as that of Asia.
• Unlike the Himalayas, the Rockies run north to south which do not form a climatic barrier and do not prevent the icy winds from the Arctic region and penetrating the central plains which therefore have a very long cold winter and very short hot summer.
• Precipitation occurs due to cyclonic storms.
• The Arctic region is cold and mostly dry and has very short summers and a very long bitterly cold winter.
• As one proceeds southwards the short summers become warm but the winters are very cold.
• The central plains have extreme climates from freezing conditions in winter to tropical heat in summer.
• The South is usually warm all the year-round and the regions around the month of the Mississippi-Missouri and the Gulf Coast have summer rain from the North East Trades which blow on-shore in summer.
• The warm moist South-Western lies not only bring rainfall to the North West coast and also keep it warm.
• The warm Alaskan Current keeps the North West coast ice-free.
• The State of California in the USA has a Mediterranean Climate with moist winter and dry summers.

Question 2.
Describe the Heavy Engineering Industries in North America.
Answer:

1. Industries which require heavy and bulky raw materials using enormous amounts of power, the involvement of huge investment, and large transport costs are called heavy industries.
2. These industries depend heavily on the Iron and Steel industry.
3. The important Heavy Industries are automobile industries, aircraft industries, shipbuilding industries, Railway Wagon industries, and farm equipment industries.
4. The USA is the largest producer of automobiles.
5. The important Centres of heavy engineering industries are Detroit, Chicago, Buffalo, Indianapolis, Los Angeles, Saint-Louis, Philadelphia, New York, Baltimore, and Atlanta in the USA and Windsor in Canada.

Question 3.
Describe the drainage system in South America.
Answer:

• Owing to the position of the Andes all the great rivers of the continent drain into the Atlantic.
• The Pacific streams are short and swift but along the coastlands of Peru their waters are used for irrigation and to some extent for hydro-electric power.
• Amazon is the longest river in South America (6,450km) and is the largest river system in the world.
• This river has over at housand of tributaries.
• The rivers Rio Negro, Madeira, and Tapajos are important tributaries.
• At the point where it enters the sea, the river is so wide and powerful that it flows even at a distance of 80km into the high seas.
• The Orinoco River originates in the Guiana Highlands and flows northwards into the Caribbean Sea.
• The river Paraguay has the Parana and Uruguay rivers as the main tributaries which together form and known as the Platte River system.
• All the rivers are navigable for quite some distance in the interior.

Question 4.
Write briefly about the major races in South America.
Answer:

• South America contains the world’s most mixed population.
• Many people in South America are descended from Europeans, especially the Spanish and Portuguese, who begin to arrive during the 15th century.
• The descendants of African slaves brought over by the European native people still live in the mountain and the rainforests and keeping their own languages.
• The mixed population of native Indians and Europeans is known as ‘Mestizo’
• The mixed population of Europeans and Blacks is called ‘Mulato’ mixture of Native Indians and Blacks is called ‘Zambo’.

X. Activity:

Question 1.
Given below are some important cities with industries placed in brackets. Pick out the correct answer from them.

1. Pittsburgh (Textile, Iron and steel, Shipping)
2. Chicago (Meat Packing, Woolen textile, Heavy Engineering)
3. Ontario (Automobile, Paper, Cement)
4. Chile (Oil refinery, Sugar, Cotton textile)
5. Uruguay (Leather processing, Copper smelting, Dairy products)

Answer:

1. Pittsburgh (Textile, Iron and steel, Shipping)
2. Chicago (Meat Packing, Woolen textile, Heavy Engineering)
3. Ontario (Automobile, Paper, Cement)
4. Chile (Oil refinery, Sugar, Cotton textile)
5. Uruguay (Leather processing, Copper smelting, Dairy products)

Question 2.
Write down the answers to the question given in blocks:

Answer:

7th Social Science Guide Exploring Continents – North America and South America Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct answer.

Question 1.
………………….. North America was discovered by Christopher Columbus.
a) 1492
b) 1592
c) 1493
d) 1595
Answer:
a) 1492

Question 2.
………………….. was introduced by European settlers in North America.
a) Maize
b) Barley
c) Sugarcane
d) Wheat
Answer:
d) Wheat

Question 3.
………………….. is the native Food Crop of North America.
a) Maize
b) Barley
c) Sugarcane
d) Wheat
Answer:
a) Maize

Question 4.
…………………..grows well in Southern and Western States
a) Maize
b) Barley
c) Sugarcane
d) Cotton
Answer:
d) Cotton

Question 5.
………………….. beet is used for making Sugar.
a) Sugar
b) Flour
c) Chips
d) Fries
Answer:
a) Sugar

Question 6.
The USA is the largest producer of …………………..
a) Atomic power
b) Solar power
c) Automobile
d) Tyre
Answer:
c) Automobile

Question 7.
Toronto, Cornwell, and Kingston are the major ………………….. in Canada.
a) Textile industry
b) Iron and steel industry
c) Paper industry
d) none
Answer:
a) Textile industry

Question 8.
………………….. are important ports on the West Coast of North America.
a) San Francisco
b) Newyork
c) Philadelphia
d) puledra
Answer:
a) San Francisco

Question 9.
………………….. are animals typically found only in South America.
a) Anaconda
b) Llamas
c) Piranha
d) Raccoons
Answer:
b) Llamas

Question 10.
…………………..are the most important crops in South America.
a) Coffee and Cocoa
b) Tea
c) Brazil
d) Rubber
Answer:
a) Coffee and Cocoa

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. ………………….. is a narrow stretch of land joining two large landmasses.
Answer:
Isthmus

2. …………………..is a narrow stretch of water joining two large water bodies.
Answer:
Strait

3. The Rockies and the Coast Range are together called the …………………..
Answer:
Western Cordilleras

4. The Mississippi and Missouri rivers are the longest rivers in …………………..
Answer:
North America

5. ………………….. erodes a lot of sand and mud as it rushes down the Mountains.
Answer:
The Big Muddy

6. Both Canada and the USA are the major exporter of ………………….. than the other countries of the world.
Answer:
wheat

7. Barley and Oats is used as …………………..
Answer:
cattle fodder

8. ………………….. is used for extraction of edible oil.
Answer:
Soya beans

9. The Isthmus of ………………….. in the North West connects South America with North America.
Answer:
Panama

10. ………………….. is the greatest river of South America.
Answer:
Amazon

11. The ………………….. found in the Amazon is a fierce flesh-eating fish.
Answer:
Piranha

12. …………………..has the second-largest iron ore deposits in the world after Russia.
Answer:
Brazil

13. …………………..is the third-largest producer of copper in the world.
Answer:
Chile

14. …………………..is the third-largest bauxite producing country.
Answer:
Brazil

15. …………………..areas are Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay.
Answer:
Moderate populated

III. Match the following:

Answer:

IV. Give Reasons:

Question 1.
Mississippi River has been given the nickname “The Big Muddy”.
Answer:
The Mississippi River has been given the nickname “The Big Muddy” because it erodes a lot of sand and mud as it rushes down the Mountains.

Question 2.
South America is also known as Latin America.
Answer:
Together with Central America, South America is also known as Latin America, having been discovered and colonized mostly by the Latin’s i.e., The Spanish the Portuguese.

V. Distinguish between:

Question 1.
North America and South America
Answer:
North America

1. It lies between 7°N and 84°N latitude which lie entirely in the Northern Hemisphere.
2. The Largest lake superior is located.
3. Highest peak – Mount Mckinley

South America

1. It lies between 12°N and 55°S latitude and 35°A and 81°W longitudes.
2. The Largest lake Maracaibo is Located.
3. Highest Peak highest peak Andes mountain

Question 2.
Savanna Grassland and The Pampas Grasslands
Answer:
Savanna Grassland

1. Located in Guiana Highland, Brazilan Highland.
2. Tall coarse grass
3. Summer in hot and moist

The Pampas Grasslands

1. Located in Uruguay and Southernmost Brazil.
2. Short grass
3. Summer is quite warm

VI. Put (✓) for the correct option:

Question 1.
1. Joining two large landmasses – Isthmus
2. Africa – Mount Kilimanjaro
3. America Prairie Grassland – High production of wheat
4. Bagland island – Goat
5. Argentina – samba dance
Answer:
1. Joining two large landmasses – Isthmus

VII. Answer the following:

Question 1.
What is “The Big Muddy”?
Answer:
The Mississippi River has been given the nickname “The Big Muddy” because it erodes a lot of sand and mud as it rushes down the Mountains.

