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Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Science Guide Pdf Chapter 9 Introduction to C++ Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 11th Computer Science Solutions Chapter 9 Introduction to C++

11th Computer Science Guide Introduction to C++ Text Book Questions and Answers

Book Evaluation
Part I

Choose The Correct Answer

Question 1.
Who developed C++?
a) Charles Babbage
b) Bjarne Stroustrup
c) Bill Gates
d) Sundar Pichai
Answer:
b) Bjarne Stroustrup

Question 2.
What was the original name given to C++?
a) CPP
b) Advanced C
c) C with Classes
d) Class with C
Answer:
c) C with Classes

Question 3.
Who coined C++?
a) Rick Mascitti
b) Rick Bjarne
c) Bill Gates
d) Dennis Ritchie
Answer:
a) Rick Mascitti

Question 4.
The smallest individual unit in a program is:
a) Program
b) Algorithm
c) Flowchart
d) Tokens
Answer:
d) Tokens

Question 5.
Which of the following operator is extraction operator of C++?
a) >>
b) <<
c) <>
d) AA
Answer:
a) >>

Question 6.
Which of the following statements is not true?
a) Keywords are the reserved words convey specific meaning to the C++ compiler.
b) Reserved words or keywords can be used as an identifier name.
c) An integer constant must have at least one digit without a decimal point.
d) Exponent form of real constants consists of two parts
Answer:
b) Reserved words or keywords can be used as an identifier name.

Question 7.
Which of the following is a valid string literal?
a) ‘A’
b) ‘Welcome’
c) 1232
d) “1232”
Answer:
d) “1232”

Question 8.
A program written in high level language is called as ………………………
a) Object code
b) Source code
e) Executable code
d) All the above
e) Executable code
Answer:
b) Source code

Question 9.
Assume a=5, b=6; what will be result of a & b?
a) 4
b) 5
c) 1
d) 0
Answer:
a) 4

Question 10.
Which of the following is called as compile time operators?
a) size of
b) pointer
c) virtual
d) this
Answer:
a) sizeof

Part – II

Very Short Answers

Question 1.
What is meant by a token? Name the token available in C++.
Answer:
C++ program statements are constructed by many different small elements such as commands, variables, constants, and many more symbols called operators and punctuators. Individual elements are collectively called Lexical units or Lexical elements or Tokens.
C++ has the following tokens:

1. Keywords
2. Identifiers
3. Literals
4. Operators
5. Punctuators

Question 2.
What are keywords? Can keywords be used as identifiers?
Answer:
Keywords:
Keywords are the reserved words which convey specific meaning to the C++ compiler.
They are the essential elements to construct C++ programs.
Example:
int / float / auto / register Reserved words or keywords cannot be used as an identifier name.

Question 3.
The following constants are of which type?

1. 39
2. 032
3. OXCAFE
4. 04.14

Answer:

1. 39 – Decimal
2. 032 – Octal
3. OXCAFE – Hexadecimal
4. 04.14 – Decimal

Question 4.
Write the following real constants into the exponent form:
i) 23.197
ii) 7.214
iii) 0.00005
iv) 0.319
Answer:
i) 23.197 : 0.23197 E2 (OR) 2.3197 E1 (OR) 23197E-3
ii) 7.214 : 0.7214 E1 (OR) 72.14 E-1 (OR) 721.4 E-2 (OR) 7214E-3
iii) 0.00005 : 5E-5
iv) 0.319 : 3.19 E-l (OR) 31.9 E-2 (OR) 319 E-3

Question 5.
Assume n=10; what will be result of n>>2;?
Answer:

Question 6.
Match the following:

Answer:
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 1

Part – III

Short Answers

Question 1.
Describe the differences between keywords and identifiers.
Answer:
Keywords:

• Keywords are the reserved words which convey specific meaning to the C++ compiler.
• They are essential elements to construct C++ programs.
• Most of the keywords are common to C, C++, and Java.

Identifiers:

• Identifiers are the user-defined names given to different parts of the C++ program.
• They are the fundamental building blocks of a program.
• Every language has specific rules for naming the identifiers.

Question 2.
Is C++ case sensitive? What is meant by the term “case sensitive”?
Answer:
Yes. C++ is case sensitive as it treats upper and lower-case characters differently.
Example: NUM, Num, num are different in C++.

Question 3.
Differentiate “=” and “==”.
Answer:

• ‘=’ is an assignment operator which is used to assign a value to a variable which is on the left hand side of an assignment statement.
• ‘=’operator copies the value at the right side
  of the operator to the left side variable. Ex. num = 10; means 10 assign to the variable num.
• ‘= =’ is a relational operator. It is used to compare both operands are same or not.
• Ex. num = = 10 means it compare num value with 10 and returns true(l) if both are same or returns false(0)

Question 4.
Assume a=10, b=15; What will be the value of a∧b?
Answer:
Bitwise XOR (∧) will return 1 (True) if only one of the operand is having a value 1 (True). If both are True or both are False, it will return 0 (False).

Question 5.
What is the difference between “Run time error” and “Syntax error”?
Answer:
Run time Error:

• A run time error occurs during the execution of a program. It occurs because of some illegal operation that takes place.
• For example, if a program tries to open a file which does not exist, it results in a run-time error.

Syntax Error:

• Syntax errors occur when grammatical rules of C++ are violated.
• For example: if you type as follows, C++ will throw an error.
  cout << “Welcome to Programming in C++”

Question 6.
What are the differences between “Logical error” and “Syntax error”?
Answer:

• A Program has not produced the expected result even though the program is grammatically correct. It may be happened by the wrong use of variable/operator/order of execution etc. This means, the program is grammatically correct, but it contains some logical error. So, a Semantic error is also called a “Logic Error”.
• Syntax errors occur when grammatical rules of C++ are violated.

Question 7.
What is the use of a header file?
Answer:
Header files contain definitions of Functions and Variables, which are imported or used into any C++ program by using the preprocessor #include statement. Header files have an extension “.h” which contains C++ function declaration and macro definition.
Example: #include

Question 8.
Why is main function special?
Answer:
Every C++ program must have a main function. The main() function is the starting point where all C++ programs begin their execution. Therefore, the executable statements should be inside the main() function.

Question 9.
Write two advantages of using include compiler directive.
Answer:

1. The program is broken down into modules, thus making it more simplified.
2. More library functions can be used, at the same time size of the program is retained.

Question 10.
Write the following in real constants.

1. 15.223
2. 211.05
3. 0.00025

Answer:

1. 15.223 → 1.5223E1 → 0.15223E2 → 15223E-3
2. 211.05 → 2.1105E2 → 21105 E-2
3. 0.00025 → 2.5E-4

Part – IV

Explain In Detail

Question 1.
Write about Binary operators used in C++.
Answer:
Binary Operators require two operands:
Arithmetic operators that perform simple arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division (+, -, *, %, /), etc. are binary operators which require a minimum of two operands.

Relational operators are used to determining the relationship between its operands. The relational operators (<, >, >=, <=, ==, !=) are applied on two operands, hence they are binary operators. AND, OR (logical operator) both are binary operators. The assignment operator is also a binary operator (+=, – =, *=, /=, %=).

Question 2.
What are the types of Errors?
Answer:
COMMON TYPES OF ERRORS

Question 3.
Assume a=15, b=20; What will be the result of the following operations?
a) a&b
b) a|b
c) aAb
d)a>>3
e) (~b)
Answer:

11th Computer Science Guide Introduction to C++ Additional Questions and Answers

Choose The Correct Answer

Question 1.
The latest standard version published in December 2017 as ISO/IEC …………….. which is informally known as C++ 17.
(a) 14882 : 1998
(b) 14883 : 2017
(c) 14882 : 2017
(d) 14882 : 2000
Answer:
(c) 14882 : 2017

Question 2.
C++ language was developed at ……………….
a) Microsoft
b) Borland International
c) AT & T Bell Lab
d) Apple Corporation
Answer:
c) AT & T Bell Lab

Question 3.
An integer constant is also called……………..
(a) fixed point constant
(b) floating-point constant
(c) real constants
(d) Boolean literals
Answer:
(a) fixed point constant

Question 4.
C++supports ………… programming paradigms.
a) Procedural
b) Object-Oriented
c) Both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Both A and B

Question 5.
…………….. relational operators are binary operators.
(a) 7
(b) 8
(c) 6
(d) 2
Answer:
(c) 6

Question 6.
C++ is a superset (extension) of …………….. language.
a) Ada
b) BCPL
c) Simula
d) C
Answer:
d) C

Question 7
…………….. used to label a statement.
(a) colon
(b) comma
(c) semicolon
(d) parenthesis
Answer:
(a) colon

Question 8.
The name C++ was coined by …………….
a) Lady Ada Lovelace
b) Rick Mascitti
c) Dennis Ritchie
d) Bill Gates
Answer:
b) Rick Mascitti

Question 9.
IDE stands for ……………..
(a) Integrated Development Environment
(b) International Development Environment
(c) Integrated Digital Environment
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) Integrated Development Environment

Question 10.
Till 1983, C++ was referred to as …………………
a) New C
b) C with Classes
c) Both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Both A and B

Question 11.
…………….. data type signed more precision fractional value.
(a) char
(b) short
(c) long double
(d) signed doubles
Answer:
(c) long double

Question 12.
C# (C-Sharp), D, Java, and newer versions of C languages have been influenced by ………………. language.
a) Ada
b) BCPL
c) Simula
d) C++
Answer:
d) C++

Question 13.
…………….. manipulator is the member of iomanip header file.
(a) setw
(b) setfill
(c) setf
(d) all the above
Answer:
(d) all the above

Question 14.
C++is ……………… language.
a) Structural
b) Procedural
c) Object-oriented
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Object-oriented

Question 15.
C++ includes ………………..
a) Classes and Inheritance
b) Polymorphism
c) Data abstraction and Encapsulation
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 16.
C language does not allow ………………
a) Exception handling
b) Inheritance
c) Function overloading
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 17.
……………. is a set of characters which are allowed to write a C++ program.
a) Character set
b) Tokens
c) Punctuators
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Character set

Question 18.
A character represents any …………………..
a) Alphabet
b) Number
c) Any other symbol (special characters)
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 19.
Most of the Character set, Tokens, and expressions are very common to C based programming languages like ………………..
a) C++
b) Java
c) PHP
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 20.
…………… is a white space.
a) Horizontal tab
b) Carriage return
c) Form feed
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 21.
C++ program statements are constructed by many different small elements called……………….
a) Lexical units
b) Lexical elements
c) Tokens
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 22.
…………… is a C++token.
a) Keywords
b) Identifiers and Literals
c) Punctuators and Operators
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 23.
The smallest individual unit in a program is known as a ……………
a) Token
b) Lexical unit
c) Token or a Lexical unit
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Token or a Lexical unit

Question 24.
………………… are the reserved words which convey specific meaning to the C++ compiler.
a) Keywords
b) Identifiers and Literals
c) Punctuators and Operators
d) All the above
Answer:
a) Keywords

Question 25.
………………. are the essential elements to construct C++ programs.
a) Keywords
b) Identifiers and Literals
c) Punctuators and Operators
d)All the above
Answer:
a) Keywords

Question 26.
Most of the keywords are common to …………… languages.
a) C, and C++
b) C++ and Java
c) C, C++ and Java
d) None of these
Answer:
c) C, C++ and Java

Question 27.
……………. is a case sensitive programming language.
a) C, and C++
b) C++ and Java
c) C, C++ and Java
d) None of these
Answer:
c) C, C++ and Java

Question 28.
In ……………. language, all the keywords must be in lowercase.
a) C, and C++
b) C++ and Java
c) C, C++ and Java
d) None of these
Answer:
c) C, C++ and Java

Question 29.
……………… is a new keyword in C++.
a) using
b) namespace
c) std
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 30.
…………….. is a new keyword in C++.
a) bal
b) static_cast
c) dynamic_cast
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 31.
………….. is a new keyword in C++.
a) true
b) false
c) Both A and B
c) None of these
Answer:
c) None of these

Question 32.
Identifiers are the user-defined names given to …………..
a) Variables and functions
b)Arrays
c) Classes
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 33.
Identifiers containing a …………. should be avoided by users.
a) Double underscore
b) Underscore
c) number
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Double underscore

Question 34.
The first character of an identifier must be an ………….
a) Alphabet
b) Underscore (_)
c) Alphabet or Underscore (_)
c) None of these
Answer:
c) Alphabet or Underscore (_)

Question 35.
Only …………… is permitted for the variable name.
a) Alphabets
b) Digits
c) Underscore
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 36.
Identify the correct statement from the following.
a) C++ is case sensitive as it treats upper and lower-case characters differently.
b) Reserved words or keywords cannot be used as an identifier name.
c) As per ANSI standards, C++ places no limit on its length.
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 37.
ANSI stands for …………..
a) All National Standards Institute
b) Advanced National Standards Institute
c) American National Standards Institute
d) None of these
Answer:
c) American National Standards Institute

Question 38.
Identify the invalid variable name from the following.
a) num-add
b) this
c) 2myfile
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 39.
Identify the odd one from the following.
a) Int
b) _add
c) int
d) tail marks
Answer:
c) int

Question 40.
……………… are data items whose values do not change during the execution of a program.
a) Literals
b) Constants
c) Identifiers
d) Both A and B
Answer:
d) Both A and B

Question 41.
…………. is a type constant in C++.
a) Boolean constant
b) Character constant
c) String constant
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 42.
…………… is a type of numeric constant.
a) Fixed point constant
b) Floating-point constant
c) Both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Both A and B

Question 43.
……………. are whole numbers without any fractions.
a) Integers
b) Real constant
c) Floating-point constant
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Integers

Question 44.
In C++, there are …………….. types of integer constants.
a) Two
b) Three
c) Four
d) Six
Answer:
b) Three

Question 45.
In C++, ……………… is a type of integer constant.
a) Decimal
b) Octal
c) Hexadecimal
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 46.
Any sequence of one or more digits (0 …. 9) is called ……………… integer constant.
a) Decimal
b) Octal
c) Hexadecimal
d) All the above
Answer:
a) Decimal

Question 47.
Any sequence of one or more octal values (0 …. 7) that begins with 0 is considered as a(n) …………… constant.
a) Decimal
b) Octal
c) Hexadecimal
d) All the above
Answer:
b) Octal

Question 48.
When you use a fractional number that begins with 0, C++ has consider the number as ………………..
a) An integer not an Octal
b) A floating-point not an Octal
c) An integer not a Hexadecimal
d) None of these
Answer:
a) An integer not an Octal

Question 49.
Any sequence of one or more Hexadecimal values (0 …. 9, A …. F) that starts with Ox or OX is considered as a(n) ………….. constant.
a) Decimal
b) Octal
c) Hexadecimal
d) All the above
Answer:
c) Hexadecimal

Question 50.
Identify the invalid octal constant,
a) 05,600
b) 04.56
c) 0158
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 51.
Identify the valid hexa decimal constant
a) 0X1,A5
b) 0X.14E
c) CAFE
d) CPP
Answer:
c) CAFE

Question 52.
The suffix ………….. added with any constant forces that to be represented as a long constant.
a) L or I
b) U or u
c) LO
d) Lg
Answer:
a) L or I

Question 53.
The suffix …………… added with any constant forces that to be represented as an unsigned constant.
a) L or I
b) U or u
c) US
d) us
Answer:
b) U or u

Question 54.
A _______ constant is a numeric constant having a fractional component.
a) Real
b) Floating point
c) Real or Floating point
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Real or Floating point

Question 55.
……………. constants may be written in fractional form or in exponent form.
a) Real
b) String
c) Character
d) Integer constant
Answer:
a) Real

Question 56.
Exponent form of real constants consists of ………….. parts.
a) three
b) two
c) four
d) five
Answer:
b) two

Question 57.
Exponent form of real constants consists of ……………. part.
a) Mantissa
b) Exponent
c) Both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Both A and B

Question 58.
The mantissa must be a(n) …………. constant.
a) Integer
b) Real
c) Either A or B
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Either A or B

Question 59.
58.64 can be written as …………….
a) 5.864E1
b) 0.5864E2
c) 5864E-2
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 60.
Internally boolean true has value ……………
a) 0
b) 1
c) -1
d) None of these
Answer:
b) 1

Question 61.
Internally boolean false has value …………….
a) 0
b) 1
c) -1
d) None of these
Answer:
a) 0

Question 62.
A character constant is any valid single character enclosed within ………….. quotes.
a) Double
b) Single
c) No
d) None of these
Answer:
b) Single

Question 63.
Identify the odd one from the following,
a) ‘A’
b) ‘2’
c) ‘$’
d) “A”
Answer:
d) “A”

Question 64.
The value of a single character constant has an equivalent ………….. value.
a) BCD
b) ASCII
c) Nibble
d) None of these
Answer:
b) ASCII

Question 65.
The ASCII value of ‘A’ is …………..
a) 65
b) 97
c) 42
d) 75
Answer:
a) 65

Question 66.
The ASCII value of ‘a’ is ……………
a) 65
b) 97
c) 42
d) 75
Answer:
b) 97

Question 67.
C++ allows certain non-printable characters represented as ……………. constants.
a) Integer
b) Real
c) Character
d) String
Answer:
c) Character

Question 68.
The non-printable characters can be represented by using …………………………
a) Escape sequences
b) String
c) Boolean
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Escape sequences

Question 69.
An escape sequence is represented by a backslash followed by …………. character(s).
a) One
b) Two
c) One or Two
d) None of these
Answer:
c) One or Two

Question 70.
______ is escape sequence for audible or alert bell.
a) \a
b)\b
c) \n
d)\f
Answer:
a) \a

Question 71
_______ is escape sequence for backspace.
a)\a
b)\b
c) \n
d) \f
Answer:
b)\b

Question 72.
______ is escape sequence for form feed.
a)\a
b)\b .
c) \n
d) \f
Answer:
d) \f

Question 73.
______ is escape sequence for new line or line feed.
a) a
b)\b
c)\n
d)\f
Answer:
c)\n

Question 74.
……………. is escape sequence for carriage return.
a)\r
b)\c
c)\n
d)\cr
Answer:
a)\r

Question 75.
______ is escape sequence for horizontal tab.’
a)\a ‘
b)\b
c)\t
d)\f
Answer:
c)\t

Question 76.
_______ is escape sequence for vertical tab.
a)\v
b)\b
c) \t
d) \f
Answer:
a)\v

Question 77.
………………. is escape sequence for octal number.
a) \On
b) \xHn
c)\O
d)O
Answer:
a) \On

Question 78.
______ is escape sequence for hexadecimal number.
a) \On
b) \xHn
c)\O
d)\O
Answer:
b) \xHn

Question 79
______ ¡s escape sequence for Null character.
a) \On
b) \xHn
c)\O
d)\n
Answer:
c)\O

Question 80.
______ ¡s escape sequence for Inserting?
a) \?
b) \\
c)\’
d)\”
Answer:
a) \?