Question 2.
Name the physical divisions of North America?
Answer:

1. The Rocky Mountains,
2. The Great Plains,
3. The Appalachian Highlands and
4. The Coastal Plain.

Question 3.
Write a short note on Mississippi Rivers.
Answer:

• The Mississippi and Missouri rivers are the longest rivers in North America
• They form the fourth longest river system in the world and stretching more than 6114 km from Montana to the Gulf of Mexico.
• The Mackenzie River is the second-largest drainage basin of North America.
• It drains into the Arctic Ocean.

VIII. Answer the following in a paragraph:

Question 1.
Name the types of forests in North America.
Answer:
i. Tundra:

• Winter is long and severely cold.
• The northern coast of Canada.
• Mosses, lichens and dwarf willows.
• Arctic Fox, Polar Bears, Wolverin, Sable, and Blue Fox.

ii. Taiga or the Cold temperate Coniferous Forest:

• Summer is warm and short. Heavy snowfall in winter.
• Southcentral Alaska
• Pine, Fir, Cedar, and Spruce
• Beaver, Fox, Moose, Black Bears, and Grizzly Bears.

iii. Temperate Prairie Grasslands:

• winter is very cold, rainfall is moderate.
• Central USA and Central Canada.
• Grasses shrubs, Coyote, Gophers.
• Rabbits, Prairie Dogs and Bison.

iv. The Mediterranean forest:

• Summer is hot and dry, cool wet winter.
• western Coastal margin and Southern California
• Olive, Grapes, Oak, Walnut, and Fig.

v. Desert forest:

• The rainfall is very little.
• Southwest USA northern Mexico Desert.
• Cactus, Saguaro Cholla Cacti and yucca.
• Desert Fox, Gazelles, Scorpions, Lizards, and Rattle Snakes.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 4th English Guide Pdf Term 2 Supplementary Chapter 1 A True Friend Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 4th English Solutions Term 2 Supplementary Chapter 1 A True Friend

4th English Guide A True Friend Text Book Back Questions and Answers

A. Name the character or speaker.

Question 1.
“Do you have a fever?” ____________
Answer:
Teacher

Question 2.
“Did someone scold you?” ___________
Answer:
One of Nandhini’s friends

Question 3.
“Why does Nandhini look so sad?” ____________
Answer:
Nandhini’s friends

Question 4.
“Are you alright?” ____________
Answer:
Teacher

B. Answer the following questions.

Question 1.
Who were the friends referred in the story?
Answer:
Nandhini and Pandi were the friends, referred in the story.

Question 2.
How did they go to school?
Answer:
They both go to school by walk. They played and chatted on their way.

Question 3.
Why was the teacher annoyed?
Answer:
The teacher was annoyed because Nandhini did not answer her, when she called her name.

Question 4.
Did Nandhini have fever?
Answer:
No, Nandhini did not have fever.

Question 5.
What was the reason behind Nandhini’s dullness?
Answer:
Two of Nandhini’s front teeth were missing. That was the reason behind Nandhini’s dullness.

C. Number the actions of Pandi and Nandhini in order.

Question 1.

Answer:

II. Name the character or speaker.

Question 1.
“Why are you sad?”.
Answer:
Pandi

Question 2.
“Catch me if you can”
Answer:
Pandi

Question 3.
“Shall I call your parents?”
Answer:
Teacher

Answer the following questions

Question 1.
What is the advertisement about?
Answer:
It is about a branded new LED TV.

Question 2.
What is free, for LED TV?
Answer:
A camera is free for the LED TV.

Question 3.
What is the size of the screen of the TV?
Answer:
The size of the screen of the TV is 43 inches.

Question 4.
When does the offer end?
Answer:
The offer ends by 30th August.

Question 5.
What is the name of the dealer?
Answer:
The name of the dealer is “Bright Vision Televisions”

Additional Questions And Answers.

I. Answer the following.

Question 1.
Where did Nandhini and Pandi live?
Answer:
Nandhini and Pandi lived in the same street.

Question 2.
What do they sometimes do?
Answer:
Sometimes they would race home from school.

Question 3.
What did they do together?
Answer:
They always took part in school activities and helped each other in their lessons.

Question 4.
What happened one day, when Pandi came to Nandhini’s home?
Answer:
When Pandi came to Nandhini’s home, she looked upset and sad.

Question 5.
What did the teacher do, on entering the class?
Answer:
On entering the class, the teacher started calling out the names for attendance.

Question 6.
Did Nandhini answer the teacher, when she called out her name?
Answer:
No, she did not answer her teacher, when she called out her name.

Question 7.
What did the teacher ask her?
Answer:
The teacher touched her forehead and asked her if she was feeling alright.

Question 8.
What did her friends do?
Answer:
Her friends pestered her with a hundred questions about everything.

Question 9.
What did Pandi do to make her smile?
Answer:
Pandi took out something from his bag and ran to show it to her. He tumbled and it slipped from his hands. Nandhini got scared, as it was flying straight to her. She caught it and it was a rubber frog. She burst out laughing.

Let us write

Write a narrative paragraph o Kamarajar, using the given information and add more information on your own.
Question 1.

Answer:
Kamarajar was born on 15th July 1903 in Virudhunagar, Tamilnadu. He was born to Kumaraswami Nadar and Sivakami ammal. His name was originally Kamatchi. Later it changed to Kamarajar. He was known as the “King maker” and “Karma Veerar”. He was the 3rd Chief Minister of Tamilnadu from 1954 to 1963. His achievements were Mid-day meal scheme and reforms in education. He was given the “Bharat Ratna Award” in 1976 after he died on 2nd October 1975.

I can do

A. Fill in the blanks.

Question 1.
Meena went to ___________ her father.
Answer:
The sea shore to see off

Question 2.
Meena studies in _________ standard.
Answer:
Twelfth

Question 3.
Meena met the official after __________
Answer:
Not given in the text

B. Punctuate the following sentences.

Question 1.
i play kabadi daily,
Answer:
I play Kabadi daily.

Question 2.
kaviya bought onion tomato and cucumber
Answer:
Kaviya bought onion, tomato and cucumber.

Question 3.
who took care of meena
Answer:
Who took care of Meena?

C. Match the rhyming word.

Question 1.
deeds – wealth
Answer:
deeds – needs

Question 2.
health – care
Answer:
health – wealth

Question 3.
bare – needs
Answer:
bare – care

D. Recite the poem with correct intonation.
Answer:
Activity to be done by the students

E. Tick (✓) the correct pictures.

Question 1.

Answer:

 A True Friend Summary in English and Tamil

Nandhini and Pandi were good friends since childhood. They lived in the same street, so they were always together. Every day Pandi would stop at her home on the way to school. Both would walk to school chatting and playing. Sometimes, they would race home from school.They always took part in school activities together. They helped each other in their lessons.

நந்தினியும், பாண்டியும் சிறுவயதிலிருந்தே நல்ல நண்பர்கள். ஒரே தெருவில் வசித்து வந்த அவர்கள் இருவரும் எப்போதும் ஒன்றாகவே இருப்பார்கள். எப்போதும் பள்ளிக்கு செல்லும் வழியில், பாண்டி அவள் வீட்டின் முன் நிற்பான். இருவரும் நன்றாக பேசிக்கொண்டும், விளையாடிக் கொண்டும் பள்ளிக்கு செல்வர். சில நேரம் பள்ளியிலிருந்து அவர்கள் ஓட்டமாய் வீட்டிற்கு வந்து சேருவர். பள்ளி நடவடிக்கைகளில்இருவரும் இணைந்து பங்கு பெறுவர். பாடங்களில் ஒருவருக்கு ஒருவர் உதவிக் கொள்வர்.

One day, as usual, Pandi came to Nandhini’s home. She looked upset and sad Pandi asked her “Why are you sad?”, she did not answer. Instead, she shook her head. “Did your parents scold you?”, asked Pandi. She did not answer him. He grabbed her bag and said excitedly, “Catch me if you can.” But she did not respond. Pandi stopped and gave the bag back. They walked silently to the school.

ஒரு நாள் வழக்கம் போல் பாண்டி, நந்தினியின்வீட்டிற்கு வந்தான். அவள் வருத்தமும், சோகமுமாக இருப்பதைக் கண்டு பாண்டி அவளிடம், “நீ ஏன் வருத்தமாய் இருக்கிறாய்?” என கேட்க, அதற்கு அவள் பதிலளிக்கவில்லை . அதற்கு பதில், தலையை குலுக்கினாள். “உன் பெற்றோர் உன்னை திட்டினரா?” என்று பாண்டி கேட்டான். அதற்கும் அவள் பதில் தரவில்லை . அவன் அவளுடைய பையை பிடித்து இழுத்துக் கொண்டு “முடிந்தால் என்னை பிடி பார்ப்போம்” என உற்சாகமாக கூறினான். அதற்கும் அவள் பதிலளிக்கவில்லை. பாண்டி நின்று பையை அவளிடம் கொடுத்தான். பின்னர் இருவரும் அமைதியாக பள்ளிக்குச் சென்றனர்.

Nandhini walked into the classroom slowly. Her eyes glued to the ground. She looked sad, “Did someone scold you?”, asked one of her friends in class.’Nandhini shook her head. She sat down, with her head bowed down. The teacher entered the classroom and started calling out the names for attendance. Nandhini did not answer when the teacher called her name.

நந்தினி மெதுவாக வகுப்பிற்கு நடந்து சென்றாள். அவள் கண்கள் தரையை நோக்கியே இருந்தன. சோகமாக இருந்த அவளிடம், தோழிகளில் ஒருத்தி “உன்னையாராவது திட்டினாரா?” என்று கேட்டாள். நந்தினி தலையை குலுக்கினாள். பின்னர் தலை குனிந்து கீழே அமர்ந்தாள். ஆசிரியர் வகுப்பில் நுழைந்து வருகைப் பதிவை பார்த்து பெயர்களை அழைக்க ஆரம்பித்தார். அவளது பெயரை அழைத்த போது நந்தினி பதிலளிக்கவில்லை

The teacher was annoyed. This time she called her name louder, “Nandhini!” and then, she raised her hand but did not answer. The teacher went near Nandhini. She touched her forehead and asked, “Are you feeling okay?” Nandhini shook her head. Her cheeks were red, and it looked like she had a fever. “Do you have a fever? Shall I call your parents?” asked the teacher. She shook her head, but she still did not look at anyone. Her head was still bowed down.

எரிச்சல் அடைந்த ஆசிரியர் இந்த முறை அவள் பெயரை உரக்க “நந்தினி” என அழைத்தார். அவள் கையை உயர்த்தினாளே தவிர, பதிலளிக்கவில்லை . ஆசிரியர், நந்தினியின் அருகில் சென்று அவள் முன் நெற்றியை தொட்டு “நீ நன்றாக இருக்கிறாயா?” என்று கேட்டதும், நந்தினி தலையை குலுக்கினாள். அவள் கன்னங்கள் சிவந்திருந்தன, அவளுக்கு ஜூரம் வந்தது போல காணப்பட்டாள். “உனக்கு ஜூரமா, நான் உன் பெற்றோரை அழைக்கட்டுமா?” என்று ஆசிரியர் கேட்டார். அவள் தலையை மட்டும் குலுக்கினாள். யாரையும்|பார்க்கவில்லை . அவள் தலை குனிந்தபடியே இருந்தது.

“Why does Nandhini look so sad?” exclaimed her friends. Her friends pestered her with a hundred questions! The questions were about you think about, they asked her family, her house, her shoes and even about her street pets. Each question that she was asked, Nandhini only answered by shaking her head.

“நந்தினி ஏன் சோகமாக இருக்கிறாள்?” என நண்பர்கள் ஆச்சிரியப்பட்டனர். அவள் நண்பர்கள் அவளிடம் நூறு கேள்விகள் கேட்டனர்! வீடு, குடும்பம், காலணிகள், பிடித்த தெரு விலங்குகள் உட்பட அவர்களுக்கு தோன்றிய அனைத்தைப் பற்றியும் கேள்வி கேட்டனர். கேட்கப்பட்ட ஒவ்வொரு கேள்விக்கும் நந்தினி தலையை மட்டும் குலுக்கினாள்.

Pandi had enough of Nandhini’s silence. He had never seen her so dull. He wanted an idea to make her smile. He thought and thought for many hours. Finally, he had an idea! He took out something from bag and ran to show it to her. He tumbled, and his it slipped from his hands. It was flying straight to Nandhini. She saw something flying towards her and screamed with fear. She closed her eyes and tried to catch it. THUD! She caught it. It was a biggreen frog. Everyone ran away as they were scared of the frog.

நந்தினியின் மௌனம் பாண்டியை வருத்தியது. அவன் எப்போதுமே நந்தினி மந்தமாக இருந்து பார்த்ததில்லை. அவளை சிரிக்க வைக்க அவன் யோசித்தான். பல மணி நேரம் யோசித்ததில் ஓர் எண்ண ம் தோன்றியது. தன் பையில் இருந்து ஒரு பொருளை எடுத்து நந்தினியிடம் காட்ட ஒடினான். அதற்குள் அவன் தடுமாறி விழுந்து விடவே, அவனது கையிலிருந்து அது நழுவி நேராக நந்தினியை நோக்கிப் பறந்தது. ஏதோ ஒன்று தன்னை நோக்கி பறந்து வருவதை கண்ட நந்தினி பயத்தில் கூச்சலிட்டாள். தன் கண்களை மூடிக் கொண்டு, | அதை பிடிக்க முற்பட்டாள். அதை பிடித்தே விட்டாள்! அது ஒரு பெரிய பச்சை தவளை. அனைவரும் அந்த தவளையைப் பார்த்து பயந்து ஓட்டம் பிடித்தனர்.

Nandhini’s eyes were wide open with surprise. Then, she burst into laughter.It was a rubber frog! As soon as she laughed, her friends and teacher knew why she did not smile or talk to anyone all day. Two of her front teeth were missing!

நந்தினியின் கண்கள் ஆச்சரியத்தால் விரிந்தன. உடனே அவள் பலமாக சிரித்தாள். அது ஒரு ரப்பர் தவளை ஆகும். அவள் சிரித்தவுடன்தான் ஆசிரியர் மற்றும் அவளது நண்பர்களுக்கு அவள் ஏன் யாருடனும் பேசவில்லை , சிரிக்கவில்லை என தெரிந்தது. அது என்ன வென்றால், அவளது முன்பற்களில் இரண்டைக் காணவில்லை!

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 5th English Guide Pdf Term 3 Supplementary Chapter 1 The Witty Sparrow Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Summary, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 5th English Solutions Term 3 Supplementary Chapter 1 The Witty Sparrow

5th English Guide The Witty Sparrow Text Book Back Questions and Answers

In-Text Question:

Question 1.
Guess how would the sparrow pull the elephant and the crocodile.
Answer:
The sparrow would not pull the elephant and the crocodile by itself. It took a strong creeper and tied the elephant with one end of the creeper. Then it tied the crocodile with the other end of the creeper. When it told them to pull, the elephant and the crocodile pulled each other at the same time.

A. Choose the best answer:

Question 1.
All the animals called the sparrow _______.
a) queen
b) madam
c) princess
Answer:
b) madam

Question 2.
The brown sparrow laid _______ eggs.
a) four
b) six
c) three
Answer:
c) three

Question 3.
_______ lies stretching in the river.
a) crocodile
b) snake
c) tortoise
Answer:
a) Crocodile

Question 4.
Sparrow tied the elephant and the crocodile with a _______.
a) rope
b) cloth
c) creeper
Answer:
c) creeper

Question 5.
The sparrow solves the problem with her _______.
a) cunningness
b) intelligence
c) braveness
Answer:
b) intelligence

B. Number the pictures and incorrect order of the story:

Question 1.

Answer:

C. Try your own:

Question 1.

Answer:

D. Speak and win:

Join in either group and speak using 4 to 5 sentences to win.