Question 81.
______ is an escape sequence for inserting a single quote.
a)\?
b)\\
c) \‘
d) \“
Answer:
c) \‘

Question 82.
______ is escape sequence for inserting double quote.
a)\?
b)\\
c) \‘
d) \“
Answer:
d) \“

Question 83.
______ is escape sequence for inserting
a)\?’
b)\\
c) \‘
d) \“
Answer:
b)\\

Question 84.
ASCII was first developed and published in 1963 by the …………. Committee, a part of the American Standards Association (ASA).
a) X3
b) A3
c) ASA
d) None of these
Answer:
a) X3

Question 85.
Sequence of characters enclosed within ………. quotes are called as String literals,
a) Single
b) Double
c) No
d) None of these
Answer:
b) Double

Question 86.
By default, string literals are automatically added with a special character………..at the end.
a) ‘\0’ (Null)
b) ‘\S’
c) V
d) None of these
Answer:
a) ‘\0’ (Null)

Question 87.
Identify the valid string constant from the following.
a) “A”
b) “Welcome”
c) “1234”
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 88.
The symbols which are used, to do some mathematical or logical operations are called as ………………
b) Operands
d) None of these
a) Operators
c) Expressions
Answer:
a) Operators

Question 89.
The data items or values that the operators act upon are called as ……………
a) Operators
b) Operands
c) Expressions
d) None of these
Answer:
b) Operands

Question 90.
In C++, the operators are classified as ………… types on the basis of the number of operands,
a) two
b) three
c) four ,
d) five
Answer:
b) three

Question 91.
………….. operators require only one operand.
a) Unary
b) Binary
c) Ternary
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Unary

Question 92.
…………… operators require two operands.
a) Unary
b) Binary
c) Ternary
d) None of these
Answer:
b) Binary

Question 93.
………… operators require three operands.
a) Unary
b) Binary
c) Ternary
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Ternary

Question 94.
C++ operators are classified as …………… types
a) 7
b) 3
c) 10
d) 4
Answer:
a) 7

Question 95.
…………… operators perform simple operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division etc.
a) Logical
b) Relational
c) Arithmetic
d) Bitwise
Answer:
c) Arithmetic

Question 96.
…………… operator is used to find the remainder of a division.
a) /
b) %
c) *
d) **
Answer:
b) %

Question 97.
…………….. operator is called as Modulus operator.
a) /
b)%
c) *
d) **
Answer:
b)%

Question 98.
An increment or decrement operator acts upon a …………….. operand and returns a new value,
a) Single
b) Two
c) Three
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Single

Question 99.
………….. is a unary operator.
a) ++
b) —
c) Both ++ and —
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Both ++ and —

Question 100.
The increment operator adds …………….. to its operand.
a) 1
b) 0\
c) -1
d) None of these
Answer:
a) 1

Question 101.
The decrement operator subtracts …………… from its operand.
a) 1
b) 0\
c) -1
d) None of these
Answer:
a) 1

Question 102.
The …………….. operators can be placed either as prefix (before) or as postfix (after) to a variable.
a) ++
b) –
c) ++or–
d) None of these
Answer:
c) ++or–

Question 103.
With the prefix version, C++ performs the increment/decrement………….. using the operand.
a) Before
b) After
c) When required
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Before

Question 104.
With the postfix version, C++ performs the increment/decrement…………….. using the operand.
a) Before
b) After
c) When required
d) None of these
Answer:
b) After

Question 105.
With the postfix version, C++ uses the value of the operand in evaluating the expression …………… incrementing /decrementing its present value.
a) Before
b) After
c) When required
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Before

Question 106.
……………… operators are used to determining the relationship between its operands.
a) Logical
b) Relational
c) Arithmetic
d) Bitwise
Answer:
b) Relational

Question 107.
When the relational operators are applied on two operands, the result will be a …………… value.
a) Boolean
b) Numeric
c) Character
d) String
Answer:
a) Boolean

Question 108.
C++ provides …………. relational operators.
a) Seven
b) six
c) Eight
d) Five
Answer:
b) six

Question 109.
All six relational operators are ……………
a) Unary
b) Binary
c) Ternary
d) None of these
Answer:
b) Binary

Question 110.
A logical operator is used to evaluate …………… expressions.
a) Logical and Relational
b) Logical
c) Relational
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Logical and Relational

Question 111.
Which logical operator returns 1 (True), if both expressions are true, otherwise it returns 0 (false)?
a) AND
b) OR
c) NOT
d) All the above
Answer:
a) AND

Question 112.
Which logical operator returns 1 (True) if either one of the expressions is true. It returns 0 (false) if both the expressions are false?
a) AND
b) OR
c) NOT
d) All the above
Answer:
b) OR

Question 113.
Which logical operator simply negates or inverts the true value?
a) AND
b) OR
c) NOT
d) All the above
Answer:
c) NOT

Question 114.
AND, OR both are ……………. operators.
a) Unary
b) Binary
c) Ternary
d) None of these
Answer:
b) Binary

Question 115.
NOT is a(n) …………… operator.
a) Unary
b) Binary
c) Ternary
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Unary

Question 116.
Identify the correct statement from the following.
a) The logical operators act upon the operands that are themselves called logical expressions.
b) Bitwise operators work on each bit of data and perform the bit-by-bit operations.
c) There are two bitwise shift operators in C++, Shift left (<<) & Shift right (>>).
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 117.
In C++, there are …………… kinds of bitwise operator.
a) Three
b) Four
c) Two
d) Five
Answer:
a) Three

Question 118.
…………. is a type of bitwise operator.
a) Logical bitwise operators
b) Bitwise shift operators
c) One’s compliment operators
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 119.
______ will return 1 (True) if both the operands are having the value 1 (True); Otherwise, it will return 0 (False).
a) Bitwise AND (&) .
b) Bitwise OR (|)
c) Bitwise Exclusive OR(A)
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Bitwise AND (&)

Question 120.
………… will return 1 (True) if any one of the operands is having a value 1 (True); It returns 0 (False) if both the operands are having the value 0 (False)
a) Bitwise AND (&)
b) Bitwise OR (|)
c) Bitwise Exclusive OR(A)
d) None of these
Answer:
b) Bitwise OR (|)

Question 121.
…………. will return 1 (True) if only one of the operand is having a value 1 (True).If both are True or both are False, it will return 0 (False).
a) Bitwise AND (&)
b) Bitwise OR (|)
c) Bitwise Exclusive OR(A)
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Bitwise Exclusive OR(A)

Question 122.
There are …………… bitwise shift operators in C++.
a) Three
b) Two
c) Four
d) Five
Answer:
b) Two

Question 123.
……………. is a type of * .wise shift operator in
C++.
a) Shift left
b) Shift right
c) Both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Both A and B

Question 124.
……………. is a type of bitwise shift left operator in C++.
a) <<
b) >>
c) &&
d) ||
Answer:
a) <<

Question 125.
…………. is a type of bitwise shift right operator in C++.
a) <<
b) >>
c) &&
d) ||
Answer:
b) >>

Question 126.
The value of the left operand is moved to the left by the number of bits specified by the right operand using …………. operator.
a) <<
b) >>
c) &&
d) ||
Answer:
a) <<

Question 127.
The value of the left operand is moved to right by the number of bits specified by the right operand using …………. operator.
a) <<
b) >>
c) &&
d) ||
Answer:
b) >>

Question 128.
Right operand should be an unsigned integer for …………… operator.
a) Arithmetic
b) Relational
c) Bitwise Shift
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Bitwise Shift

Question 129.
………… is the bitwise one’s complement operator.
a) <<
b) >>
c) &&
d) ~
Answer:
d) ~

Question 130.
The bitwise ………….. operator inverts all the bits in a binary pattern, that is, all l’s become 0 and all 0’s become 1.
a) Shift left
b) Shift right
c) One’s complement
d) None of these
Answer:
c) One’s complement

Question 131.
…………… is a unary operator.
a) Shift left
b) Shift right
c) Bitwise one’s complement
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Bitwise one’s complement

Question 132.
………….. operator is used to assigning a value to a variable which is on the left-hand side of an assignment statement.
a) Assignment
b) Logical
c) Bitwise
d) Conditional
Answer:
a) Assignment

Question 133.
…………. is commonly used as the assignment operator in all computer programming languages.
a) :=
b) ==
c) =
d) None of these
Answer:
c) =

Question 134.
…………… operator copies the value at the right side of the operator to the left side variable,
a) Assignment
b) Logical
c) Bitwise
d) Conditional
Answer:
a) Assignment

Question 135.
The assignment operator is a(n) ……………….. operator.
a) Unary
b) Binary
c) Ternary
d) Conditional
Answer:
b) Binary

Question 136.
How many conditional operators are used in C++?
a) one
b) two
c) three
d) four
Answer:
a) one

Question 137.
…………….. operator is a Ternary Operator.
a) Assignment
b) Logical
c) Bitwise
d) Conditional
Answer:
d) Conditional

Question 138.
…………… operator is used as an alternative to if … else control statement.
a) Assignment
b) Logical
c) Bitwise
d) Conditional
Answer:
d) Conditional

Question 139.
……………. is a pointer to a variable operator.
a) &
b) *
c) →
d) → *
Answer:
b) *

Question 140.
…………… is an address operator.
a) &
b) *
c) →
d) →*
Answer:
a) &

Question 141.
……………. is a direct component selector operator.
a) .(dot)
b) *
c) →
d) →*
Answer:
a) .(dot)

Question 142.
…………… is an indirect component selector operator.
a) .(dot)
b) *
c) →
d) →*
Answer:
c) →

Question 143.
…………. is a dereference operator.
a) . (dot)
b) .*
c) →
d) →*
Answer:
b) .*

Question 144.
……………… is a dereference pointer to class member operator.
a) . (dot)
b) .*
c) →
d) →*
Answer:
d) →*

Question 145.
……………. is a scope resolution operator.
a) .(dot)
b) .*
c) : :
d) →*
Answer:
c) : :

Question 146.
The operands and the operators are grouped in a specific logical way for evaluation is called as………………
a) Operator precedence
b) Operator association
c) Hierarchy
d) None of these
Answer:
b) Operator association

Question 147.
Which operator is lower precedence?
a) Arithmetic
b) Logical
c) Relational
d) None of these
Answer:
b) Logical

Question 148.
Which operator is higher precedence?
a) Arithmetic
b) Logical
c) Relational
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Arithmetic

Question 149.
Which operator is the lowest precedence?
a) Assignment
b) Comma
c) Conditional
d) Arithmetic
Answer:
b) Comma

Question 150.
In C++, asterisk ( * ) is used for ……………… purpose.
a) Multiplication
b) Pointer to a variable
c) Both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Both A and B

Question 151.
……………. punctuator indicates the start and the end of a block of code.
a) Curly bracket { }
b) Paranthesis ()
c) Sqaure bracket [ ]
d) Angle bracket < >
Answer:
a) Curly bracket { }

Question 152.
……………. punctuator indicates function calls and function parameters.
a) Curly bracket { }
b) Paranthesis ()
c) Square bracket [ ]
d) Angle bracket < >
Answer:
b) Paranthesis ()

Question 153.
……………. punctuator indicates single and multidimensional arrays.
a) Curly bracket { }
b) Paranthesis ()
c) Square bracket [ ]
d) Angle bracket < >
Answer:
c) Square bracket [ ]

Question 154.
……………… punctuator is used as a separator in an expression.
a) Comma,
b) Semicolon;
c) Colon :
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Comma,

Question 155.
Every executable statement in C++ should terminate with a ………..
a) Comma,
b) Semicolon;
c) Colon:
d) None of these
Answer:
b) Semicolon;

Question 156.
……………… punctuator is used to label a statement.
a) Comma,
b) Semicolon;
c) Colon:
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Colon:

Question 157.
………….. is a single line comment.
a) /I
b) /* ……..*/
c) \\
d) None of these
Answer:
a) /I

Question 158.
……………… is a multi line comment.
a) //
b) /* */
c) \\
d) None of these
Answer:
b) /* */

Question 159.
C++ provides the operator to get input. .
a) >>
b) <<
c) ||
d) &&
Answer:
a) >>

Question 160.
…………….. operator extracts the value through the keyboard and assigns it to the variable on its right.
a) >>
b) <<
c) ||
d) &&
Answer:
a) >>

Question 161.
………………. operator is called as “Stream extraction” or “get from” operator.
a) >>
b) <<
c) ||
d) &&
Answer:
a) >>

Question 162.
Get from operator requires …………….. operands.
a) three
b) two
c) four
d) five
Answer:
b) two

Question 163.
…………….. is the operand of get from the operator.
a) Predefined identifier cin
b) Variable
c) Both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Both A and B

Question 164.
To receive or extract more than one value at a time ………… operator should be used for each variable.
a) >>
b) <<
c) ||
d) &&
Answer:
a) >>

Question 165.
……………. is called cascading of operator.
a) >>
b) <<
c) 11 .
d) Both A and B
Answer:
d) Both A and B

Question 166.
C++ provides …………… operator to perform output operation. a) >>
b) <<
c) ||
d) &&
Answer:
b) <<

Question 167.
The operator ………….. is called the “Stream insertion” or “put to” operator.
a) >>
b) <<
c) ||
d) &&
Answer:
b) <<

Question 168.
…………… operator is used to send the strings or values of the variables on its right to the object on its left. a) >>
b) <<
c) ||
d) &&
Answer:
b) <<

Question 169.
The second operand of put to operator may be a …………….
a) Constant
b) Variable
c) Expression
d) Either A or B or C
Answer:
d) Either A or B or C

Question 170.
To send more than one value at a time …………… operator should be used for each constant/ variable/expression.
a) >>
b) <<
c) ||
d) &&
Answer:
a) >>

Question 171.
The compiler ignores …………… statement.
a) Comment
b) Input
c) Output
d) Assignment
Answer:
a) Comment

Question 172.
Usually all C++ programs begin with include statements starting with a ……………… symbol.
a) $
b) #
c) {
d) %
Answer:
b) #

Question 173.
The symbol …………… is a directive for the preprocessor.
a) $
b) #
c) {
d) %
Answer:
b) #

Question 174.
_____ means, statements are processed before the compilation process begins.
a) Preprocessor
b) Include
c) Header file
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Preprocessor

Question 175.
The header file ……………… should include in every C++ program to implement input/output functionalities.
a) iostream
b) stdio
c) conio
d) math
Answer:
a) iostream

Question 176.
………….. header file contains the definition of its member objects cin and cout.
a) iostream
b) stdio
c) conio
d) math
Answer:
a) iostream