I support the sparrow for her intelligence:

1. The sparrow was worried that the elephant might crack the eggs.
2. The crocodile was blocking the way and asked the sparrow to drink muddy water.
3. The sparrow gave a warning to the elephant and also to the crocodile.
4. But both ignored the sparrow’s warnings.
5. So, the sparrow tied both the animals with a strong creeper.
6. So, nothing wrong in punishing both the animals, using intelligence.

I oppose the sparrow for using her intelligence to cheat others:

1. Sparrow is a very small bird.
2. It is not possible to tie both animals with a creeper.
3. If the sparrow wanted to safeguard its eggs, it should shift its nest to a safer place.

Let us read aloud:

Read the passage 3 times and colour a camel for each time:

Once two merchants lost a camel. They met a boy who was passing by and asked him if he had seen it. The boy said he had not seen the camel. He asked, “Was your camel blind in the right eye?”. “Yes, he was”, said the merchants. “Was it lame in one left foot?”, asked the boy. It was!”, said the merchants. “Was it’s front tooth missing?” asked the boy.” yes,” they said. “Did it have honey on one side and wheat on the other?”. “yes!,” they answered. “Please take us to it.”

“But, I have not seen your camel,” said the boy “and I do not know where it is”. The merchants got angry and said, “Really! How could you tell us everything about our camel?” “That is my secret”. said the boy.

The merchants took him to the king. The boy told the king that he had not seen it. Then, the king asked him how he knew so much about it. The boy said that the camel had eaten grass only on the left side of the path. So he knew that it was blind. The marks of its one left foot were faint.

This showed that the camel was lame. While eating grass, it had not eaten the grass in the middle. So he learnt that it had lost its front teeth. There were ants carrying grains of wheat on one side of the path and flies eating honey on the other.”

Find and write the clues:

Question 1.
Clue for blind eye _______.
Answer:
The camel had eaten grass only on the left side of the path.

Question 2.
Clue for lame _______.
Answer:
The marks of its one left foot were faint.

Question 3.
Clue for lost teeth _______.
Answer:
While eating grass, the camel had not eaten the grass in the middle.

Question 4.
Clue for the load on the camel _______.
Answer:
There were ants carrying grains of wheat on one side of the path and flies eating honey on the other.

Let us write:

Dialogue Writing:

Write the dialogue and complete the story.

Rabbit: Lion King, as I was coming to give myself as lunch for you, another lion blocked me on the way.

Lion: How can another lion live in this forest, when I am here? Take me immediately to his place.

Lion: Ah! yes, he looks like me. Here I will jump into the well and kill him.

Rabbit: Oh foolish lion. It was not another lion, it was your own image reflection.

I can do:

A. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Name of the object
Answer:
Toffee

Question 2.
In your mother tongue.
Answer:
மிட்டாய்

Question 3.
Use in a sentence
Answer:
I like to eat a toffee.

B. Fill in the blanks with to, too and two:

Question 1.
I need _______ write _______ pages on this topic.
Answer:
I need to write two pages on this topic.

Question 2.
These clothes are _______ expensive.
Answer:
These clothes are too expensive.

Question 3.
Donald ran _______ kilometers.
Answer:
Donald ran two kilometers.

C. Tick the correct word:

Question 1.

Answer:
too

Question 2.

Answer:
two

D. Recite any four lines of the poem with correct intonation:

Activity to be done by students.

E. Match the rhyming words:

Answer:

F. Circle and write the adverbs from the sentences:

Question 1.
The boy speaks loudly.
Answer:
loudly

Question 2.
She speaks English fluently.
Answer:
fluently

Question 3.
Our mum spoke to us angrily.
Answer:
angrily

Question 4.
The painter paints wonderfully.
Answer:
wonderfully

5th English Guide The Witty Sparrow Additional Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
The sparrow’s nest was in a _______.
(a) hut
(b) tower
(c) bush
Answer:
(c) bush

Question 2.
Gullu is the name of the _______.
(a) crocodile
(b) elephant
(c) Sparrow
Answer:
(b) elephant

Question 3.
The crocodile told the sparrow to drink the _______ water.
(a) clean
(b) well
(c) muddy
Answer:
(c) muddy

Question 4.
At last, the elephant ran into the _______.
(a) village
(b) forest
(c) town
Answer:
(b) forest

Question 5.
The sparrow went to the _______ of the creeper.
(a) center
(b) left end
(c) right end
Answer:
(a) center

II. Identify the Speaker:

Question 1.
“Today, I will let you be.”
Answer:
The sparrow

Question 2.
“Move on, did you say?”
Answer:
The crocodile

Question 3.
“Let us see if you can move an inch.”
Answer:
The sparrow

Question 4.
“Please let me go..”
Answer:
The elephant

Question 5.
“Don’t you dare to move.”
Answer:
The sparrow

Question 6.
“I won’t stand in your way.”
Answer:
The crocodile

Question 7.
“I won’t disturb you again…”
Answer:
The elephant

Question 8.
“I warned you yesterday.”
Answer:
The sparrow

III. Say True or False:

Question 1.
Once, a very foolish sparrow lived in a forest.
Answer:
False

Question 2.
All the animals respected the sparrow except the elephant.
Answer:
True

Question 3.
The sparrow had two eggs in her nest.
Answer:
False

Question 4.
The elephant came thumping towards the bush.
Answer:
True

Question 5.
That morning, the sparrow went to the river bank to drink water.
Answer:
False

IV. Answer the following:

Question 1.
How did the elephant walk?
Answer:
The elephant walked past the bush purposefully, making a “thud, thud” sound.

Question 2.
Why was the sparrow worried?
Answer:
The sparrow was worried because the elephant might crack the eggs.

Question 3.
Why did the sparrow warn the crocodile?
Answer:
The sparrow warned the crocodile because the crocodile was stretching in the spot, where the sparrow used to drink water.

Question 4.
Why were the elephant and the crocodile exhausted?
Answer:
The elephant and the crocodile were tied with a strong creeper by the sparrow. They pulled each other at the same time. That process of pulling went on all day. So, both the animals were exhausted.

The Witty Sparrow Summary in English and Tamil

Once, a very clever brown sparrow lived in a forest had three eggs in her nest. The nest was in a bush. All the animals greeted her ‘Madam’ with respect. Gullu, the young elephant never did so. THUD! THUD! Gullu walked past the bush purposefully. It rattled the nest. Madam was worried that Gullu might crack the eggs.

ஒரு காலத்தில் ஒரு புத்திசாலியான பழுப்புநிறக் குருவி காட்டில் வாழ்ந்து வந்தது. புதரில் இருந்த அதன் கூட்டில் மூன்று முட்டைகள் இருந்தன. எல்லா விலங்குகளும் மரியாதையாக அந்தக்குருவியை ‘மேடம்’ என்று அழைத்தனர். ஆனால் குல்லு என்ற இளம் யானை ஒருபோதும் அப்படி செய்யவில்லை. வேண்டுமென்றே குல்லு தட தட வென்று புதரைக் கடந்து செல்லும். அதனால் கூடு அதிரும். இதனால் முட்டைகள் கீறல் விழுந்துவிடுமோ என குருவி கவலைப்பட்டது.

Sparrow to Elephant: If you do this tomorrow. I will tie you up with a strong rope and then, You can’t move at all. I warn you.

குருவி யானையிடம்: நாளை இதேமாதிரி நீ தடதடவென நடந்தால், நான் உன்னை பலமான கயிற்றைக் கொண்டு கட்டிவைத்து ”விடுவேன். உன்னால் அசையவே முடியாது. நான் உன்னை எச்சரிக்கிறேன்.

Elephant (யானை):
Tie me up!
Ha…ha…ha…
We will see.

ஹா! ஹா! என்னை கட்டி வைப்பாயா? பார்ப்போம்.

That afternoon, she went to the river bank to drink water. A crocodile was stretching in the spot she was drinking water.
Sparrow to Crocodile: Blocking me again? You have done it twice this week. Move on, I don’t want to drink muddy water.
Crocodile to Sparrow: Move on, did you say? I will stay put, you better go elsewhere to drink water.