Question 177.
Namespace collects identifiers used for …………..
a) Class
b) Object
c) Variables
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 178.
…………….. provides a method of preventing name conflicts in large projects.
a) namespace
b) header files
c) include
d) None of these
Answer:
a) namespace

Question 179.
Every C++ program must have a …………… function.
a) user defined
b) main( )
c) Library .
d) None of these
Answer:
b) main( )

Question 180.
The …………….. function is the starting point where all C++ programs begin their execution.
a) user-defined
b) main ( )
c) Library
d) None of these
Answer:
b) main ( )

Question 181.
The executable statements should be inside the ………… function.
a) user-defined
b) main ( )
c) Library
d) None of these
Answer:
b) main ( )

Question 182.
The statements between the …………… braces are executable statements.
a) Curly bracket { }
b) Paranthesis ()
c) Square bracket [ ]
d) Angle bracket < >
Answer:
a) Curly bracket { }

Question 183.
For creating and executing a C++ program, one must follow ……………. important steps.
a) two
b) three
c) five
d) four
Answer:
d) four

Question 184.
For creating and executing a C++ program, one must follow ……….. step.
a) Creating source code and save with .cpp extension
b) Compilation
c) Execution
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 185.
………………. links the library files with the source code and verifies each and every line of code.
a) Interpreter
b) Compiler
c) Loader
d) Assembler
Answer:
b) Compiler

Question 186.
If there are no errors in the source code, …………… translates the source code into a machine-readable object file.
a) Interpreter
b) Compiler
c) Loader
d) Assembler
Answer:
b) Compiler

Question 187.
The compiler translates the source code into machine-readable object file with an extension…………..
a) .cpp
b) .exe
c) .obj *
d) None of these
Answer:
c) .obj *

Question 188.
The object file becomes an executable file with extension ……………
a) .cpp
b) .exe
c) .obj
d) None of these
Answer:
b) .exe

Question 189.
………….. files can run without the help of any compiler or IDE.
a) Source
b) Object
c) Executable
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Executable

Question 190.
…………… makes it easy to create, compile and execute a C++ program.
a) Editors
b) IDE
c) Compilers
d) None of these
Answer:
b) IDE

Question 191.
IDE stands for …………….
a) Integrated Development Environment
b) Integrated Design Environment
c) Instant Development Environment
d) Integral Development Environment
Answer:
a) Integrated Development Environment

Question 192.
……………. is open-source C++ compiler.
a) Dev C++ / Geany / Sky IDE
b) Code Lite / Code::blocks / Eclipse
c) Ner Beans / Digital Mars
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 193.
Dev C++ is written in …………
a) Delphi
b) C++
c) C
d) Pascal
Answer:
a) Delphi

Question 194.
………….. error is possible in C++.
a) Syntax
b) Semantic
c) Run-time
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 195.
………….. error occurs because of some illegal operation that takes place.
a) Syntax
b) Semantic
c) Run-time
d) All the above
Answer:
c) Run-time

Question 196.
Semantic error is called as ……………error.
a) Syntax
b) Logic
c) Run-time
d) All the above
Answer:
b) Logic

Question 197.
If a program tries to open a file which does not exist, it results in a …………. error.
a) Syntax
b) Logic
c) Run-time
d) All the above
Answer:
c) Run-time

Question 198.
……………. errors occur when grammatical rules of C++are violated.
a) Syntax
b) Logic
c) Run-time
d) All the above
Answer:
a) Syntax

Very Short Answers (2 Marks)

Question 1.
Mention any two benefits of C++.
Answer:

1. C++ is a highly portable language and is often the language of choice for multi-device, multi-platform app development.
2. C++ is an object-oriented programming language and includes classes, inheritance, polymorphism, data abstraction, and encapsulation.

Question 2.
What is a character?
Answer:
A character represents any alphabet, number, or any other symbol (special characters) mostly available in the keyboard.

Question 3.
What are the types of C++ operators based on the number of operands?
Answer:
The types of C++ operators based on the number of operands are:

1. Unary Operators – Require only one operand
2. Binary Operators – Require two operands
3. Ternary Operators – Require three operands

Question 4.
What are the recent keywords included in C++?
Answer:
The recent list of keywords includes: using, namespace, bal, static_cast, const_cast, dynamic_cast, true, false.

Question 5.
What is a stream extraction operator?
Answer:
C++ provides the operator >> to get input. It extracts the value through the keyboard and assigns it to the variable on its right; hence, it is called as “Stream extraction” or “get from” operator.

Question 6.
Why the following identifiers are invalid?
a) num-add
b) this
c) 2myfile
Answer:
a) num-add – It contains spedal character (-) which ¡s not permitted
b) this – It is a keyword in C++. Keyword can not be used as identifier
c) 2myflle – Name must begin with an alphabet or an underscore.

Question 7.
What are the main types of C++ datatypes?
Answer:
In C++, the data types are classified into three main categories

1. Fundamental data types
2. User-defined data types
3. Derived data types.

Question 8.
What are Boolean literals?
Answer:
Boolean literals are used to represent one of the Boolean values (True or false). Internally true has value 1 and false has value 0.

Question 9.
What are string literals?
Answer:
The sequence of characters enclosed within double quotes is called String literals. By default, string literals are automatically added with a special character ‘\0’ (Null) at the end. Valid string Literals: “A” “Welcome” “1234” Invalid String Literals : ‘Welcome’,’1234′

Question 10.
Differentiate Operators and Operands.
Answer:
The symbols which are used to do some mathematical or logical operations are called as Operators.
The data items or values that the operators act upon are called as Operands.

Question 11.
What are the classifications of C++ operators based on operand requirements?
Answer:
In C++, the operators are classified on the basis of the number of operands as follows:
i) Unary Operators – Require only one operand
ii) Binary Operators – Require two operands
iii) Ternary Operators – Require three operands

Question 12.
List the C++ operators.
Answer:
C++ Operators are classified as:

• Arithmetic Operators
• Relational Operators
• Logical Operators
• Bitwise Operators
• Assignment Operators
• Conditional Operator
• Other Operators ,

Question 13.
Write note on increment and decrement operators.
Answer:
++ (Plus, Plus) Increment operator
– (Minus, Minus) Decrement operator
An increment or decrement operator acts upon a single operand and returns a new value. Thus, these operators are unary operators. The increment operator adds 1 to its operand and the decrement operator subtracts 1 from its operand.
Example:
x++ is the same as x = x+1; It adds 1 to the present value of x.
X– is the same as x = x—1; It subtracts 1 from the present value of x.

Question 14.
Write a note on bitwise operators.
Answer:
Bitwise operators work on each bit of data and perform the bit-by-bit operation.
In C++, there are three kinds of bitwise operators, which are:

• Logical bitwise operators
• Bitwise shift operators
• One’s compliment operator

Question 15.
Write about bitwise one’s compliment operator.
Answer:
The Bitwise one’s compliment operator:
The bitwise One’s compliment operator ~(Tilde), inverts all the bits in a binary pattern, that is, all l’s become 0 and all 0’s become 1. This is a unary operator.
Example:
If a = 15; Equivalent binary values of a is 0000 1111

Question 16.
Write about assignment operator.
Answer:
Assignment Operator:
The assignment operator is used to assigning a value to a variable which is on the left-hand side of an assignment statement. = (equal to) is commonly used as the assignment operator in all computer programming languages. This operator copies the value at the right side of the operator to the left side variable. It is also a binary operator.

Question 17.
What are the shorthand assignment operators? Give example.
Answer:

Question 18.
Write note on conditional or ternary operator.
Answer:
In C++, there is only one conditional operator is used. ?: is a conditional Operator. This is a Ternary Operator. This operator is used as an alternative to if… else control statement.

Question 19.
Write note on comma (, ) operator.
Answer:
The comma (,) is an operator in C++ used to bring together several expressions. The group of expressions separated by a comma is evaluated from left to right.

Question 20.
What are the pointer operators?
Answer:
* – Pointer to a variable operator
& – Address of operator

Question 21.
What are the component selection operators?
Answer:
. – Direct component selector operator
-> – Indirect component selector operator

Question 22.
What are the class member operators?
Answer:
:: – Scope access / resolution operator
.* – Dereference operator
->* – Dereference pointer to class member operator

Question 23.
What is operator association?
Answer:
The operands and the operators are grouped in a specific logical way for evaluation. This logical grouping is called as an Association.

Question 24.
What are the cascading operators?
Answer:
Get from (>>) and Put to (<<) operators are cascading operators.

Question 25.
What are the popular C++ Compilers with IDE.
Answer:

Short Answers (3 Marks)

Question 1.
What are the benefits of C++?
Answer:
Benefits of learning C++:

• c++ ¡s a highly portable language and ¡s often the language of choice for multi-device, multi- platform app development.
• C++ is an object-oriented programming language and includes classes, inheritance, polymorphism, data abstraction and encapsulation.
• C++ has a rich function library.
• C++ allows exception handling, inheritance and function overloading which are not possible in C.
• C++ is a powerful, efficient and fast language.

It finds a wide range of applications — from GUI applications to 3D graphics for games to real-time mathematical simulations.

Question 2.
What are the characters used In C++?
Answer:
C++ accepts the following characters:

Question 3.
What are Automatic conversion and Type promotion?
Answer:
Implicit type conversion is a conversion performed by the compiler automatically. So, the implicit conversion is also called “Automatic conversion”. This type of conversion is applied usually whenever different data types are intermixed in an expression. If the type of the operands differs, the compiler converts one of them to match with the other, using the rule that the “smaller” type is converted to the “wider” type, which is called “Type Promotion”.

Question 4.
What are the rules for naming an identifier/variable?
Answer:
Rules for naming an identifier:

• The first character of an identifier must be an alphabet or an underscore (-).
• Only alphabets, digits, and underscore are permitted. Other special characters are not allowed as part of an identifier.
• c++ is case sensitive as it treats upper and lower-case characters differently.
• Reserved words or keywords cannot be used as an identifier name.

Question 5.
List the kinds of literals in C++.
Answer:
C++ has several kinds of literals. They are:

Question 6.
What are the types of C++operators?
Answer:
C++ Operators are classified as:

1. Arithmetic Operators
2. Relational Operators
3. Logical Operators
4. Bitwise Operators
5. Assignment Operators
6. Conditional Operator
7. Other Operators

Question 7.
Write a note on character constants.
Answer:
A character constant is any valid single character enclosed within single quotes. A character constant in C++ must contain one character and must be enclosed within a single quote.
Valid character constants : ‘A’, ‘2\ ‘$’
Invalid character constants : “A”
The value of a single character constant has an equivalent ASCII value. For example, the value of’A’ is 65.

Question 8.
What are escape sequences? Explain.
Answer:
Escape sequences (or) Non-graphic characters:
C++ allows certain non-printable characters represented as character constants. Non-printable characters are also called non-graphical characters. Non-printable characters are those characters that cannot be typed directly from a keyboard during the execution of a program in C++.
For example: backspace, tabs etc. These non-printable characters can be represented by using escape sequences. An escape sequence is represented by a backslash followed by one or two characters.
Example: \t \On \xHn

Question 9.
Tabulate the escape sequence characters.
Answer:

Question 10.
Write a note on arithmetic operators.
Answer:
Arithmetic operators perform simple arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division etc.

Question 11.
What are the relational operators in C++? Give examples.
Answer:
Relational operators are used to determining the relationship between its operands. When the relational operators are applied on two operands, the result will be a Boolean value i.e 1 or 0 to represents True or False respectively. C++ provides six relational operators. They are:

• In the above examples, the operand ‘a’ is compared with ‘b’ and depending on the relation, the result will be either 1 or 0. i.e., 1 for true, 0 for false.
• All six relational operators are binary operators.

Question 12.
What are the logical operators used in C++? Explain its operation.
Answer:
A logical operator is used to evaluate logical and relational expressions. The logical operators act upon the operands that are themselves called as logical expressions. C++ provides three logical operators.
table

AND, OR both are binary operators where as NOT is a unary operator.
Example:
a = 5, b = 6, c = 7;

Question 13.
What are the logical bitwise operators? Explain its operation.
Answer:
Logical bitwise operators:

• & Bitwise AND (Binary AND)
• | Bitwise OR (Binary OR)
• ∧ Bitwise Exclusive OR (Binary XOR)
• Bitwise AND (&) will return 1 (True)if both the operands are having the value 1 (True); Otherwise, it will return 0 (False).
• Bitwise OR (|) will return 1 (True) if any one of the operands is having a value 1 (True); It returns 0 (False) if both the operands are having the value 0 (False).
• Bitwise XOR(A) will return 1 (True) if only one of the operand is having a value of 1 (True). If both are True or both are False, it will return 0 (False).

The truth table for bitwise operators (AND, OR, XOR)

Example:
If a = 65, b=15
Equivalent binary values of 65 = 0100 0001; 15 = 0000 1111

Question 14.
What are the bitwise shift operators? Explain its operation.
Answer:
The Bitwise shift operators:
There are two bitwise shift operators in C++, Shift left (<<) and Shift right (>>).

1. Shift left (<<) – The value of the left operand is moved to the left by the number of bits specified by the right operand. The right operand should be an unsigned integer.
2. Shift right (>>) – The value of the left operand is moved to the right by the number of bits specified by the right operand. The right operand should be an unsigned integer.

Example:
If a =15; the Equivalent binary value of a is 0000 1111

Question 15.
What is input operator in C++? Explain.
Answer:
C++ provides the operator >> to get input. It extracts the value through the keyboard and
assigns it to the variable on its right; hence, it is called as “Stream extraction” or “get from” operator.
It is a binary operator i.e., it requires two operands. The first operand is the pre-defined identifier cin that identifies keyboard as the input device. The second operand must be a variable.
Working process of cin

Example:
cin>>num; — Extracts num value
cin>>x>>y; — Extracts x and y values

Question 16.
What is an output operator in C++? Explain.
Answer:
C+ + provides << operator to perform output operation. The operator << is called the “Stream insertion” or “put to” operator. It is used to send the strings or values of the variables on its right to the object on its left. << is a binary operator.
The first operand is the pre-defined identifier cout that identifies monitor as the standard output object. The second operand may be a
constant, variable or an expression.
Working process of cout

Example:
cout<<“Welcome”; – Display Welcome on-screen cout<<“The Sum =”<

Explain in Detail 5 Marks

Question 1.
Explain Integer Constants. (or) Fixed point constants In detail.
Answer:
Integers are whole numbers without any fractions. An integer constant must have at least one digit without a decimal point. It may be signed or unsigned. Signed integers are considered as negative, commas and blank spaces are not allowed as part of it.
In C++, there are three types of integer constants:

• Decimal
• Octal
• Hexadecimal

i) Decimal
Any sequence of one or more digits (0 …. 9).

If we assign 4.56 as an integer decimal constant, the compiler will accept only the integer portion of 4.56 ie. 4. It will simply ignore .56.

ii) Octal:
Any sequence of one or more octal values (0 ….7) that begins with 0 is considered as an Octal constant.

iii) Hexadecimal:
Any sequence of one or more Hexadecimal values (0 …. 9, A …. F) that starts with Ox or OX is considered as a Hexadecimal constant.

Question 2.
Explain Real Constants. (or) Floating-point constants in detail.
Answer:
Real Constants (or) Floating-point constants:
A real or floating-point constant is a numeric constant having a fractional component. These constants may be written ¡n fractional form or ¡n exponent form.
The fractional form of a real constant is a signed or unsigned sequence of digits including a decimal point between the digits.
It must have at least one digit before and after a decimal point. It may have a prefix with the + or – sign.
A real constant without any sign will be considered positive.
Exponent form of real constants consists of two parts:

1. Mantissa
2. Exponent

The mantissa must be either an integer or a real constant. The mantissa followed by a letter E or e and the exponent. The exponent should also be an integer.
For Example:
58000000.00 may be written as 0.58 x 10⁸ or 0. 58E8.

Example:
5.864 E1 → 5.864 x 10¹ → 58.64
5864 E-2 → 5864 x 10^-2 → 58.64
0.5864 E2 → 0.5864 x 10² → 58.64

Question 3.
Explain the prefix and postfix operators’ working process with suitable examples.
Answer:
The ++ or – operators can be placed either as prefix (before) or as postfix (after) to a variable. With the prefix version, C++ performs the increment / decrement before using the operand.
For example: N1=10, N2=20;
S = ++N1 + ++N2;
The following Figure explains the working process of the above statement.

In the above example, the value of num is first incremented by 1, then the incremented value is assigned to the respective operand.
With the postfix version, C++ uses the value of the operand in evaluating the expression before incrementing /decrementing its present value.
For example: N1=10, N2=20;
S = N1++ + ++N2;
The following Figure explains the working process of the above statement.