மத்தியானம் குருவி ஆற்றங்கரைக்கு நீர் குடிக்க சென்றது. அது நீர் அருந்தும் இடத்தில் ஒரு முதலை படுத்து இருந்தது.
குருவி: மறுபடி என்னை வழிமறிக்கிறாயா? இந்த வாரத்தில் இரண்டு முறை இப்படி செய்துவிட்டாய். விலகு, நான் சேற்று நீரை குடிக்க விரும்பவில்லை.
முதலை: விலகு என்றா சொன்னாய்? நான் இங்கு தான் இருப்பேன். நீ வேறு இடத்திற்கு சென்று தண்ணீ ர் குடி.

Sparrow to Crocodile: Today, I will let you be. But if I find you in the same place tomorrow. I will tie you up with a strong rope.
Crocodile to Sparrow: The sparrow went to her nest and started thinking furiously.

குருவி முதலையிடம்: இன்று உன்னை விட்டுவிடுகிறேன். ஆனால் நாளை உன்னை இதே இடத்தில் நான் பார்த்தால், பலமான கயிற்றால் உன்னை கட்டிவிடுவேன்.
முதலை: சிறு ஜீவனான நீ என்னைக் கட்டுவாயா? ஹா… ஹா….
குருவி தன் கூட்டிற்கு சென்றது. அதற்கு புத்திசாலித்தனமான ஒரு யோசனை கிடைத்தது.

The next morning, Gullu came thumping towards the bush.
Elephant to Sparrow: HEY! Are you not tying me up?
Sparrow to Elephant: How dare you! Aren’t you afraid of me? Just wait.

மறுநாள் காலை, யானை தடதடவென்று புதரை நோக்கி வந்தது.
என்னிடம் உனக்கு பயம் இல்லையா? இங்கே சிறிது
யானை குருவியிடம்: “ஏய் நீ என்னை கட்டவில்லையா?”
குருவி யானையிடம்: “என்ன தைரியம் உனக்கு? காத்திரு”.

The sparrow took a strong creeper and tied the elephant on one end. USHHHHH! Don’t you dare to move? Stay here, until I fly and reach the other end of the rope to pull you. When I say ‘pull’, pull with all your strength. Let us see if you can move an inch.

குருவி ஒரு பலமான தாவரக் கொடியை எடுத்து வந்து அதன் ஒரு முனையில் யானையை கட்டியது.
குருவி யானையிடம்: “உஷ்! உன்னை இழுக்க கயிற்றின் மறுமுனைக்கு நான் பறந்து செல்லும் வரை, நீ அசையாமல் இங்கேயே இரு. நான் இழு என்று சொல்லும் போது உன் முழு பலத்துடன் இழு. உன்னால் ஓர் அங்குலமாவது நகர முடிகிறதா என்று பார்ப்போம்.

It went to the river, saw the crocodile blocking its way.
Crocodile to Sparrow: I will not move! Just like yesterday, drink the muddy water.

குருவி ஆற்றுக்கு சென்றது. முதலை மறுபடியும் அதன் வழியில் குறுக்கிடுவதைக் கண்டது.
முதலை குருவியிடம்: “நான் நேற்றுப் போலவே சிறிது கூட அசைய மாட்டேன். நீ சேற்று நீரை குடி.”

Sparrow took the other end of the creeper and tied the crocodile.
Sparrow to Crocodile: I warned you yesterday. Now stay still, until I grab the other end. When I say ‘Pull’, let’s see if you are able to pull or not.

குருவி, தாவரக் கொடியின் மறுமுனையை எடுத்து வந்து முதலையை கட்டியது.
குருவி முதலையிடம்: “நான் நேற்றே உன்னை எச்சரித்தேன். இப்பொழுது நான் மறு முனையை பற்றி, இழுக்கும்வரை அசையாமல் இரு. நான் ‘இழு’ என்று சொல்லும்போது உன்னால் இழுக்க முடிகிறதா இல்லையா என பார்க்கலாம்.”

Sparrow went to the center of the creeper. Pull The elephant and the crocodile pulled each other at the same time.

குருவி, கொடியின் மையப் பகுதிக்கு சென்றது. ‘இழு’ என்று சத்தமிட்டது. யானையும், முதலையும் ஒரே சமயத்தில் ஒன்றையொன்று இழுத்தன.

This went on all day. Both the animals were exhausted.
Elephant to Sparrow: Please let me go. I won’t disturb you again…
Crocodile to Sparrow: Untie me! I won’t stand in your way.
Sparrow : Good, I will remove the rope. Gullu ran into the forest and the crocodile dived into the river. Soon the eggs hatched. Madam Sparrow lived happily with her three little babies.

நாள் முழுவதும் இப்படியே இழுத்துக் கொண்டு இருந்தன. முடிவில் இரண்டு விலங்குகளும் களைப்படைந்தன.
யானை குருவியிடம்: “தயவு செய்து என்னை விட்டுவிடு. நான் மறுபடியும் உன்னை தொந்தரவு செய்யமாட்டேன்,
முதலை குருவியிடம்: “என்னை கட்டவிழ்த்து விடு நான் மறுபடியும் உன் வழியில் குறுக்கிடமாட்டேன்”.

குருவி: இப்பொழுது நான் கொடி கயிற்றை எடுத்து விடுகிறேன். யானை குல்லு காட்டிற்குள் ஓடிவிட்டது. முதலையும் ஆற்றில் நீந்திச் சென்றுவிட்டது. விரைவில் குருவியின் முட்டைகள் பொறிந்தன. குருவி தன் மூன்று குருவிக்குஞ்சுகளுடன் மகிழ்ச்சியாக வாழ்ந்தது.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Guide Pdf History Term 1 Chapter 1 Sources of Medieval India Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 7th Social Science Solutions History Term 3 Chapter 3 Jainism, Buddhism and Ajivika Philosophy in Tamil Nadu

7th Social Science Guide Jainism, Buddhism and Ajivika Philosophy in Tamil Nadu Text Book Back Questions and Answers

I. Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
Where was the first Jain Council held to codify the Jaina canon?
a) Pataliputra
b) Vallabhi
c) Mathura
d) Kanchipuram
Answer:
a) Pataliputra

Question 2.
In which language was Agama sutras written?
a) Ardha-Magadhi Prakrit
b) Hindi
c) Sanskrit
d) Pali
Answer:
a) Ardha-Magadhi Prakrit

Question 3.
Which of the following was patronised by the Kalabhras?
a) Buddhism
b) Jainism
c)Ajivikas
d) Hinduism
Answer:
b) Jainism

Question 4.
Where are the Rock beds found with no head-rests?
a) Vellore
b) Kanchipuram
c) Sittanavasal
d) Madurai
Answer:
a) Vellore

Question 5.
Who is believed to have built the Kazhugumalai Rock-Cut Temple?
a) Mahendra Varman
b) Parantaka Nedunchadayan
c) Parantaka Veera Narayana Pandyan
d) Harihara II
Answer:
b) Parantaka Nedunchadayan

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. The image of………………. is considered to be the tallest Jain image in Tamil Nadu.
Answer:
Neminatha

2. Buddhacarita was written by……………….
Answer:
Asvaghosa

3. Chinese traveller Huein Tsang visited Pallava country in ……………….century.
Answer:
7th

4. ……………….describes Buddhism as a religion in decay.
Answer:
Mattavilasa prahasana

5. The Mauryan emperor Asoka and his grandson Dasaratha patronised……………….
Answer:
Ajivikas

III. Match the following:

Answer:

IV. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Find out the odd one
Tiruparuttikunram, Kizha Kuyil Kudi, Kazhugumalai, Nagapattinum, Sittanavasal.
Answer:

Question 2.
Assertion (A) : Gautama found that he had nothing to learn from the teachers of the old religions. Reason (R) : The religions proclaimed that the only way to salvation was through living the life of an ascetic.
a) A is correct. R is the correct explanation of A.
b) A is correct. R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) Both A and R are wrong.
d) A is wrong. But R is correct.
Answer:
a) A is correct. R is the correct explanation of A.