In the above example, the value assigned to operand N1 is taken into consideration, first and then the value will be incremented by 1.

Question 4.
What are punctuators/separators? List the punctuators and their operations.
Answer:
Punctuators are symbols, which are used as delimiters while constructing a C++ program. They are also called “Separators”. The following punctuators are used in C++.

Evaluate Yourself

Question 1.
What is meant by literals? How many types of integer literals available in C++?
Answer:
Literals are data items whose values do not change during the execution of a program. Literals are called as Constants.
In C++, there are three types of integer literals (constants). They are:

1. Decimal
2. Octal
3. Hexadecimal

Question 2.
What kind of constants is following?
i) 26
ii) 015
iii) 0xF
iv) 014.9
Answer:
i) 26 : Decimal constant
ii) 015 : Octal constant
iii) 0xF : Hexadecimal constant
iv) 014.9 : Integer Constant. (A fractional number that begins with 0, C++ has consider the number as an integer not an Octal)

Question 3.
What is the character constant in C++?
Answer:
A character constant is any valid single character enclosed within single quotes. A character constant in C++ must contain one character and must be enclosed within a single quote.
Valid character constants: ‘A’, ‘2’, ‘$’
Invalid character constants: “A”

Question 4.
How are non-graphic characters represented in C++?
Answer:
Non-printable characters are also called as non-graphical characters.
Non-printable characters are those characters that cannot be typed directly from a keyboard during the execution of a program in C++, for example, backspace, tabs, etc. These non-printable characters can be represented by using escape sequences.

An escape sequence is represented by a backslash followed by one or two characters.

Even though an escape sequence contains two characters, they should be enclosed within single quotes because, C++ consider escape sequences as character constants and allocates one byte in ASCII representation.

Question 5.
Write the following real constants into exponent form:
i) 32.179
ii) 8.124
iii) 0.00007
Answer:
i) 32.179 → 3.2179E1 (OR) 0.32179E2 (OR) 32178E-3
ii) 8.124 → 0.8124E1 (OR) 8124E-3
iii) 0.00007 → 7E-5

Question 6.
Write the following real constants into fractional form:
i) 0.23E4
ii) 0.517E-3
iii) 0.5E-5
Answer:
i) 0.23E4 → 2300
ii) 0.517E-3 → 0.000517
iii) 0.5E-5 → 0.000005

Question 7.
What is the significance of the null (\0) character in a string?
Answer:
By default, string literals are automatically added with a special character ‘\0’ (Null) at the end. It is called as an end of string character.
The string “welcome” will actually be represented as “welcome\0” in memory and the size of this string is not 7 but 8 characters i.e., inclusive of the last character \0.

Evaluate Yourself

Question 1.
What is the use of operators?
Answer:
Operators are the symbols which are used to do some mathematical or logical operations on their operands.

Question 2.
What are binary operators? Give examples.
Answer:
Arithmetic binary operators.
Binary Operators – Require two operands.
The arithmetic operators addition(+), subtraction(-), multiplication(*), division(/) and Modulus(%) are binary operators which requires two operands.
Example:

Question 3.
What does the modulus operator % do?
Answer:
The modulus operator is used to find the remainder of a division.
Example:
10%3 will return 1 which is the remainder of the division.

Question 4.
What will be the result of 8.5 % 2?
Answer:
The following error will appear while compiling the program.
Invalid operands of types ‘double’ and ‘int’ to binary ‘operator%’.
The reason is % operator operates on integer operands only.

Question 5.
Assume that R starts with a value of 35. What will be the value of S from the following expression? S=(R–)+(++R)
Answer:
S = 70

Question 6.
What will be the value of j = – – k + 2k. if k is ‘ 20 initially?
Answer:
The value of j will be 57 and k will be 19.
C++ Code;
#include
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int k=20,j;
j=–k+2*k;
cout<< “Vlaue of j=”<<j<< “\nVlaue of
k =”<<k;
return 0;
}
Out put

Question 7.
What will be the value of p = p * ++j where j is 22 and p = 3 initially?
Answer:
The value of p is 69 and j is 23.
C++ program:
#include
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int j=22, p=3;
P = P * ++j;
cout<< “Value of p =”<<p<< “\nValue of
j =”<<j;
return 0;
}
Out put

Question 8.
Give that i = 8, j = 10, k = 8, What will be result of the following expressions?
i) i < k
ii) i < j
iii) i > = k
iv) i = = j
v) j ! = k
Answer:

Question 9.
What will be the order of evaluation for the following expressions?
i) i + 3 > = j – 9
ii) a +10 < p – 3 + 2 q
Answer:

Question 10.
Write an expression involving a logical operator to test, if marks are 75 and grade is ‘A’.
Answer:
(marks == 75) && (grade == ‘A)

Hands On Practice

Type the following C++ Programs in Dev C++ IDE and execute, if the compiler shows any errors, try to rectify it and execute again and again till you get the expected result.
Question 1.
C++ Program to find the total marks of three
subjects.
#include
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int m1, m2, m3, sum;
cout << “\n Enter Mark 1:”; cin >> m1;
cout << ”\n Enter Mark 2: “; cin >> m2;
cout << “\n Enter Mark 3: “; cin >> m3;
sum = m1 + m2 + m3;
cout << “\n The sum = ” << sum;
}
Make changes in the above code to get the average of all the given marks.
Answer:
Modified Program:
#include
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int m1, m2, m3, sum;
float avg;
cout << “\n Enter Mark 1: “;
cin >> m1;
cout << “\n Enter Mark 2: “;
cin >> m2;
cout << “\n Enter Mark 3: “;
cin >> m3;
sum = m1 + m2 + m3;
avg = (float)sum / 3;
cout << “\n The sum = ” << sum;
cout << “\n The average = ” << avg;
}
Output

Question 2.
C++ program to find the area of a circle.
#include
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int radius;
float area;
cout << “\n Enter Radius: “;
cin<< radius;
area = 3.14 * radius * radius;
cout << “\n The area of circle =“ <<area;
}
Output

Question 3.
Point out the errors in the following program:
Using namespace std;
int main( )
{
cout << “Enter a value”
cin << numl >> num2
num+num2=sum;
cout >> “\n The Sum= ” >> sum;
Answer:

The correct program is given below:
using namespace std;
#include
int main()
{
int num1,num2,sum;
cout << “Enter two values”; cin >> numl >> num2;
sum= num+num2;
cout << “\n The Sum= “<< sum;
return 0;
}

Question 4.
Point out the type of error in the following program:
#include
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int h=10; w=12;
cout << “Area of rectangle ” << h+w; >
Answer:
Syntax error exists. Ie. int h=10;w=12; should written as int h=10,w=12;
There is also a logical error in the above program.
The formula for rectangle area is given wrong. This error will not indicate by the compiler.
MODIFIED PROGRAM:
#include
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int h=10, w=12;
cout << “Area of rectangle ” << h*w;
}
Output

DATATYPES, VARIABLES AND EXPRESSIONS
Book Evaluation
Part -I

Choose The Correct Answer

Question 1.
How many categories of data types available in C++?
a) 5
b) 4
c) 3
d) 2
Answer:
c) 3

Question 2.
Which of the following data types is not a fundamental type?
a) signed
b) int
c) float
d) char
Answer:
a) signed

Question 3.
What will be the result of following statement?
char ch= ‘B’;
cout << (int) ch;
a) B
b) b
c) 65
d) 66
Answer:
d) 66

Question 4.
Which of the character is used as suffix to indicate a floating point value?
a) F
b) C
c) L
d) D
Answer:
a) F

Question 5.
How many bytes of memory allocates for the following variable declaration if you are using Dev C++? short int x;
a) 2
b) 4
c) 6
d) 8
Answer:
a) 2

Question 6.
What is the output of the following snippet?
char ch = ‘A’;
ch= ch + 1;
a) B
b) A1
c) F
d) 1A
Answer:
a) B

Question 7.
Which of the following Is not a data type modifier?
a) signed
b) int
c) long
d) short
Answer:
b) int

Question 8.
Which of the following operator returns the size of the data type?
a) size of( )
b) int ( )
c) long ( )
d) double ( )
Answer:
a) size of( )

Question 9.
Which operator to be used to access a reference of a variable?
a) $
b) #
c) &
d) !
Answer:
c) &

Question 10.
This can be used as an alternate to end command:
a) \t
b) \b
c) \0
d) \n
Answer:
c) \0

Part II

Very Short Answers

Question 1.
Write a short note const keyword with an example.
Answer:
const is the keyword used to declare a constant, const keyword modifies/restricts the accessibility of a variable. So, it is known as an Access modifier.
Example:
const int num =100; indicates that the variable num can not be modified. It remains constant.

Question 2.
What is the use of setw( ) format manipulator?
Answer:
setw ( ):
setw manipulator sets the width of the field assigned for the output. The field width determines the minimum number of characters to be written in the output.
Syntax:
setw(number of characters)
Example:
cout << setw(25) << “Net Pay : ” << setw(10)
<< np << endl;

Question 3.
Why is char often treated as an integer data type?
Answer:
Character data type is often said to be an integer type since all the characters are represented in memory by their associated ASCII Codes.

Question 4.
What is a reference variable? What is its use?
Answer:
A reference provides an alias for a previously defined variable. Declaration of a reference consists of base type and an & (ampersand) symbol; reference variable name is assigned the value of a previously declared variable.
Syntax:
<&reference_variable> =
Example:
#include
using namespace std;
int main( )
{
int num;
int &temp = num; //declaration of a reference variable temp
num = 100;
cout << “\n The value of num =” << num;
cout << “\n The value of temp =” << temp;
}
Output
The value of num = 100
The value of temp = 100

Question 5.
ConsIder the following C++ statement Are they equivalent?
char ch=67;
char ch=’C’;
Answer:
Yes. Both are equivalent. Both assignment statements will store character C’ in the variable ch.

Question 6.
what Is the difference between 561 and 56?
Answer:

• 56 indIcate an Integer
• 56L indicates Long Integer The suffix L indicates Long. So it stores a long integer

Question 7.
Determine which of the following are valid constant? And specify their type,
i) 0.5
ii) ‘Name’
iii) ‘\t’
iv) 27,822
Answer:
i) 0.5 : Valid. Floating-point constant
ii) ‘Name’ : Invalid. String constant must be enclosed within double-quotes.
iii) ‘\t’ : Valid. Character constant.
iv) 27,822 : Invalid. Comma not allowed with integer constant.

Question 8.
Suppose x and y are two double-type variables that you want add as integers and assign to an integer variable. Construct a C++ statement for doing so.
Answer:
double x, y;
int sum;
x = 12.64;
y = 13.56;
sum = (int) x + (int) y;
The variable sum will have the value of 25 due to explicit casting.

Question 9.
What will be the result of following if num=6 initially?
Answer:
a) cout << num;
6
b) cout << (num==5);
0

Question 10.
Which of the following two statements are valid? Why? Also write their result, int a;
i) a=3,014;
ii) a =(3,014);
Answer:
i) a=3,014; – Invalid. Special character comma(,) not allowed.
ii) a=(3,014); – Valid. 014 is an octal constant. It will be converted into decimal and then stored in a. So, a will hold 12 as its value.

Part – III

Short Answers

Question 1.
What are arithmetic operators in C++? Differentiate unary and binary arithmetic operators. Give example for each of them.
Answer:
Arithmetic Operators:
Arithmetic operators perform simple arithmetic operations like addition, subtraction, multiplication, division, etc.

The above-mentioned arithmetic operators are binary operators which require a minimum of two operands.

Unary arithmetic operators:
– (Unary) – The unary minus operator changes the sign of its argument. A positive number ‘ becomes negative and negative number becomes
positive, int a = 5;
a = -a; // a becomes -5
+ (Unary) – The unary plus operator keeps the sign of its argument,
int a = -5;
a = +a; // a still have the value same value -5
(No change)
a = 5;
a = +a; // a stil have the same value 5
(No change)
Unary Minus is different from – (Binary) ie. subtraction operator requires two operands.
Unary Plus is different from + (Binary) ie. addition operator requires two operands.
#include
mt mamo
{
mt x=10;
intÿ= -10;
inta = -10;
‘nt b = 10;
y=+y;
a= -a;
b=+b;
cout«”\nx = “«X;
cout«”\ny = “«y;
cout«”\na = “«a;
cout«”\nb = “«b;
return 0;

Question 2.
Evaluate x+= x + ++x; Let x=5;
Answer:
x=18
Code:
using namespace std;
#include
int main ()
{

int x;
x = 5;
x+= x + ++x;
cout «x;
return O;
}
Out put

Question 3.
How relational operators and logical operators related to one another?
Answer:
Both relational and logical operators will give the evaluation result as Boolean constant value 1 (True) or 0(False).

Question 4.
Evaluate the following C++ expressions where x, y, z are integers and m, n are floating
point numbers. The value of x = 5, y = 4 and
m=2.5;
i) n=x+y/x;
n=5
ii)z=m*x+y;
z=16
iii) z = (x++) * m + X;
z = 18
Code:
using namespace std;
#include
int main()
{
int x,y,z1,z2;
float m,n;
x=5;
y=4;
m=2.5;
n = x + y / X;
z1=m*x+y;
z2 = (x++) * m + X;
cout<<”\nN = “<<n;
còut<<”\nzl =<<z1;
cout<<”\nz2 =<<z2;
return 0;
}
output

11th Computer Science Guide Introduction to C++ Additional Questions and Answers

Choose The Correct Answer 1 Mark

Question 1.
Every programming language has _____ fundamental element.
a) Data types
b) Variables
c) Both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Both A and B

Question 2.
c++ provides a predefined set of data types for handling the data item is known as …………….. data type.
a) Fundamental
b) Built-in data types
c) User-defined
d) Either A or B
Answer:
d) Either A or B

Question 3.
A programmer can create his own data types called as ______ data types.
a) Fundamental
b) Built-in data types
c) User defined
d) Either A or B
Answer:
c) User defined

Question 4.
In a programming language, fields are referred as ……………
a) Variables
b) Data
c) File
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Variables

Question 5.
In a programming language, values are referred to as ……………
a) Variables
b) Data
c) File
d) None of these
Answer:
b) Data

Question 6.
In C++, the data types are classified as ______ main categories.
a) three
b) four
c) two
d) five
Answer:
a) three

Question 7.
In C++, ______ is a data type category.
a) Fundamental
b) Derived
c) User defined
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 8.
The ………….. are the named memory locations to hold values of specific data types.
a) Literals
b) Variables
c) Constants
d) None of these
Answer:
b) Variables

Question 9.
There are ………….. fundamental (atomic) data types in C++.
a) two
b) three
c) four
d) five
Answer:
d) five

Question 10.
…………… is an atomic data type in C++,
a) char / int
b) float / double
c) void
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 11.
………….. are whole numbers without any fraction.
a) Integers
b) Characters
c) Strings
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Integers

Question 12.
Identify the correct statement from the ; following.
a) Integers can be positive or negative.
b) If you try to store a fractional value in an int type variable it will accept only the integer portion of the fractional value.
c) If a variable is declared as an int, C++ compiler allows storing only integer values into it.
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 13.
……….. data type accepts and returns all valid \ ASCII characters.
a) Character
b) float
c) void
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Character

Question 14.
Character data type is often said to be an …………… type.
a) float
b) string
c) void
d) int
Answer:
d) int

Question 15.
……………… means significant numbers after decimal point.
a) Precision
b) Digit
c) Floating point
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Precision

Question 16.
The _____ data type is larger and slower than type float.
a) Char
b) double
c) void
d) int
Answer:
b) double

Question 17.
The literal meaning for void is …………….
a) Empty space
b) Nothing
c) Blank
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Empty space

Question 18.
In C++, the ……………. data type specifies an empty set of values.
a) Char
b) double
c) void
d) int
Answer:
c) void

Question 19.
……………. is used as a return type for functions that do not return any value.
a) Char
b) double
c) void
d) int
Answer:
c) void

Question 20.
Identify the correct statement from the following.
a) One of the most important reason for declaring a variable as a particular data type is to allocate appropriate space in memory.
b) As per the stored program concept, every data should be accommodated in the main memory before they are processed)
c) C++ compiler allocates specific memory space for each and every data handled according to the compiler’s standards.
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 21.
char data type needs ……………. bytes of memory.
a) 8
b) 4
c) 2
d) 1
Answer:
d) 1

Question 22.
int data type needs ………….. bytes of memory.
a) 8
b) 4
c) 2
d) 1
Answer:
c) 2

Question 23.
float data type needs …………….. bytes of memory.
a) 8
b) 4
c) 2
d) 1
Answer:
b) 4

Question 24.
double data type needs ………… bytes of memory.
a) 8
b) 4
c) 2
d) 1
Answer:
a) 8