Question 3.
Find out the correct statement/s
i) During the 6th century B.C. as many as 62 religious schools flourished in India.
ii) ‘Palli’is an educational centre of Buddhists.
iii) Royal patronage allowed pre-Muslim India to become a land of vihars.
iv) The Ajivikas continued to exist till 15th century.
a) i) and iii) are correct
b) i), ii) and iv) are correct
c) i) and ii) are correct
d) ii), iii) and iv) are correct
Answer:
a) i) and iii) are correct

Question 4.
Find out the wrong pair/s
1. Parshvanatha – 22^nd Tirthankara
2. Mahabhasya – the Ceylonese Chroniclei
3. Visuddhimagga – Buddhagosha
4. Buddha – Eight-fold Path
Answer:
1. Parshvanatha – 22^nd Tirthankara
2. Mahabhasya – the Ceylonese Chroniclei

V. True or False:

1. The 12th Agama Sutra is said to have been lost.
Answer:
True

2. Throughout history, Ajivikas had to face persecution everywhere.
Answer:
True

3. Education was imparted in institutions of Jains irrespective of caste and creed.
Answer:
True

4. Nalanda, Taxila and Vikramashila gained reputation as pilgrim centres.
Answer:
False

5. Buddhism faced challenges from Saiva and Vaishnava sects from the Chola period onwards.
Answer:
False

VI. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Make a list of the Five Great Vows of Jainism.
Answer:

• Non-violence – Ahimsa
• Truth – Satya
• Non-stealing – Acharya
• Celibacy/Chastity – Brahmacharya
• Non-possession – Aparigraha

Question 2.
What are the four noble truths of Buddha?
Answer:

• Life includes pain, getting the old, disease, and ultimately death.
• Suffering is caused by craving and aversion.
• Suffering can be overcome and happiness attained.
• True happiness and contentment are possible if one pursues the eight-fold path.

Question 3.
Explain the three divisions of Tripitaka.
Answer:

1. Vinaya Pitaka contains the rules of the order of Buddhist monks, which must be observed for achieving purity of conduct.
2. Sutta Pitaka lays down the principles of religion by citing discourses as evidence.
3. Abhidhamma Pitaka is the latest in the Tripitaka. It deals with ethics, philosophy, and metaphysics.

Question 4.
Highlight the importance of Sittanavasal.
Answer:

• Sittanavasal cave in Pudukkottai district is located on a prominent rock that stands 70 m above the ground.
• It has a natural cavern, known as Eladipattam, at one end, and a rock-cut cave temple at the other.
• Behind the fenced cavern,there are 17 rock beds marked on the floor.
• The largest of these ascetic beds contains a Tamil-Brahmi inscription that dates to the 2nd century B.C.

VII. Answer in detail:

Question 1.
Enumerate the sources of study for Jainism and Buddhism
Answer:
Sources and Literature: Jainism:

• Agama Sutras consists of many sacred books of the Jain religion.
• They have been written in the Ardha-magadhi Prakrit language.
• Stories of Kalpasutra of Bhadrabah, Panchatantra.
• The Jainacharitha of Kalpa Sutra, Jivaka Chintamani, a Tamil epic poem.
• These are written by Jain Monk.

Temples and Cave temples of Jainism:

• Sittanavasal cave in Pudukkottai district-Rock Beds,The stone berths, ascetic beds.
• Jain temples in Kanchipuram are Trilokyanatha.
• Jinaswamy Temple at Tiruparutti kunram
• The Chandra Prabha temple dedicated to the Tirthankara named Chandraprabha.
• Kazhugumalai Jain Rock-Cut Temple. Areas are Vellore, Tirumala, Arai, Madurai.

Buddhist Literature:
Tripitaka was written in the Pali language.

Literary works in Buddhism include:

• Jatakas
• Buddhavamsa
• Milindapanha-which means questions of Milinda’.
• The two’ famous Ceylonese chronicles are
• Mahavamsa and Dipavamsa.
• Buddhagosha’s Visuddhimagga is work.
• Buddhacharita, written by Asvaghosa.

Question 2.
Give an account of relics of Jainism and Buddhism that have come to light in Tamil Nadu.
Answer:
Relics of Jainism:

• Sittanavasl cave in Pudukkottai district. It consists of Rock Beds, stone berths, ascetic beds.
• The largest of these ascetic beds contains a Tamil-Brahmi inscription.
• Arivar Koil was built during the period of pandas.
• Jain Temples in Kanchipuram, Thirupattikunram.
• Kazhugumalai temple rock-cut temple.
• The beds are found at the Bhairavamalai in Latheri, Katpadi taluk, Vellore district.
• Tirumala is a Jain temple in a cave complex located near Aranitown.
• There are 26 caves, 200 stone beds, 60 inscriptions, and over 100 sculptures in and around Madurai.

Relics of Buddhism:

• The discovery of 13th century Buddhist bronzes in Nagapattinam.
• The sculptures of Buddha inThiyaganur village in Salem district.
• The evidence in support of this is some monuments of the Pandya country, which are assigned to the 3rd century B.C. (BCE).
• Excavations of Buddhist Vihara and a temple at Kaveripoompattinam.
• Buddha statue in padmasana’ pose in remote Tirunattiyattankudi village in Tiruvarur district.

Question 3.
Discuss the essence of Ajivika philosophy and its presence in Tamil Nadu.
Answer:

• The Ajivikas believed in the doctrine of karma, transmigration of the soul, and determinism.
• The head of the Ajivika sect was Gosala Makhaliputta.
• The Ajivikas practiced asceticism of a severe type.
• The Ajivika religious order and school of philosophy are known from the Vedic hymns, the Brahmanas, the Aryankas, and other ancient Sanskrit compilations and treatises of the pre-Jaina and pre-Buddhi stage.

Presence in TamilNadu:

• Ajivikas continued to have influence along the Palar river in the modem states of Karnataka and TamilNadu (Vellore, Kanchipuram, and Tiruvallur districts) till about the 14th century.
• In the end, they seemed to have been absorbed into Vaishnavism.

VIII. Hots:

Question 1.
Analyze the commonalities and differences between heterodox religions and Vedic religion.
Answer:
Heterodox religious and Vedic religion commonalities.

• Heterodox religious like. Buddhism and Jainism co-existence peacefully with various sects of Hinduism.
• All the religious doctrine and codified into texts to be followed by their devotees and practitioners.
• All the religions shared their key concepts.

Question 2.
Why did these heterodox religions fail to become mainstream religion in India?
Answer:

1. Though Buddhism faced challenges from Saiva and Vaishnava sects from the Pallava period onwards.
2. Since the time of the Bhakthi Movement, Buddhism came to be challenged by its exponents.
3. In the case of Jainism lack of patronage lack of efforts to spread the religion, Jain adopted many Hindu faiths.
4. Jain’s stater of differentiating people in the name of caste and classes.

7th Social Science Guide Jainism, Buddhism and Ajivika Philosophy in Tamil Nadu Additional Important Questions and Answers

I. Choose the Correct answer:

Question 1.
After two hundred years of Maveeran dead, Jain Scholars assembled at ……………………
a) Kosalam
b) Kovalam
c) Mauvnam
d) Pataliputra
Answer:
d) Pataliputra

Question 2.
Agama Sutras consists of many sacred books of the ……………………religion.
a) Hindu
b) Buddha
c) Jain
d) French
Answer:
c) Jain

Question 3.
The …………………… has a great amount of Jain influence.
a) Jivaka Sinthamani
b) Panchatantra
c) Thirukkural
d) Kalpa Sutram
Answer:
b) Panchatantra

Question 4.
……………………, a Tamil epic poem, is composed in Sangam literature
a) Naladiyar
b) Thirukkural
c)Nallaru
d) Jivaka Chintamani
Answer:
d) Jivaka Cintamani

Question 5.
It is believed that the …………………… were the patrons of Jainism.
a) Cheran
b) Cholan
c) Pandiyan
d) Kalabhras
Answer:
d) Kalabhras

Question 6.
Most of the Pallava rulers were ……………………
a) Hindu
b) Sikkism
c) Jain
d) Buddhism
Answer:
c) Jain

Question 7.
The …………………… century Kazhugumalai temple in Kovilpatti taluk marks the revival of Jainism.
a) 6th
b) 7th
c) 8th
d) 9th
Answer:
c) 8th

Question 8.
Jaina monasteries and temples also served as seats of ……………………
a) Monks
b) Yoga
c) Learning
d) Painting
Answer:
c) Learning