Question 25.
The range of char data type is ………………
a) -127 to 128
b) -32,768 to 32,767
c) 3.4 x 10-38 to 3.4 x 1038 -1
d) 1.7 x 10-308 to 1.7 x 10308 -1
Answer:
a) -127 to 128

Question 26.
The range of int data type is …………..
a) -127 to 128
b) -32,768 to 32,767
c) 3.4 x HT38 to 3.4 x 1038-1
d) 1.7 x 10-308 to 1.7 x 10308 -1
Answer:
b) -32,768 to 32,767

Question 27.
The range of float data type is ……………
a) -127 to 128
b) -32,768 to 32,767
c) 3.4 x 10-38 to 3.4 x 1038 -1
d) 1.7 x lO”308 to 1.7 x 10308 -1
Answer:
c) 3.4 x 10-38 to 3.4 x 1038 -1

Question 28.
The range of double data type is …………….
a) -127 to 128
b) -32,768 to 32,767
c) 3.4 x 10″38 to 3.4 x 1038-1
d) 1.7 x 10-308 to 1.7 x 10308 -1
Answer:
d) 1.7 x 10-308 to 1.7 x 10308 -1

Question 29.
…………….. can be used to expand or reduce the memory allocation of any fundamental data type.
a) Modifiers
b) Access specifiers
c) Promoters
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Modifiers

Question 30.
………….. are called as Qualifiers.
a) Modifiers
b) Access specifiers
c) Promoters
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Modifiers

Question 31.
There are …………….modifiers used in C++.
a) five
b) four
c) three
d) two
Answer:
b) four

Question 32.
……………… is a modifier in C++,
a) signed / unsigned
b) long
c) short
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 33.
short data type needs …………. bytes of memory.
a) 8
b) 4
c) 2
d) 1
Answer:
c) 2

Question 34.
unsigned short data type needs ………….. bytes of memory. .
a) 8
b) 4
c) 2
d) 1
Answer:
c) 2

Question 35.
signed short data type needs…………… bytes of memory.
a) 8
b) 4
c) 2
d) 1
Answer:
c) 2

Question 36.
signed long data type needs ……………. bytes of memory.
a) 8
b) 4
c) 2
d) 1
Answer:
b) 4

Question 37.
The range of unsigned short is …………..
a) -32,768 to 32768
b) 0 to 65535
c) -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
d) 0 to 4,294,967,295
Answer:
b) 0 to 65535

Question 38.
The range of unsigned long is ……………..
a) -32,768 to 32768
b) 0 to 65535
c) -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
d) 0 to 4,294,967,295
Answer:
d) 0 to 4,294,967,295

Question 39.
The range of signed long is ……………..
a) -32,768 to 32768
b) 0 to 65535
c) -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647
d) 0 to 4,294,967,295
Answer:
c) -2,147,483,648 to 2,147,483,647

Question 40.
The range of unsigned char is …………….
a) -32,768 to 32768
b) 0 to 65535
c) 0 to 255
d) 0 to 4,294,967,295
Answer:
c) 0 to 255

Question 41.
The range of long double data type is ……………..
a) -127 to 128
b) -32,768 to 32,767
c) 3.4 x 10^932 to 1.1 x 104932 -1
d) 1.7 x 10~308 to 1.7 x 10308 -1
Answer:
c) 3.4 x 10^932 to 1.1 x 104932 -1

Question 42.
int data type needs …………. bytes of memory in Dec C++.
a) 8
b) 4
c) 2
d) 1
Answer:
b) 4

Question 43.
unsigned int data type needs ……………… bytes of memory in Dec C++.
a) 8
b) 4
c) 2
d) 1
Answer:
b) 4

Question 44.
signed int data type needs …………… bytes of memory in Dec C++.
a) 8
b) 4
c) 2
d) 1
Answer:
b) 4

Question 45.
long double data type needs…………… memory in Dec C++.
a) 10
b) 8
c) 2
d) 12
Answer:
d) 12

Question 46.
long double data type needs…………… memory in Turbo C++.
a) 10
b) 8
c) 2
d) 12
Answer:
a) 10

Question 47.
…………….. is an operator which gives the size of a data type.
a) sizeof()
b) byteof()
c) datatype()
d) None of these
Answer:
a) sizeof()

Question 48.
The suffix……………. is used for floating point values
a) U
b) L
C) F
d) None of these
Answer:
C) F

Question 49.
The suffix ……………… is used for long int values.
a) U
b) L
C) F
d) None of these
Answer:
b) L

Question 50.
The suffix ………….. is used for unsigned int
a) U
b) L
C) F
d) None of these
Answer:
a) U

Question 51.
……………… are user-defined names assigned to specific memory locations in which the values are stored.
a) Literals
b) Variables
c) Operators
d) None of these
Answer:
b) Variables

Question 52.
There are ………….. values associated with a symbolic variable
a) two
b) three
c) four
d) five
Answer:
a) two

Question 53.
…………… is data stored in a memory location.
a) L-value
b) R-value
c) T-value
d) B-value
Answer:
b) R-value

Question 54.
…………… is the memory address in which the R-value is stored.
a) L-value
b) R-value
c) T-value
d) B-value
Answer:
a) L-value

Question 55.
The memory addresses are in the form of ……………. values.
a) Binary
b) Octal
c) Decimal
d) Hexadecimal
Answer:
d) Hexadecimal

Question 56.
Every …………. should be declared before they are actually used in a program.
a) Variable
b) Operand
c) Literals
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Variable

Question 57.
If we declare a variable without any initial value, the memory space allocated to that variable will be occupied with some unknown value is called as ………….. values.
a) Junk
b) Garbage
c) Either A or B
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Either A or B

Question 58.
A variable can be initialized during the execution of a program is known as ……………..
a) Dynamic initialization
b) Static initialization
c) Random initialization
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Dynamic initialization

Question 59.
………….. is the keyword used to declare a constant.
a) constant
b) const
c) cons
d) None of these
Answer:
b) const

Question 60.
…………… keyword modifies / restricts the accessibility of a variable.
a) constant
b) const
c) cons
d) None of these
Answer:
b) const

Question 61.
……………….. is known as Access modifier of a variable.
a) constant
b) const
c) cons
d) None of these
Answer:
b) const

Question 62.
Declaration of a reference consists of ……………..
a) Base type
b) An 8i (ampersand) symbol
c) Both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Both A and B

Question 63.
……………. are used to format the output of any
C++ program,
a) Qualifiers
b) Modifiers ‘
c) Manipulators
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Manipulators

Question 64.
ManIpulators are functions specifically designed to use with the ______ operators.
a) Insertion («)
b) Extraction(»)
c) Both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Both A and B

Question 65.
Commonly used manipulator is …………..
a) endl and setw
b) setfill
c) setprecision and setf
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 66.
endl manipulator is a member of  ………………….. header file.
a) iomanip
b) iostream
c) manip
d) conio
Answer:
b) iostream

Question 67.
setw, setfihl, setprecision and setf manipulators are members of______ header file.
a) iomanip
b) iostream
c) manip
d) conio
Answer:
a) iomanip

Question 68.
______ is used asa line feeder in C++.
a) setw
b) setfill
c) endi
d) setf
Answer:
c) endi

Question 69.
______ can be used as an alternate to ‘sn’.
a) setw
b) setfill
c) endi
d) setf
Answer:
c) endi

Question 70.
______ inserts a new line and flushes the buffer.
a) setw
b) setfill
c) endi
d) setf
Answer:
c) endi

Question 71.
______ manipulator sets the width of the field assigned for the output.
a) setw
b) setñhl
c) endi
d) setf
i.) IIUI
U) SeIT
Answer:
a) setw

Question 72.
_______ manipulator is usually used after setw.
a) endl
b) setfill
c) endl
d) setf
Answer:
b) setfill

Question 73.
______ is used to display numbers with fractions In specific number of digits.
a) ‘endI
b) setfill i1
c) endl
d) setprecision
Answer:
d) setprecision

Question 74.
setf() manipulator may be used in form…………..
a) Fixed
b) Scientific
c) Both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Both A and B

Question 75.
An expression ¡s a combination of ……………………… arranged as per the rules of C++.
a) Operators
b) Constants
c) Variables
d) All the above
Answer:
d) All the above

Question 76.
InC++,there are ………………………….. types of expressions used.
a) four
b) five
c) seven
d) two
Answer:
c) seven

Question 77.
The process of converting one fundamental type into another is called as …………………………
a) Type Conversion
b) Compiling
c) Inverting
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Type Conversion

Question 78.
c++ provides …………………… types of conversions
a) three
b) two
c) four
d) five
Answer:
b) two

Question 79.
C++ provides _____types of conversion.
a) Implicit
b) Explicit
c) Both A and B
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Both A and B

Question 80.
A(n) ………………………. type conversion is a conversion performed by the compiler automatically.
a) Implicit
b) Explicit
c) BothAandB
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Implicit

Question 81.
______conversion is also called as Automatic conversion.
a) Implicit ‘
c) BothAandB
b) Explicit
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Implicit ‘

Question 82.
Data of smaller type  converted to the wider type, which is called is as ………………
a) Type Promotion
c) Type extended
b) Type upgrade
d) None of these
Answer:
a) Type Promotion

Question 83.
c++ allows explicit conversion of variables or expressions from one data type to another specific data type by the programmer Is called as ………….
a) Type Promotion
b) Type upgrade
c) Type casting
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Type casting

Very Short Answers 2 Marks

Question 1.
What are the classification of data types?
Answer:
In C++, the data types are classified as three main categories.

1. Fundamental data types
2. User-defined data types and
3. Derived data types.

Question 2.
Define: Variable.
Answer:
The variables are the named memory locations to hold values of specific data types.

Question 3.
Give the syntax for declaring a variable with an example.
Answer:
Syntax for declaring a variable:
Example:
int num1;
int num1, num2, sum;

Question 4.
What a the fundamental/atomic data types in C++?
Answer:
Fundamental (atomic) data types are predefined data types available with C++. There are five fundamental data types in C++: char, int, float, double and void.

Question 5.
Write about int data type.
Answer:
Integers are whole numbers without any fraction. Integers can be positive or negative. Integer data type accepts and returns only integer numbers.
If a variable is declared as an int, C++ compiler allows storing only integer values into it.
If we try to store a fractional value in an int type variable it will accept only the integer portion of the fractional value.

Question 6.
What are the advantages of using float data type?
Answer:
There are two advantages of using float data types.

1. They can represent values between the integers.
2. They can represent a much greater range of values.

Question 7.
What is the disadvantage of using float data type?
Answer:
The floating point operations takes more time to execute compared to the integer type ie., floating point operations are slower than integer operations. This is a disadvantage of floating point operation.

Question 8.
What do you mean by precision?
Answer:
Precision means significant numbers after decimal point of floating point number.

Question 9.
Tabulate the memory allocation for fundamental data types?
Answer:
Memory allocation for fundamental data types

Question 10.
Tabulate the range of value for fundamental data types?
Answer:

Question 11.
What is modifier?
Answer:
Modifiers can be used to modify the memory allocation of any fundamental data type. They are also called as Qualifiers.

Question 12.
What are the modifiers in C++?
Answer:
There are four modifiers used in C++.
They are;

1. signed
2. unsigned
3. long
4. short

Question 13.
What are the two values associated with a variable?
Answer:
There are two values associated with a symbolic variable; they are R-value and L-va!ue.

• R-value is data stored in a memory location.
• L-value is the memory address in which the R-value is stored.

Question 14.
How memory addresses are represented?
Answer:
The memory addresses are in the form of Hexadecimal values.
Example: .
0x134e represents a memory address.

Question 15.
What are garbage or junk values?
Answer:
If we declare a variable without any initial value, the memory space allocated to that variable will be occupied with some unknown value. These unknown values are called as “Junk” or “Garbage” values.

Question 16.
What do you mean by dynamic ¡nitialization
Answer:
A variable can be initialized during the execution of a program. It is known as “Dynamic
initiaIization’
For example: .
int sum = num1+num2;
This initializes sum using the known values of num1 and num2 during the execution.

Question 17.
What is the difference between reference and pointer variable?
Answer:
A reference is an alias for another variable whereas a pointer holds the memory address of a variable.

Question 18.
What is the purpose of manipulators in C++?
Answer:
Manipulators are used to format the output of any C++ program. Manipulators are functions specifically designed to use with the insertion (<<) and extraction>>) operators.

Question 19.
What are the manipulators used in C++?
Answer:
Commonly used manipulators are:
endl, setw, setfill, setprecision and setf.

Question 20.
Write about the endl manipulator.
Answer:
endl (End the Line)
endl is used as a line feeder in C++. It can be used as an alternate to ‘\n’. In other words, endl inserts a new line and then makes the cursor to point to the beginning of the next line.
Example:
cout << “The value of num = ” << num <<endl;

Question 21.
What is the difference between endl and \n.
Answer:
There is a difference between endl and ‘\n’, even though they are performing similar tasks.
endl – Inserts a new line and flushes the buffer (Flush means – clean)
‘\n’ – Inserts only a new line.

Question 22.
Write about setw( ) manipulator.
Answer:
setw ( ) :
setw manipulator sets the width of the field assigned for the output. The field width determines the minimum number of characters to be written in output.
Syntax: ‘
setw(number of characters)
Example:
cout<< setw(25) << “Basic Pay :”<< setw(10)<< basic<< endl;

Question 23.
What is the use of setfill( ) manipulator? setfill ():
Answer:
This manipulator is usually used after setw. If the presented value does not entirely fill the given width, then the specified character in the setfill argument is used for filling the empty fields.
Syntax:
setfill (character);
Example:
cout<<“\n H.R.A :”<<setw(10)< For example, if we assign 1200 to hra, setw accommodates 1200 in a field of width 10 from right to left and setfill fills p in the remaining 6 spaces that are in the beginning. The output will be, 0000001200.

Question 24.
What is the purpose of setprecision() manipulator?
Answer:
setprecision ( ):
This is used to display numbers with fractions in specific number of digits.
Syntax:
setprecision (number of digits);
Example:
float hra = 1200.123;
cout << setprecision (5) << hra;
In the above code, the given value 1200.123 will be displayed in 5 digits including fractions. So, the output will be 1200.1
setprecision ( ) prints the values from left to right. For the above code, first, it will take 4 digits and then prints one digit from fractional portion.

Question 25.
WhIch of the following statements are valid? Why? Also write their result
Inta; .
i) a – (014,3);
ii) a = (5,017)
iii) a = (3,018)
Answer:
i) a = (014,3); – Valid. A will hold 3. (The second value)
ii) a = (5,017) – Valid. 014 ¡s an octal constant. It will be converted into decimal and then stored in a. So, a will hold 15 as its value.
iii) a = (3,018) – Invalid. Because 8 is not an octal digit. (A number starts with 0 is considered as an octal)

Question 26.
Which of the following statements are valid? Why? Also write their result.
inta;
i) a = (3,0xA);
ii) a = (5,0xCAFE)
iii) a = (OXCAFE,0XF)
iv) a = (0XCAFE,0XG)
Answer:
i) a = (3,0xA):
Valid. OxA is a hexadecimal constant. It will be converted into decimal and then stored in a. So, a will hold 10 as its value.
ii) a = (5,0xCAFE):
Valid. OxCAFE is a hexadecimal constant. It will be converted into decimal and then stored in a. So, a will hold 51966 as its value.
iii) a = (OXCAFE,0XF):
Valid. 0XF is a hexadecimal constant. It will be converted into decimal and then stored in a. So, a will hold 15 as its value.
iv) a= (OXCAFE,0XGAB):
Invalid. Because G is not a hexadecimal digit in OXGAB.\

Short Answer 3 Marks

Question 1.
LIstthedattypesinC++.
Answer:

Question 2.
Write about character data type.
Answer:
Character data type accepts and returns all valid ASCII characters. Character data type is often said to be an integer type, since ail the characters are represented in memory by their associated ASCII Codes.
If a variable is declared as char, C++ allows storing either a character or an integer value.
Example:
char c=65;
char ch = ‘A’; Both statements will assign ‘A’ to c and ch.

Question 3.
Write note on double data type.
Answer:
double data type:
This data type is for double precision floating point numbers. The double is also used for handling floating point numbers. But, this type occupies double the space than float type. This means, more fractions can be accommodated in double than in float type.
The double is larger and slower than type float. The double is used in a similar way as that of float data type.

Question 4.
Compare memory allocation by Turbo C++ and Dev C++.
Answer:

Question 5.
What is the purpose of number suffix in C++?
Answer:
There are different suffixes for integer and floating point numbers. Suffix can be used to assign the same value as a different type.
For example, if we want to store 45 in an int, long, unsigned int and unsigned long int, you can use suffix letter L or U (either case) with 45 i.e. 45L or 45U.
This type of declaration instructs the compiler to store the given values as long and unsigned.
‘F’ can be used for floating point values, example: 3.14F

Question 6.
How setprecision( ) is used to set the number of decimal places?
Answer:
setprecision can also be used to set the number of decimal places to be displayed. In order to do this task, we will have to set an ios flag within setf( ) manipulator.
This may be used in two forms:
(i) fixed and
(ii) scientific.
These two forms are used when the keywords fixed or scientific are appropriately used before the setprecision manipulator.
Example:
#include
#indude
using namespace std;
int main()
{
cout.setf(ios::fixed);
cout << setprecision(2)<<0.1;
}
In the above program, ios flag is set to fixed type; it prints the floating point number in fixed notation. So, the output will be, 0.10
cout.setf(ios: scientific); cout << setprecision(2) << 0.1;
In the above statements, ios flag is set to scientific type; it will print the floating point number in scientific notation. So, the output wiil
be, 1.00e-001

Explain In Detail 5 Marks

Question 1.
What is an expression? Explain its types with suitable example.
Answer:
An expression is a combination of operators, constants and variables arranged as per the rules of C++.
An expression may consist of one or more operands, and zero or more operators to produce a value. In C++, there are seven types of expressions as given below.

Question 2.
Explain type conversion in detail.
Answer:
The process of converting one fundamental type into another is called as “Type Conversion”. C++ provides two types of conversions.

1. Implicit type conversion
2. Explicit type conversion

Implicit type conversion:
An Implicit type conversion is a conversion performed by the compiler automatically. So, implicit conversion is also called as “Automatic
conversion “.
This type of conversion is applied usually whenever different data types are intermixed in an expression. If the type of the operands differs, the compiler converts one of them to match with the other, using the rule that the “smaller” type is
converted to the “wider” type, which is called as “Type Promotion”
Example:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
int a=6;
float b =3.14;
cout << a+b
}
In the above program, operand ‘a’ ¡s an mt type and ‘b’ is a float type. During the execution of the program, ‘mt’ is converted into a ‘float because a float is wider than mt.
Hence, the output of the above program will be: 9.14
Explicit type conversion:
C++ allows explicit conversion of variables
or expressions from one data type to another
specific data type by the programmer. It is called
as “type casting”.
Syntax:
(type-name) expression;
Where type-name is a valid C++ data type to which the conversion is to be performed.
Example:
#include<iostream>
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
float varf=78.685;
cout << (int) varf;
}
In the above program, variable varf is declared as a float with an initial value 78.685. The value of varf is explicitly converted to an int type in cout statement. Thus, the final output will be 78.
During explicit conversion, if we assign a value to a type with a greater range, it does not cause any problem. But, assigning a value of a larger type to a smaller type may result in loosing or loss of precision values.
Example:
#include <iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
double varf= 178.25255685;
cout << (float) varf < < endl;
cout << (int) varf << endl;
}
Output
178.253
178

Evaluate Yourself

Question 1.
What do you mean by fundamental data types?
Answer:
C++ provides a predefined set of data types for handling the data items. Such data types are known as fundamental or built-in data types.

Question 2.
The data type char is used to represent characters. Then why is it often termed as an integer type?
Answer:
Character data type is often said to be an integer type, since all the characters are represented in memory by their associated ASCII Codes.

Question 3.
What is the advantage of floating point numbers over integers?
Answer:
Advantages of using float data types.

• They can represent values between the integers.
• They can represent a much greater range of values.

Question 4.
The data type double is another floating point type. Then why is it treated as a distinct data type?
Answer:
The double is also used for handling floating point numbers. But, this type occupies double the space than float type. This means, more fractions can be accommodated in double than in float type.

Question 5.
What is the use of void data type?
Answer:
The literal meaning for void is ’empty space’. In C++, the void data type specifies an empty set of values. It is used as a return type for functions that do not return any value.

Evaluate Yourself

Question 1.
What is modifiers? What is the use of modifiers?
Answer:
Modifiers are used to modify the storing capacity of a fundamental data type except void type.
For example, int data type can store only two bytes of data. In reality, some integer data may have more length and may need more space in memory. In this situation, we should modify the memory space to accommodate large integer values. .
Modifiers can be used to modify the memory allocation of any fundamental data type. They are also called as Qualifiers.

Question 2.
What is wrong with the following C++ statement?
Answer:
long float x;
The modifier long must be associated with only double.

Question 3.
What Is variable? Why a variable called symbolic variable?
Answer:
Variables are user-defined names assigned to specific memory locations in which the values are stored. Variables are also identifiers; and hence,
the rules for naming the identifiers should be followed while naming a variable.
These are called as symbolic variables because these are named locations.

Question 4.
What do you mean by dynamic initialization of a variable? Give an example.
Answer:
A variable can be initialized during the execution of a program. It is known as Dynamic
initialization.
For example:
int sum = num1+num2;
This initializes sum using the known values of num1 and num2 during the execution.

Question 5.
What is wrong with the following statement?
Answer:
const int x ;
In the above statement x must be initialized. It is missing. It may rewritten as
const mt x =10;

Evaluate Yourself

Question 1.
What is meant by type conversion?
Answer:
The process of converting one fundamental type into another is called as “Type Conversion”. C++ provides two types of conversions.

1. Implicit type conversion
2. Explicit type conversion

Question 2.
How implicit conversion different from explicit conversion?
Answer:
An Implicit type conversion is a conversion performed by the compiler automatically. Implicit conversion is also called as “Automatic conversion”.
An explicit conversion of variables or expressions from one data type to another specific data type is by the programmer. It is called as “type casting”.

Question 3.
What is difference between endl and \n?
Answer:
There is a difference between endl and ‘\n’ even though they are performing similar tasks.
endl – Inserts a new line and flushes the buffer (Flush means – dean)
‘\n’ – Inserts only a new line.

Question 4.
What is the use of references?
Answer:
A reference provides an alias for a previously defined variable. Declaration of a reference consists of base type and an & (ampersand) symbol; reference variable name is assigned the value of a previously declared variable.
Syntax:
<&reference_variable>=

Question 5.
What is the use of setprecision ( )?
Answer:
setprecision ( ):
This is used to display numbers with fractions in specific number of digits.
Syntax:
setprecision (number of digits);
Example:
float hra = 1200.123;
cout << setprecision (5) << hra;
The given value 1200.123 will be displayed in 5 digits including fractions. The output will be 1200.1

Hands On Practice

Question 1.
Write C++ programs to interchange the values of two variables.
a) Using with third variable C++PROGRAM:
#include
using namespace std;
int main()
{
intx,y,t;
cout<<“\nEnter two numbers”; cin>>x>>y;
cout<<“\nValues before interchage
x=”<<x<<“\ty=”<<y;
t=x;
x=y;
y=t;
cout<<“\nValues after interchage x=”<<x<<“\ty=”<<y;
return 0;
}
Output

b) Without using third variable C++ PI OGRAM:
#include
using namespace std;
int main ()
{
int x,y;
cout<<“\nEnter two numbers”; cin>>x>>y;
cout<<“\nValues before interchage
x=”<<x<<“\ty=”<<y;
//interchage process without using third
variable
x=x+y;
y=x-y;
x=x-y;
cout<<“\nValues after interchage x=”<<x<<“\ty=”<<y;
return 0;
}
Output

Question 2.
Write C++ programs to do the following:
a) To find the perimeter and area of a quadrant.
C++ PROGRAM:
#include
using namespace std;
int mainQ()
{
float ppm,area;
cout<<“\nEnter radius cin>>r;
area = 3.14 * r * r / 4;
pm = 3.14 * r / 2;
cout<<“\nQuadrant Area = “<<area;
cout<<“\n\nQuadrant Perimeter = “<<pm;
return 0;
}
OutPut

b) To find the area of triangle.
C++ PROGRAM 1:
(Area of triangle when b and h values are known)
#include
using namespace std;
int main()
{
float b,h,area;
cout<<“\nEnter b and h value of triangle cin>>b>>h;
// Area of triangle when b and h values are known
area = b * h / 2;
cout<<“‘\nBase value = “<<b<<“Height = “<<h<<“Triangle Area = “<<area;
return 0;
}
OutPut

C++ PROGRAM 2:
(Area of triangle when three sides are known)
#inciude
#include using namespace std;
int main()
{
float a,b,c,area,s;
cout<<“\nEnter three sides of triangle cin>>a>>b>>c;
//Area of triangle when three sides are known
s = (a+b+c)/2;
area = sqrt(s*(s-a)*(s-b)*(s-c));
cout<<“\n Sidel value = “<<a<<“Side2
value = “<<b<<” Side3 value =”<<c;
cout<<“\nTriangie Area = “<<area;
return 0;
}
Output

c. To convert the temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit.
C++ PROGRAM:
//Convertion of the temperature from Celsius to Fahrenheit
#include< iostream>
using namespace std;
int main()
{
float c,f;
cout<<”\nEnter Celsius value “; cin>>c;
f=9*c/5+32;
cout«”\nTemperature in Celsius = “<<C;
cout < <“\nTemperature in Fahrenheit =
“<<f;
return 0;
}
Output

Question 3.
Write a C++ to find the total and percentage of marks you secured from 10th Standard Public Exam. Display all the marks one-by- one along with total and percentage. Apply formatting functions.
C++ PROGRAM:
#include
#include
using namespace std;
int rnain()
{
int tarn,enm,mam,som,scm,total,avg; char name[30];
cout<<“\nEnter name of the student cin>>name;
cout<<“\nEnterTamil mark”; cin>>tam;
cout<<“\nEnter English mark”; cin>>enm;
cout<<“\nEnter Maths mark “; cin>>mam;
cout<<“\nEnter Science mark “; cin>>scm;
cout<<“\nEnter Social Science mark”; cin>>som; .
total = tarn + enm + mam + scm + som; avg = total / 5;
cout<<“\n\t\tlOth Standard Public Exam Mark”<<end!<<endl;
cout<<setw(30)<<“Name of the student «name<<endk<endl;
cout<<setw(30)<<setfill(“)<<“Tamil mark
< <setw(3)< <setfill(‘0’)< <tam< cout<<setw(30)<<setfillC ‘)<<“English
mark “<setw(3)<<setfill(‘0’)<<enm< cout<<setw(30)<<setfillC ‘)<<“Maths mark
< <setw(3)< <setfillCO’)< <mam< <endl< <endl;
cout<<setw(30)<<setfillC ‘)<<“Science
mark :”<<setw(3)<<setfill(‘0’)<<scm< cout< < setw(3G) < < setfi 11C ‘) < < “Soda I
Science mark :”<<setw(3)<<setfillC0’)< cout<<setw(30)<<setfillC ‘)«’Total Marks <<setw(3)<<setfillC0’)<<totak<endk<endl;
cout<<setw(30)«setfillC ‘)«”Average mark:”
<<setw(3)<<setfill(‘0’)< return 0;
}
Output

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Guide Pdf Chapter 12 DNS (Domain Name System) Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 12 DNS (Domain Name System)

12th Computer Applications Guide DNS (Domain Name System) Text Book Questions and Answers

Part I

Choose The Correct Answers
Question 1.
Which of the following is used to maintain all the directory of domain names?
a) Domain name system
b) Domain name space
c) Name space
d) IP address
Answer:
a) Domain name system

Question 2.
Which of the following notation is used to denote IPv4 addresses?
a) Binary
b) Dotted-decimal
c) Hexadecimal
d) a and b
Answer:
d) a and b

Question 3.
How many bits are used in the IPv addresses?
a) 32
b) 64
c) 128
d) 16
Answer:
c) 128

Question 4.
Expansion of URL is
a) Uniform Resource Location
b) Universal Resource Location
c) Uniform Resource Locator
d) Universal Resource Locator
Answer:
c) Uniform Resource Locator

Question 5.
How many types are available in Relative URL?
a) 2
b) 3
c) 4
d) 5
Answer:
a) 2

Question 6.
Maximum characters used in the label of a node?
a) 255
b) 128
c) 63
d) 32
Answer:
c) 63

Question 7.
In domain name, sequence of labels are separated by
a) ;
b) .(dot)
c) :
d) NULL
Answer:
b) .(dot)

Question 8.
Pick the odd one out from the following.
a) node
b) label
c) domain
d) server
Answer:
d) server

Question 9.
Which of the following initiates the mapping of the domain name to IP address?
a) Zone
b) Domain
c) Resolver
d) Name servers
Answer:
b) Domain

Question 10.
Which is the contiguous area up to which the server has access?
a) Zone
b) Domain
c) Resolver
d) Name servers
Answer:
a) Zone

Question 11.
ISP stands for
a) International Service provider
b) Internet Service Provider
c) Internet service Protocol
d) Index service provider
Answer:
b) Internet Service Provider

Question 12.
TLD stands for
a) Top Level Data
b) Top Logical Domain
c) Term Level Data
d) Top Level Domain
Answer:
d) Top Level Domain

Question 13.
Which of the following statements are true?
i) Domains name is a part of URL.
ii) URL made up of four parts
iii) The relative URL is a part of the Absolute URL
iv) URL doesn’t contain any protocol
a) i & ii
b) ii
c) i, ii & iii
d) i, ii & iv
Answer:
b) ii

Question 14.
Assertion (A): The number of addresses used in the IPv6 addressing method is 128.
Reason (R): IPv6 address is a 128-bit unique address.
a) A is true and R is false.
b) A is false and R is true.
c) Both A and R are correct and R is the correct explanation of A.
d) Both A and R are correct and R is not the correct explanation of A.
Answer:
b) A is false and R is true.

Question 15.
Match the following
a. domain – 1. The progress that initiates translation
b. zone – 2. contains a database of domain names
c. name server 3. single node
d. resolver 4. contiguous nodes
a. 1432
b. 3421
c. 3214
d. 3412
Answer:
a. 1432

Part II

Short Answers

Question 1.
List any four domain names.
Answer:
Domain Name:

1. com
2. edu
3. gov
4. mil

Meaning:

1. Commercial Organisation
2. Educational Institution
3. Government (US)
4. Military groups

Question 2.
What is an IP address?
Answer:

• Internet Protocol (IP) address is simply the logical address in the network layer.
• Like how the door number/flat number is used to 10. differentiate individual house from others in the same apartment
• IP address is also used to find the host system in the whole network.

Question 3.
What are the types of IP address?
Answer:

1. IPv4 Address
2. IPv6 Address

Question 4.
What is an URL?
Answer:

• URL (Uniform Resource Locator) is the address of a document on the Internet.
• URL is made up four parts-protocols, hostname, folder name and file name.

Question 5.
List out four URLs you know.
Answer:
URL:

1. http: //www. example.com/index, html
2. http://www.computer.com
3. http://www.ibm.com
4. https://www.hellotravel.com

Question 6.
What are the types of URLs?
Answer:
Depending on the location of the document the URL is divided into 2 types

1. 1. Absolute URL
   2. Relative URL

Question 7.
What is a domain?
Answer:

• A domain is a single node of the Domain Namespace.
• In the domain name space (DNS) tree structure domain is a sub structure tree. The domain can be further divided into sub domains.

Question 8.
What is a zone?
Answer:

• Zone is the contiguous part up to which the server has access.
• The domain assigned for the server does not divide into further subdomains the zone is the same as the domain.

Question 9.
What is a resolver?
Answer:

• Resolver is a program which is responsible for initiating the translation of a domain name into an IP address.
• A host system need to map domain name to IP address or vice versa according to the call and that work is done by resolver.

Question 10.
What are the categories available in domain name space?
Answer:
There are 3 important components in the Domain Name System. They are Namespace, Name server and Zone.

Question 11.
Write any four generic Top-Level Domain.
Answer:

Part III

Explain In Brief Answer

Question 1.
Write a note on DNS.
Answer:

• Domain name space was designed to achieve a hierarchical namespace.
• In this, the names are represented as a tree-like structure with a root element on the top and this tree can have a maximum of 128 levels starting from the root element taking the level 0 to level 127.

Question 2.
Differentiate IPv4 and IPv6.
Answer:

Question 3.
Differentiate Domain name and URL
Answer:

Question 4.
What are the differences between Absolute URL and Relative URL?
Answer:

Question 5.
Write a note on the domain name.
Answer:

1. Domain name is the sequence of labels. In domain name the sequence of labels are separated ‘ by dot (.).
2. The domain name is always read from the lower level to higher level i.e., from the leaf node to root node.
3. Since the root node always represents NULL string, all the domain name ending with dot.