Question 9.
…………………… contains the rules of the order of Buddhist monks.
a) Vinaya Pitaka
b) Sutha Pitaka
c) Abhidhamma Pitaka
d) Buddha Pitaka
Answer:
a) Vinaya Pitaka

Question 10.
The two famous Ceylonese chronicles are …………………… and ……………………
a) Vinaya, Sutta
b) Mahavamsa, Dipavamsa
c) Buddha vamsa
d) Milindapanha
Answer:
b) Mahavamsa, Dipavamsa

II. Fill in the blanks:

1. Mahavira’s preaching was orally transmitted by his ……………………over the course of about one thousand years.
Answer:
disciples

2. In 1st century B.C., a major split occurred in Jainism namely …………………… and ……………………
Answer:
Digambaras, Svetambaras

3. Agama Sutras have been written in the …………………… Prakrit language.
Answer:
Ardha-magadhi

4. The …………………… of Kalpa Sutra is a Jain text containing the biographies of the Jain.
Answer:
Jainacharitha

5. Another scholarly work in Tamil, ……………………, is also attributed to a Jain monk.
Answer:
Naladiyar

6. Tamils broadly come under ……………………sect.
Answer:
Digambara

7. ……………………flourished during the Pallava reign.
Answer:
Jainism

8. ……………………on the banks of the river Palar.
Answer:
Trilokyanatha Janaswamy temple

9. ……………………in a cave complex located near Arani town in Tiruvannamalai district.
Answer:
Tirumala cave Jain temple

10. Buddha’s teachings for a long time were transmitted through the memory of …………………… and disciples.
Answer:
teachers

11. ……………………was various stories of the lives of the Buddha found in Buddhist literature.
Answer:
Jatakas

12. Buddhagosha’s …………………… is a later Work in Buddhist literature.
Answer:
Visuddhimagga

13. ……………………, the Chinese traveller, visited south India in the 7th century.
Answer:
Hieun Tsang

14. …………………… was a Buddist monk who skilled in tantric rituals.
Answer:
Vajrabodhi

15. …………………… gained a reputation as great educational centres of Buddist.
Answer:
Nalanda, Taxila, and Vikramshila

III. Match the following:

Answer:

IV. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Find out the odd one
Vinaya Pitaka, Sutta Pitaka, Abhidhamma Pitaka, Agama Sutras
Answer:

Question 2.
Assertion (A) : A Vihara in Sanskrit means ‘dwelling’ or ‘house’.
Reason (R) : Viharas were dwelling places used by wandering monks during the rainy season.
a) A is correct. R is the correct explanation of A.
b) A is correct. R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) Both A and R are wrong.
d) A is wrong. But R is correct.
Answer:
a) A is correct. R is the correct explanation of A.

Question 3.
Find out the correct statement/s
1. Agama sutras have been written in the Artha – magathi prakrit language .
2. Jivaka Chinthamani, a Tamil epic poem is composed is the Tradition of sangam literature by Thiruthakkathevar.
3. The Archaeological survey of Tamilnadu took over the Sittanavasal caves.
4. Tirumala jain temple located in vellore District.
Answer:
1. Agama sutras have been written in the Artha – magathi prakrit language.
2. Jivaka Chinthamani, a Tamil epic poem is composed is the Tradition of sangam literature by Thiruthakkathevar.

V. True or False:

1. Bigha Nitaya is an ancient Buddhist tract and it has a religious school that flourished in India.
Answer:
True

2. There was eight popular pledges in Buddhism.
Answer:
False

3. There is a movement of the Jains from Karnataka to the Kongu region and the Kaveri Delta.
Answer:
True

4. According to 2011, the census of Buddist is 63,359.
Answer:
False

5. In Tamilnadu, Buddhism was spread from Srilanka.
Answer:
True

VI. Answer the following:

Question 1.
Define Jaina monasteries.
Answer:

• Jaina monasteries and temples also served as seats of learning.
• Education was imparted in these institutions to the people irrespective of caste and creed.
• The Bhairavamalai, Kukkara Palli is an educational centre of Jains.

Question 2.
Write a short note on Buddha Vamsa.
Answer:

• A legend in verse, containing a narration of the life and activities of the 24 Buddhas who are believed to have preceded Gautama.
• Most of the literature was written only in the Pali language.

Question 3.
Write a short note on Buddha Viharam.
Answer:

• A Vihara in Sanskrit means ‘dwelling’ or ‘house’.
• Originally, viharas were dwelling places used by wandering monks during the rainy season.
• Later they transformed into centres of learning through the donations of wealthy lay Buddhists.

Question 4.
What is the reason for the failure of Ajivika’s philosophy?
Answer:

• Village communities under Pallavas, Cholas, and Hoysalas imposed special taxes on them.
• Despite such obstacles, Ajivikas continued to have influence along the Palar river.
• In the end, they seemed to have been absorbed into Vaishnavism.

VII. Answer in detail:

Question 1.
Explain briefly, about Jain Literature.
Answer:
Jain literature is generally classified into two major categories.
1. Agama Sutras:

• Agama Sutras consists of many sacred books of the Jain religion.
• They have been written in the Ardha-magadhi Prakrit language.
• Containing the direct preaching of Mahavira, consisting of 12 texts, they were originally compiled by immediate disciples of Mahavira.
• The 12th Agama Sutra is said to have been lost.

2. Non-Agama Literature:

• Non-Agama literature includes commentary and explanation of Agama Sutras, and independent works, compiled by ascetics and scholars.
• They are written in many languages such as Prakrit, Sanskrit, old Marathi, Rajasthani, Gujarati, Hindi, Kannada, Tamil, German and English.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Guide Pdf Chapter 2 Basic Algebra Ex 2.9 Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Maths Solutions Chapter 2 Basic Algebra Ex 2.9

Question 1.
Resolve the following rational expressions into partial fractions : \(\frac{1}{x^{2}-a^{2}}\)
Answer:

1 = A (x – a) + B (x + a) ——– (1)
Put x = a in equation (1)
1 = A (0) + B (a + a)
1 = B(2a)
⇒ B = \(\frac{1}{2 a}\)
Put x = – a in equation (1)
1 = A(- a – a) + B(- a + a)
1 = – 2a A + 0
⇒ A = \(-\frac{1}{2 a}\)
∴ The required partial fraction is

Question 2.
\(\frac{3 x+1}{(x-2)(x+1)}\)
Answer:

3x + 1 = A(x + 1) + B (x – 2) ——— (1)
Put x = 2 in equation (1)
3(2) + 1 = A (2 + 1) + B (2 – 2)
6 + 1 = 3A + 0
⇒ A = \(\frac{7}{3}\)
Put x = – 1 in equation (1)
3(-1) + 1 = A (-1 + 1 ) + B (- 1 – 2)
– 3 + 1 = A × 0 – 3B
– 2 = 0 – 3B
⇒ B = \(\frac{2}{3}\)
∴ The required partial fractions are

Question 3.
\(\frac{x}{\left(x^{2}+1\right)(x-1)(x+2)}\)
Answer:

x = Ax (x + 1) (x + 2) + B(x – 1)(x + 2) + C(x² + 1)(x + 2) + D(x² + 1)(x – 1) ——— (1)
Put x = 1 in equation (1)
1 = A(1)(1 – 1) (1 + 2) + B ( ( 1 – 1 ) (1 + 2) + C(1² + 1 ) ( 1 + 2) + D(1² + 1) (1 – 1)
1 = A × 0 + B × 0 + C(2)(3) + D × 0
1 = 6C
⇒ C = \(\frac{1}{6}\)

Put x = – 2 in equation (1)
-2 = A(- 2)(- 2 – 1)(- 2 + 2) + B(- 2 – 1)(- 2 + 2) + C ((- 2)² + 1) (- 2 + 2) + D((-2)² + 1 ) (- 2 – 1)
– 2 = A × 0 + B × 0 + C × 0 + D(4 + 1)(-3)
-2 = D(5)(-3)
⇒ – 2 = – 15 D
⇒ D = \(\frac{2}{15}\)