Question 6.
Differentiate web address and URL
Answer:

Part IV

Explain In Detail

Question 1.
Explain briefly the components of DNS.
Answer:

DNS Components:
There are three important components in the Domain Name System. They are:

1. Namespace
2. Name server
3. Zone

1. Name Space:

• The domain names must be very unique and appropriate. The names should be selected from a namespace.
• The name space can be organized in two ways
• Flat name space
• Hierarchical name space
• Flat name space is where the name is assigned to the IP address. They do not have any specific structure.
• Hierarchical name space is where the name is made up of several parts. The first part may represent the nature of organization, the second part may represent the name of organization, and third part may represent the department of the organization.
• Domain name space was designed to achieve hierarchical name space.

2. Name Servers:

• The information which needs to be stored in Domain name space is quite large. Single system would be inefficient to store such a huge amount as responding to requests from all over the world. It also becomes unreliable because in case of any failure the data becomes inaccessible.
• Name Server is a main part in the Domain Name System (DNS). It trAnswer:late the domain names to IP addresses.
• Name server contains the DNS database which consists of domain names and their corresponding IP addresses.
• There is a need to store large number of domain names for the world wide usage, so plenty of servers are used in the hierarchical manner.
• Name servers do the important task of searching the domain names. While you searching a website, Local Name server (provided by ISP) asks the different name servers until one of them find out your Answer. At last, it returns IP address for that domain name.

3. Zone:

• The entire namespace is divided into many different zones. It is the area up to which the server has access.
• Zone is defined as a group of contiguous domains and sub-domains. If the zone has a single domain, then the zone and domain are the same.
• Every zone has a server which contains a database called a zone file. Using the zone file, the DNS server replies the queries about hosts in its zone. There are two copies of zone files available, Master file and slave file.

Question 2.
Classify and Explain the IP address.
Answer:

• Internet Protocol (IP) address is simply the logical address in the network layer.
• Like how the door number/flat number is used to differentiate an individual house from others in the same apartment.
• An IP address is also used to find the host system in the whole network.
• Due to increase in the number of system in a network, there is a need of more addresses which lead to two addressing methods i.e., IPv4 and IPv6.

IPv4 Address

• It IPv4 address is a 32-bit unique address given to a computer system.
• No two systems can have same IP address.
• If the network has p connections then ‘ip’ addresses should be there.
• An address space is the total number of address¬es that can be made by that protocol.
• It is determined by the number of bits that the protocol used.
• If the protocol uses ‘n’ bits then the address space of that protocol would be ‘2n’ addresses can be formed. So, the number of addresses that can be formed in IPv4 is 232,
• There are two ways to represent the IP address
  • Binary notation
  • Dotted-decimal notation
• In binary notation the address is expressed as 32-bit binary values.
  • For E.g. 00111001 10001001 111000 00000111
• In dotted-decimal notation the address is written in decimal format separated by dots(.). For e.g. 128.143.137.144

IPv6 Address

• IPv6 address is a 128-bit unique address given to a computer system.
• The number of addresses that can be formed in IPv6 is 2128. In IPv6 address, the 128 bits are divided into eight 16-bits blocks.
• Each block is then changed into 4-dig¬it Hexadecimal numbers separated by colon symbols.
• E.g. 2001:0000:32313:DFE1:0063:0000:0000:F EFB.a

Question 3.
Explain about the name server?
Answer:
Name Servers:
1. The information which needs to be stored in the Domain namespace is quite large. A single system would be inefficient and insufficient to store such a huge amount as responding to requests from all over the world. It also becomes unreliable because in case of any failure the data becomes inaccessible.

2. The solution to this problem is to distribute the information among many computers. The best way to do that is to divide the entire space into many domains and subdomains

3. DNS also allows domains to be further divided into subdomains. By this, the solution to the problem is obtained and the hierarchy of servers is also maintained.

4. Name servers store the data and provide it to clients when queried by them. Name Servers are programs that run on a physical system and store all the zone data.

5. Name Server is a main part in the Domain Name System (DNS). It translates the domain names to IP addresses.

6. Name server contains the DNS database which consists of domain names and their corresponding IP addresses.

7. There is a need to store large number of domain names for worldwide usage, so plenty of servers are used in a hierarchical manner.

8. Name servers do the important task of searching the domain names. While you searching a website, the Local Name server (provided by ISP) ask the different name servers until one of them find out your Answer. At last it returns IP address for that domain name.

Types of Name Servers
There are three types of Name Servers which control the entire Domain Name System:
(i) Root Name Server – top-level server which contains entire DNS tree, maintained by ICANN.
There are 13 servers.

(ii) Primary/Master Name Server – contains a zone resource records. These records are updatable by domain name holders such as organizations.

(iii) Secondary/Slave Name Server – contains a copy of primary server files. This server has no authority to update, but reduce the workload of master server by sharing the queries.

Question 4.
What is domain name space? Explain.
Answer:

• Domain name space was designed to achieve hierarchical name space.
• In this, the names are represented as a tree like structure with root element on the top and this tree can have a maximum of 128 levels starting from root element taking the level 0 to level 127.
• The domain namespace where the root element is present at the top most level i.e., level 0.
• The root element always represents the NULL string (empty string).
• The next level to the root element is node (children of root element). Each node in the tree has a label and a domain name.

Label:

• It is a string which can have maximum of 63 characters.
• Each node in that level should have different labels thereby assuring the individuality of the domain name.
• In other words, Labels are the names given to domains.
• Domain is a sub tree in domain name space tree structure. The domain can be further divided into sub domains.

Domain name

• It is the sequence of labels. In domain name the sequence of labels are separated by dot (.).
• The domain name is always read from the lower level to higher level i.e., from the leaf node to root node.
• Since the root node always represent NULL string, all the domain name ending with dot.

Basic rules of Domain names

• Domain can consists of Alphabets a through z, and the digits 0 through 9.
• Hyphens are allowed, but hyphens cannot be used as first character of a domain name.
• Spaces are not alloweds
• Special symbols (such as !, $, &,. not permitted.

Question 5.
Explain how the DNS is working.
Answer:

1. When the user enters the URL (consists of a protocol, domain name, folder name, filename) in the browser, the system fist checks its DNS cache for the corresponding IP address.
2. If the IP address is found in the cache then the information is retrieved from the cache.
3. If not, then the system needs to perform a DNS query i.e., the system needs to query the resolver about the IP address from Internet Service Provider (ISP).
4. Each resolver has its own cache and if it is found in that then that information is retrieved.
5. If not, then the query is passed to the next domain server i.e., TLD (Top Level Domain) which reviews the request and directs the query to name servers associated with that specific domain.
6. Until the query is solved it is passed to next level domains. At last, the mapping and the record are returned to the resolver who checks whether the returned value is a record or an error.
7. Then the resolver returns the record back to the computer browser which is then viewed by the user.

12th Computer Applications Guide DNS (Domain Name System) Additional Important Questions and Answers

Part A

Choose The Correct Answers:

Question 1.
Expand DNS?
(a) Direct Name Server
(b) Domain Name System
(c) Domain Name Security
(d) Direct Name Service
Answer:
(b) Domain Name System

Question 2.
For the communication to takes place, the information should pass through …………… layers
a) six
b) two
c) end to end
d) Seven
Answer:
d) IP addresses

Question 3.
While typing a web address, DNS translates it into a machine-friendly IP address.
(a) True
(b) False
Answer:
(a) True

Question 4.
DNS provides the domain name to IP address mapping through ………….
a) IP address
b) Name Servers
c) domain
d) URL
Answer:
b) Name Servers

Question 5.
Paul V. Mockapetris together with ………………. invented the Internet Domain Name System (DNS).
a) Jon Postel
b) Dennis Ritchie
c) James Gostling
d) Carrelli
Answer:
a) Jon Postel

Question 6.
IP stands for …………………
(a) Input process
(b) Input
(c) Internet Protocol
(d) Internet Power
Answer:
(c) Internet Protocol

Question 7.
……………….. is available below the root domain.
a) IANA
b) IPv4
c) IPv6
d) TLD
Answer:
d) TLD

Question 8.
How many IP addressing methods are there?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 4
Answer:
(b) 2

Question 9.
…………. is a program running on a dedicated machine which handles the queries of www end-user.
a) Webserver
b) Web Host
c) DNS
d) HTML
Answer:
a) Webserver

Question 10.
If the protocol uses ‘n’ bits then the address space of that protocol would be …………………….
(a) n
(b) n2
(c) 2n
(d) 2ⁿ
Answer:
(d) 2ⁿ

Fill in The Blanks.

1. …………… is a logical address used to uniquely identify a computer over the Network.
Answer:
IP address

2. IPv4 address is a …………… unique address given to a computer or a device.
Answer:
32 bit

3. IPv6 address is a ……………. unique address given to a computer or a device.
Answer:
128 bit

4. …………… follows Hexadecimal number notation.
Answer:
IPv6

5. ……………. is the address of a document on the Internet.
Answer:
URL (Uniform Resource Locator)

6. ……………… contains only folder name and the file name or just the file name.
Answer:
Relative URL

7. …………….. is a tree-like structure with a root element on the top.
Answer:
Domain namespace.

8. The domain name is always read from the …………….
Answer:
leaf node to root node.

9. In the domain name space (DNS) tree structure …………… is a substructure tree.
Answer:
domain

10. …………. are programs that run on a physical system and store all the zone data.
Ans :
Name Servers

11. ……………….. provides to clients when queried by them.
Answer:
Name Servers

12. ……………. non-profit organization which regulates the Internet.
Answer:
ICANN

13. ………….. is an affiliated authority of ICANN.
Answer:
IANA (Internet Assigned Numbers Authority)

14. ……………… is a group of contiguous domains and subdomains in the Domain Name Space.
Answer:
Zone

Assertion And Reason

Question 1.
Assertion (A): Domain Name System (DNS) maintains all the directory of domain names and helps us to access the websites using the domain names.
Reason(R): t translates the domain name into an IP address.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
c) (A) is true and (R) is false
d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Answer:
c) (A) is true and (R) is false

Question 2.
Assertion (A): IPv4 address is a 64-bit unique address.
Reason(R): There are two ways to represent the IP address: Binary notation, Dotted-decimal notation.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
c) (A) is true and (R) is false
d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Answer:
d) (A) is false and (R) is true

Question 3.
Assertion (A): Label is a string
Reason(R): Label can have a maximum of 63 characters
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
c) (A) is true and (R) is false
d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Answer:
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Question 4.
Assertion (A): Domain namespace is a tree-like structure with a root element on the top
Reason(R); it can have a maximum of 127 levels starting from the root element
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
c) (A) is true and (R) is false
d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Answer:
c) (A) is true and (R) is false

Question 5.
Assertion (A): The Resolver is a service of ICANN
Reason(R): Resolver, a client/ server application, initiates the process of resolving the domain names.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
c) (A) is true and (R) is false
d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Answer:
d) (A) is false and (R) is true

Question 6.
Assertion (A): URL Stands for Uniform Resource Locator
Reason(R): URL- the address of a specific web page or file on the Internet.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
c) (A) is true and (R) is false
d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Answer:
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Question 7.
Assertion (A): A web server is a program running on a dedicated machine which handles the queries of the www end user.
Reason(R): A web server is a type of Web Host.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
c) (A) is true and (R) is false
d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Answer:
c) (A) is true and (R) is false

Find The Odd One On The Following

1. (a) File Name
(b) Protocol
(c) HTML
(d) Host Name
Answer:
(c) HTML

2. (a) Label
(b) Namespace
(c) Name server
(d) Zone
Answer:
(a) Label

3. (a) Flat Namespace
(b) Domain Namespace
(c) Host Namespace
(d) Hierarchical Namespace
Answer:
(c) Host Namespace

4. (a) Tree Like Structure
(b) 128 Levels
(c) NULL string
(d) Flat Namespace
Answer:
(d) Flat Namespace

5. (a) .com
(b) -ta
(c) .gov
(d) .nic
Answer:
(b) -ta

6. (a) com
(b) net
(c) bd
(d) info
Answer:
(c) bd

7. (a) India
(b) Malaysia
(c) Singapore
(d) Srilanka
Answer:
(b) Malaysia

8. (a) Name server
(b) DNS Database
(c) IP Address
(d) HTTP
Answer:
(d) HTTP

9. (a) Primary Name Server
(b) Secondary Name Server
(c) Node Name Server
(d) Root Name Server
Answer:
(c) Node Name Server

10. (a) Host
(b) Webserver
(c) DNS server
(d) Namespace
Answer:
(d) Namespace

11. (a) Name server
(b) Resolver
(c) ICANN
(d) Zone
Answer:
(c) ICANN

12. (a) 32 bit
(b) Binary Notation
(c) Hexadecimal
(d) Dotted decimal
Answer:
(c) Hexadecimal

13. (a) WHOIS
(b) ICANN
(c) IAN
(d) FORTRAN
Answer:
(d) FORTRAN

14. (a) 128bit
(b) 16block
(c) Hexadecimal
(d) Binary notation
Answer:
(d) Binary notation

15. (a) in
(b) cn
(c) gov
(d) pk
Answer:
(c) gov

Very Short Answers

Question 1.
What is a domain?
Answer:
A domain is a single node of the Domain Namespace.

Question 2.
What is Zone?
Answer:
A zone is a subset of the Domain namespace generally stored in a file.

Question 3.
What is Domain Name Space?
Answer:
Domain Namespace is an entire collection of Domains, Subdomains, and Zones.

Question 4.
What is a Name Server?
Answer:
Name server manages the database of domain names and corresponding IP addresses.

Question 5.
What does the zone contain?
Answer:
A zone can contain more than one subdomain.

Question 6.
What does the server contain?
Answer:
A server can contain more than one zone file (Zones).

Domain Name Meaning

Part B

Short Answers

Question 1.
Name the four parts of the URL?
Answer:
URL is made up of four parts-protocols, hostname, folder name, and file name. Each part has its own specific functions. Depending on the applications, additional information can be added to the URL but the common and fundamental URL consists of these four parts.

Question 2.
List the three components of DNS?
Answer:

1. NameSpace
2. Name server
3. Zone

Question 3.
What is a Label?
Answer:

• The label is a string which can have a maximum of 63 characters.
• Each node in that level should have different labels thereby assuring the individuality of the domain name.

Question 4.
Name the three domain names used in Tamil language?
Answer:
India,
Singapore,
Srilanka.

Question 5.
What is the Inverse domain?
Answer:
Inverse domain performs the opposite task of the normal DNS query. It converts the IP address to the domain name.

Question 6.
What is Zone File?
Answer:
Every zone has a server which contains a database called a zone file.

Question 7.
What are the two copies of the zone file?
Answer:
There are two copies of zone files available, they are

1. Masterfile
2. Slave file.

Question 7.
Write the demerits of the Flat namespace?
Answer:
The major disadvantage of flat namespaces is that they cannot be used in large systems. Because they need to be accessed and controlled centrally to avoid ambiguity and redundancy.

Part C

Explain In Brief Answer

Question 1.
What are the fundamentals of URL?
Answer:

• URL is made up of four parts-protocols, hostname, folder name, and file name.
• Each part has its own specific functions. Depending on the applications, additional information can be added to the URL but the common and fundamental URL consists of these four parts.

• • Protocol
  • Domain name/Hostname
  • Folders
  • Filename with extension

Question 2.
What is meant by Label?
Answer:
Label:
It is a string which can have a maximum of 63 characters. Each node in that level should have different labels thereby assuring the individuality of the domain name. In other words, Labels are the names given to domains. The domain is a subtree in the domain name space tree structure. The domain can be further divided into subdomains.

Question 3.
Write a note on Country top-level domain names.
Answer:

• Country domain uses 2-character country abbreviation according to country.
• For e.g., google.in – for INDIA, Google’s for US.Some of the Domain Name and their meaning listed below.
  table

Question 4.
Explain the types of Name servers?
Answer:
Types of Name Servers:
There are three types of Name Servers which control the entire Domain Name System:
Root Name Server – top-level server which contains the entire DNS tree, maintained by ICANN. There are 13 servers.

Primary/Master Name Server- contains zone resource records. These records are updatable by domain name holders such as organizations.

Secondary/Slave Name Server – contains a copy of primary server files. This server has no authority to update but reduces the workload of the master server by sharing the queries.