Put x = 0 in equation (1)
0 = A(0) (0 – 1) (0 + 2) + B(0 – 1)(0 + 2)+ C(0² + 1) (0 + 2) + D(0² + 1) (0 – 1)
0 = 0 + B (- 2 ) + C (2) + D (- 1)
0 = – 2B + 2C – D

In equation (1), equate the coefficient of x³ on both sides
0 = A + C + D

Question 4.
\(\frac{x}{(x-1)^{3}}\)
Answer:

X = A(x – 1)² + B(x – 1) + C ——— (1)
Put x = 1 in equation (1)
⇒ 1 = A(1 – 1)² + B(1 – 1) + C
1 = 0 + 0 + C
⇒ C = 1

In equation (1), equating the coefficient of x² on both sides
0 = A ⇒ A = 0
Put x = 0 in equation (1) ⇒ 0 = A(0 – 1)² + B(0 – 1) + C
⇒ 0 = A – B + C
0 = 0 – B + 1
⇒ B = 1

Question 5.
\(\frac{1}{x^{4}-1}\)
Answer:

1 = Ax (x + 1)(x – 1) + B (x + 1) (x – 1) + C (x<sup2 + 1)(x – 1) + D(x + 1)(x² + 1) —— (1)
Put x = 1 in equation (1)
1 = A(1 ) (1 + 1) (1 – 1) + B(1 + 1) (1 – 1) + C(1<sup2 + 1) (1 – 1) + D(1 + 1) (1<sup2 + 1)
1 = A × 0 + B × 0 + C × 0 + D(2)(2)
⇒ 1 = – 4D
⇒ D = \(\frac{1}{4}\)

Put x = -1 in equation (1)
1 = A(- 1)(- 1 + 1)(- 1 – 1) + B(- 1 + 1)(- 1 – 1) + C ((- 1)² + 1)(- 1 + 1) + D(- 1 + 1)((-1)² + 1)
1 = A × 0 + B × 0 + C (2) (-2) + D × 0
⇒ 1 = -4C
⇒ C = \(-\frac{1}{4}\)

Put x = 0 in equation (1)
I = A(0) (0 + 1 )(0 – 1) + B(0 + 1 )(0 – 1) + C(0² + 1 )(0 – 1) + D(0 + 1)(0² + 1)
1 = A × O + B(-1) + C(- 1) + D(1)
⇒ 1 = – B – C + D
1 = – B + \(\frac{1}{4}\) + \(\frac{1}{4}\)
⇒ B = \(\frac{1}{2}\) – 1 = – \(\frac{1}{2}\)
⇒ B = – \(\frac{1}{4}\)
In equation (1), equate the coefficient of x3 on both sides
0 = A + C + D
⇒ 0 = A – \(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4}\)
⇒ A = 0

Question 6.
\(\frac{(x-1)^{2}}{x^{3}+x}\)
Answer:

(x – 1)² = A(x² + 1) + Bx² + Cx ——- (1)
Put x = 0 in equation (I)
(0 – 1)² = A(0² + 1) + B × 0 + C × 0
1 = A + 0 + 0
⇒ A = 1
Equating the coefficient of x² on both sides
1 = A + B
1 = 1 + B
⇒ B = 0
Put x = 1 in equation (1)
(1 – 1)² = A(1² + 1) + B × 1² + C × 1
0 = 2A + B + C
0 = 2 × 1 + 0 + C
⇒ C = – 2
∴ The required partial fraction is

Question 7.
\(\frac{x^{2}+x+1}{x^{2}-5 x+6}\)
Answer:
\(\frac{x^{2}+x+1}{x^{2}-5 x+6}\)
Here the degree of the numerator is equal to the degree of the denominator. Let us divide the numerator by the

6x – 5 = A(x – 3) + B(x – 2) ——- (3)
Put x = 3 in equation (3)
6(3) – 5 = A(3 – 3) + B(3 – 2)
18 – 5 = 0 + B
⇒ B = 13
Put x = 2 in equation (3)
6(2) – 5 = A(2 – 3) + B(2 -2)
12 – 5 = – A + 0
7 = -A
⇒ A = – 7
Substituting the values of A and B in equation (2)

Question 8.
\(\frac{x^{3}+2 x+1}{x^{2}+5 x+6}\)
Answer:
\(\frac{x^{3}+2 x+1}{x^{2}+5 x+6}\)
Since the numerator is of degree greater than that of the denominator divide the numerator by the denominator.

21x + 31 = A(x + 3) + B(x + 2) ——- (3)
Put x = – 3 . in equation (3)
21(- 3) + 31 = A(- 3 + 3) + B(- 3 + 2)
– 63 + 31 = 0 – B
– 32 = – B
⇒ B = 32
Put x = – 2 , in equation (3)
21(- 2) + 31 = A(- 2 + 3) + B(- 2 + 2)
– 42 + 31 = A + 0
⇒ A = – 11
Substituting the values of A and B in equation (2)

Question 9.
\(\frac{x+12}{(x+1)^{2}(x-2)}\)
Answer:

x + 12 = A(x + 1 ) (x – 2) + B(x – 2) + C(x + 1)² ——– (1)
Put x = 2 in equation (l)
2 + 12 = A(2 + 1 ) (2 – 2) + B(2 – 2) + C(2 + 1)²
14 = A(3) (0) + B × 0 + C (3 )²
4 = 0 + 0 + 9C
⇒ C = \(\frac{14}{9}\)

Put x = – 1 in equation (1)
-1 + 12 = A(- 1 + 1)(- 1 – 2) + B(- 1 – 2) + C(- 1 + 1)²
11 = A × 0 + B (- 3 ) + C × 0
11 = -3 B
⇒ B = \(-\frac{11}{3}\)

Put x = 0 in equation (1)
0 + 12 = A (0 + 1)(0 – 2) + B(0 – 2) + C(0 + 1)²
12 = – 2A – 2B + C

Question 10.
\(\frac{6 x^{2}-x+1}{x^{3}+x^{2}+x+1}\)
Answer:

6x² – x + 1 = Ax (x + 1) + B (x + 1) + C(x² + 1) ——— (1)
Put x = – 1 in equation (1)
6 x (- 1)² – (- 1) + 1 = A (- 1 ) (- 1 + 1 ) + B(- 1 + 1) + C ( (- 1)² + 1 )
6 + 1 + 1 = A × 0 + B × 0 + C (2)
8 = 2C
⇒ C = 4

Put x = 0 in equation (1)
6 × 0² – 0 + 1 = A(0)(0 + 1 ) + B(0 + 1) + C(0² + 1)
1 = 0 + B + C
1 = B + 4
B = 1 – 4 = – 3
Equating the coefficient of x² in equation (1) we have
6 = A + C
6 = A + 4
⇒ A = 6 – 4
⇒ A = 2
∴ The required partial fraction is

Question 11.
\(\frac{2 x^{2}+5 x-11}{x^{2}+2 x-3}\)
Answer:
\(\frac{2 x^{2}+5 x-11}{x^{2}+2 x-3}\)
Since the degree of the numerator is equal to the degree of the denominator divide the numerator by the denominator

Put x = 1 in equation (3)
1 – 5 = A(1 + 3) + B(1 – 1)
– 4 = 4A + 0
⇒ A = – 1

Put x = – 3 in equation (3)
– 3 – 5 = A (- 3 + 3) + B(- 3 – 1)
– 8 = 0 – 4B
⇒ B = 2

Substituting the values of A and B in equation (2) we have

∴ The required partial fraction is

Question 12.
\(\frac{7+x}{(1+x)\left(1+x^{2}\right)}\)
Answer:

7 + x = A( 1 + x²) + Bx (1 + x) + C(1 + x) ——- (1)
Put x = -1 , in equation (1)
7 – 1 = A(1 + (-1)²) + B (- 1) (1 – 1) + C(1 – 1)
6 = A(1 + 1) + 0 + 0
A = \(\frac{6}{2}\) = 3
⇒ A = 3
Put x = 0 , in equation (1)
7 + 0 = A(1 + 0²) + B × 0 (1 + 0) + C(1 + 0)
7 = A + 0 + C
7 = 3 + C
⇒ C = 4
Equating the coefficient of x² in equation (I) we have
0 = A + B
0 = 3 + B
⇒ B = – 3
∴ The required partial fraction is