Part IV

Explain In Detail

Question 1.
Explain the Basic rules of Domain names?
Answer:
Basic rules of Domain names:

1. A domain can consist of Alphabets a through z, and the digits 0 through 9.
2. Hyphens are allowed, but hyphens can not be used as the first character of a domain name.
3. Spaces are not allowed.
4. Special symbols (such as ! $, &, _ and so on) are not permitted, length of 2, and the maximum length of 63 characters.
5. The entire name may be at most 253 characters long.
6. Domain names are not case-sensitive.(It may be upper, lower, or mixing of both case letters)

Question 2.
Write a note on the Hierarchical namespace?
Answer:

• To avoid the major disadvantage of the Flat namespace, the hierarchical namespace is used in large.
• A hierarchical namespace is where the name is made up of several parts.
  • The first part may represent the nature of the organization,
  • The second part may represent the name of the organization, and
  • Third-party may represent the department of the organization and so on.
• In this way, the power to control the namespace can be decentralized.
• The centralized authority can be given to nature and then the name of the organization and so on.
• To achieve a hierarchical namespace, Domain Name Space was designed.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Guide Pdf Chapter 13 Network Cabling Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 13 Network Cabling

12th Computer Applications Guide Network Cabling Text Book Questions and Answers

Part I

Choose The Correct Answers

Question 1.
ARPANET stands for
a) American Research Project Agency Network
b) Advanced Research Project Area Network
c) Advanced Research Project Agency Network
d) American Research Programs And Network
Answer:
c) Advanced Research Project Agency Network

Question 2.
WWW was invented by
a) Tim Berners Lee
b) Charles Babbage
c) Blaise Pascal
d) John Napier
Answer:
a) Tim Berners Lee

Question 3.
Which cable is used in cable TV to connect with setup box?
a) UTP cable
b) Fibre optics
c) Coaxial cable
d) USB cable
Answer:
c) Coaxial cable

Question 4.
Expansion of UTP is
a) Uninterrupted Twisted Pair
b) Uninterrupted Twisted Protocol
c) Unshielded Twisted Pair
d) Universal Twisted Protocol
Answer:
c) Unshielded Twisted Pair

Question 5.
Which medium is used in the optical fibre cables to transmit data?
a) Microwave
b) infra red
c) light
d) sound
Answer:
c) light

Question 6.
Which of the following is a small peripheral device with a sim slot to connect the computers to Internet?
a) USB
b) Dongles
c) Memory card
d) Mobiles
Answer:
a) USB

Question 7.
Which connector is used in the Ethernet cables?
a) RJ11
b) RJ21
c) RJ61
d) RJ45
Answer:
d) RJ45

Question 8.
Which of the following connector is called as champ connector?
a) RJ11
b) RJ21
c) RJ61
d) RJ45
Answer:
b) RJ21

Question 9.
How many pins are used in RJ45 cables?
a) 8
b) 6
c) 50
d) 25
Answer:
a) 8

Question 10.
Which wiring standard is used for connecting two computers directly?
a) straight Through wiring
b) Cross Over wiring
c) Rollover wiring
d) None
Answer:
b) Cross Over wiring

Question 11.
Pick the odd one out from the following cables
a) roll over
b) cross over
c) null modem
d) straight through
Answer:
c) null modem

Question 12.
Match the following
1. Ethernet – Port
2. RJ45 connector – Ethernet
3. RJ45 jack – Plug
4. RJ45 cable – 802.3
a) 1, 2, 4, 3
b) 4, 1, 3, 2
c) 4, 3, 1, 2
d) 4, 2, 1, 3
Answer:
d) 4, 2, 1, 3

Part II

Short Answers

Question 1.
Write a note on twisted pair cable?
Answer:

• Twisted Pair Cables is a type of cable with two or more insulated wires twisted together.
• It started with the speed of 10 Mbps (10BASE-T cable is used).
• It started with the speed of 10 Mbps (10BA.SE-T cable is used).
• Then the cable is improved and the speed was higher and went to 100 Mbps and the cable was renamed 100BASE-TX.

Question 2.
What are the uses of USB cables?
Answer:

• The Universal Serial Bus is used to connect the keyboard, mouse, and other peripheral devices.
• Micro USB is a miniaturized version of the USB used for connecting mobile devices such as smartphones, GPS devices, and digital cameras.

Question 3.
Write a note on the types of RJ45 connectors?
Answer:

1. Wiring schemes specify how the wires to be connected with the RJ45 connector.
2. There are two wiring schemes available to terminate the twisted-pair cable on each end, which are
   • T-568A
   • T-568B.

Question 4.
What is an Ethernet port?
Answer:

• The Ethernet port is the jack where the Ethernet cable is to be connected.
• This port will be there In both the computers and the LAN port.

Question 5.
What is the use of the Crimping tool?
Answer:
A crimping tool is a physical tool which is used to connect the patch wire and the Ethernet connector. The tool will puncture the connector and makes the wire set in the connector.

Question 6.
What are the types of twisted pair cables?
Answer:
There are two types of twisted pair cables, Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) and Shielded Twisted pair (STP). The UTP is used nowadays as modem cables for the Internet and they are lower in cost and installation and maintenance is easy compared to the coaxial cables.

Question 7.
What is meant by champ connector?
Answer:
The RJ-21 connector has 50 pins with 25 pins at one end and 25 pins at the other end. It is also called a champ connector or Amphenol connector. The Amphenol is a connector manufacturer. The RJ-21 interface is typically used for data communication trucking applications.

Part III

Explain In Brief Answer

Question 1.
Write a note on crossover cables.
Answer:

• If you require a cable to connect two computers or Ethernet devices directly together without a hub, then you will need to use a Crossover cable instead.
• The easiest way to make a crossover cable is to make one end to T568A colour coding and the other end to T568B.
• Another way to make the cable is to remember the colour coding used in this type. Here Green set of wires at one end are connected with the Orange set of wires at another end and vice versa.

Question 2.
Write a short note on RJ45 connector?
Answer:
RJ45 Connector:

1. The RJ45 connector is a small plastic cup which will be used to connect the wire inside the connector and ready to connect to the Internet.
2. The RJ45 connector looks similar to a telephone jack but it looks slightly wider. The Ethernet cables are sometimes called RJ45 cables.
3. In RJ45 the “RJ” stands for the Registered Jack and the “45” simply refers to the number of interface standards in the cable.

Question 3.
What are the differences between serial and parallel ports?
Answer:

Question 4.
What is meant by a null modem cable?
Answer:
RS-232 cable is also used for interconnecting two computers without a modem. So it is also a null-modem cable. A cable interconnecting two devices directly are known as a null-modem cable.

Question 5.
What are the components involved in Ethernet cabling?
Answer:
The three main components are used in the Ethernet cabling components are

1. Patch Cable (Twisted pair)
2. RJ45 Connector
3. Ethernet Ports
4. Crimping Tool

Question 6.
What are the types of Fibre optic cables?
Answer:
There are two types of fiber optic cables available.

1. One is single-mode (100BaseBx)
2. Multimode (lOOBaseSX).
   • Single-mode cables are used for long-distance transmission and at a high cost
   • Multimode cables are used for short-distance transmission at a very low cost.

Part IV

Explain In Detail

Question 1.
What is meant by Registered Jack? Explain briefly the types of Jacks.
Answer:
Registered Jacks:

• A Registered Jack commonly known as RJ is a network interface used for network cabling, wiring, and jack construction.
• The primary function of the registered jack is to connect different data equipment and telecommunication devices.
• The commonly known registered jacks are RJ-11, RJ-45, RJ-21, and RJ-28.
• The registered jack refers to the male physical connector (Plug), a female physical connector (Jack) and it’s the wiring.

RJ-11:

• It is the most popular modern form of the registered jack.
• It is found in the home and office.
• This registered jack is mainly used in telephone and landlines.
• There are 6 pins where
  • The two pins give the transmission configuration,
  • The two pins give the receiver configuration and
  • The other two pins will be kept for reserved.
  • The two pin will have the positive terminal and the negative terminal.

RJ-14 and RJ-61:

• The RJ-14 is the same as RJ-11 which will be used for telephone lines where same it as 6 pins whereas the RJ-61 will have 8 pins.
• This RJ-61 will use the twisted pair cable with a modular connection.

RJ-21:

• The RJ-21 connector has 50 pins with 25 pins at one end and 25 pins at the other end.
• It is also called as champ connector or Amphenol connector.
• The Amphenol is a connector manufacturer.
• The RJ-21 interface is typically used for data communication trucking applications.

Question 2.
Explain wiring techniques used in Ethernet cabling.
Answer:

• There are three types of wiring techniques to construct the Ethernet cable.
• It is also known as color coding techniques. They are
  • Straight-Through Wiring
  • Cross-over Wiring
  • Roll-over Wiring

Straight-Through Wiring

• In general, the Ethernet cables used for Ethernet connections are “straight through cables”.
• These cable wires are in the same sequence at both ends of the cable, which means that pin 1 of the plug on one end is connected to pin 1 of the plug on the other end (for both standard – T568A & T568B).
• The straight through wiring cables are mostly used for connecting PC / NIC card to a hub.
• This is a simple physical connection used in printers, computers and other network interfaces.

Cross-over Wiring

• Crossover cable is used to to connect two com¬puters or Ethernet devices directly together without a hub.
• The pairs(Tx and Rx lines) will be crossed which means pin 1 & 2 of the plug on one end are connected with pin 3 & 6 of the plug on other end, and vice versa (3 & 6 to pin 1 & 2).
• The Null modem Cables are the example of the crossover cables.

Roll-over Wiring

• Rollover cable is a type of null-modem cable that is often used to connect a device console port to make programming changes to the device.
• The rollover wiring have opposite pin arrangements, all the cables are rolled over to different arrangements.
• In the rollover cable, the colored wires are reversed on other end i.e. the pins on one end are connected with other end in reverse order.
• Rollover cable is also known as Yost cable or Console cable. It is typically flat (and light blue color) to distinguish it from other types of network cabling.

Question 3.
Explain about RJ45 connector.
Answer:

• The RJ45 connector is a small plastic cup which will be used to connect the wire inside the connector and ready to connect the Internet.
• The RJ45 connector looks similar like a telephone jack but it looks a slightly wider.
• The Ethernet cables are sometime called as RJ45 cables.
• In RJ45 the “RJ” stands for the Registered Jack and the “45” simply refers to the number of interface standard in the cable.
• Each RJ45 connector has eight pins and connected to each end of the Ethernet cable, since it has 8-position, 8-contact (8P8C) modular plug,
• It is also known as 8P8C connector. These plugs (connector) are then inserted into Ethernet port of the network card.

Wiring schemes and color codes of the connector

• The RJ45 connector has eight small jack inside to connect eight small wires of the patch cable.
• The eight cables are in eight different colors. Let’s discuss that eight colors and where does that eight colors connect to the RJ45 connector.
• Wiring schemes specifies how the wires to be connected with RJ45 connector. There are two wiring schemes available to terminate the twisted-pair cable on each end, which are T-568A and T-568B.
• Although four pairs of wires are available in the cable, Ethernet uses only two pairs: Orange and Green. The other two colors (blue and brown) can be used ISDN or phone connections.

Question 4.
Explain the components used in Ethernet cabling.
Answer:

The main components are used in the Ethernet cabling are

1. Patch Cable (Twisted pair)
2. RJ45 Connector
3. Ethernet Ports
4. Crimping Tool

1. Patch Cable (Twisted Pair):
1. These Cables are generally made up of 8 wires in different colors.

2. Four of them are solid colours, and the others are striped.
3. The eight colors are white green, green, white orange, blue, white blue, orange, white brown and brown. The following figure 13.8 shows the patch cable.
Ethernet cables are normally manufactured in several industrial standards such as Cat 3, Cat 5, Cat 6, Cat 6e and cat 7. “Cat” simply stands for “Category,”. Increasing the size of the cable also lead to slower transmission speed.

4. The cables together with male connectors (RJ45) on each end are commonly referred as Ethernet cables. It is also called as RJ45 cables, since Ethernet cable uses RJ45 connectors.

2. RJ45 Connector:

• The RJ45 connector is a small plastic cup which will be used to connect the wire inside the connector and ready to connect the Internet.
• The RJ45 connector looks similar like a telephone jack but it looks a slightly wider.
• The Ethernet cables are sometime called as RJ45 cables.
• In RJ45 the “RJ” stands for the Registered Jack and the “45” simply refers to the number of interface standard in the cable.
• Each RJ45 connector has eight pins and connected to each end of the Ethernet cable.
• Since it has 8-position, 8-contact (8P8C) modular plug, It is also known as 8P8C connector. Th£se plugs (connector) are then inserted into Ethernet port of the network card.

3. Ethernet card and Port:

• Ethernet card is a Network Interface Card (NIC) that allows computers to connect and transmit data to the devices on the network. It may be an expansion card or built-in type.
• Expansion card is a separate circuit board also called as PCI Ethernet card which is inserted into PCI slot on motherboard of a computer.
• Now a days most of the computers come with built-in Ethernet cards which resides on motherboard.
• Wireless Ethernet cards are also available, which uses radio waves to transmit data.
• Ethernet port is an opening which is a part of an Ethernet card. It accepts RJ45 connector with Ethernet cable. It is also called as RJ45 jack. It is found on personal computers, laptops, routers, switches, hubs and modems.
• In these days, most of the computers and laptops have a built-in Ethernet port for connecting the device to a wired network.

4. Crimping Tool:

• Crimping is the process of joining two or more pieces of metal or wire by deforming one or both of them to hold each other.
• A crimping tool is a physical tool which is used to connect the patch wire and the Ethernet connector.
• The tool will puncture the connector and makes the wire set in the connector.

Question 5.
Explain the type of Network cables?
Answer:
There are many types of cables available in networking. Here we discuss six different cables.
1. Coaxial Cables:

• This cable is used to connect the television sets to home antennas and transfer the information in 10 Mbps,
• It is divided into thinnet and thicknet cables.
• These cables have a copper wire inside and insulation Is covered on the top of the copper wire to provide protection to the cable.
• These cables are very difficult to install and maintain because they are too big to carry and replace.
• The coaxial cable got its name by the word “coax”. Nowadays coaxial cables are also used for dish TV where the setup box and the television is connected using the coaxial cable only.
• Some of the cable names are Media Bridge 50-feet Coaxial cable, Amazon basics CL2- Rated Coaxial cables, etc.

Twisted Pair Cables:

• It is type of cable with two or more insulated wires twisted together.
• It started with the speed of 10 Mbps (10BASE-T cable is used).
• Then the cable is improved and the speed was higher and went to 100 Mbps and the cable was renamed 100BASE-TX.
• Then finally the cable improved more made to 10 Gbps and named as 10GBASE-T.
• This twisted cable has 8 wires which are twisted to ignore electromagnetic interference.
• Also, the eight wires cannot be placed in a single unit there could be a difficulty in spacious, so it is twisted to make as one wire.
• There are two types of twisted pair cables, Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) and Shielded Twisted pair (STP).
• The UTP is used nowadays as modern cables for the Internet and they are lower in cost and installation and maintenance is easy compared to the coaxial cables.
• STP is similar to UTP, but it is covered by an additional jacket to protect the wires from External interference.

Fiber Optics:

• This cable is different from the other two cables.
• The other two cables had an insulating material on the outside and the conducting material like copper inside.
• But in this cable it is of strands of glass and pulse of light is used to send the information.
• They are mainly used in Wide Area Network (WAN)/The WAN Is a network that extends to the very large distance to connect the computers,

Ethernet Cables:

• Ethernet cable is the most common type of network cable mainly used for connecting the computers or devices at home or office.
• This cable connects wired devices within the local area network (LAN) for sharing the resources and accessing the Internet.

12th Computer Applications Guide Network Cabling Additional Important Questions and Answers

Part A

Choose The Correct Answers:

Question 1.
Which year were the co-axial cables invented?
(a) 1880
(b) 1890
(c) 1990
(d) 2000
Answer:
(a) 1880

Question 2.
The latest version of USB is ………………
a) 2.0
b) 4.0
c) 5.0
d) 3.0
Answer:
d) 3.0

Question 3.
Co-axial cables transfer the information in …………………………
(a) 10 kbps
(b) 10 Mbps
(c) 10 GBPS
(d) 10 TBPS
Answer:
(b) 10 Mbps

Question 4.
……………….. cable connects wired devices within the local area network for sharing the resources and accessing the Internet.
a) wireless Cable
b) Ethernet cable
c) Coaxial Cable
d) Twisted Wire
Answer:
d) Twisted Wire

Question 5.
Co-axial cables are made up of ……………………..
(a) Steel
(b) Iron
(c) Copper
(d) Aluminium
Answer:
(c) Copper

Question 6.
………….. are used for connecting the television with the setup box.
a) UTP
b) STP
c) Twisted Cable
d) Coaxial cables
Answer:
d) Coaxial cables

Question 7.
…………………….. is a type of cable with two or more insulated wires twisted together.
Answer:
Twisted pair cables

Question 8.
The ……………. uses light to transmit the information from one place to another.
a) Fibre cable
b) Network cable
c) optic cable
d) None of these
Answer:
c) optic cable

Question 9.
Assertion (A): 8 wires of the twisted cable are twisted
Reason (R): To ignore electromagnetic interference.
(a) A is true R is the reason
(b) A, R both false
(c) A is false R is true
(d) A is true, R is not the reason
Answer:
(a) A is true R is the reason

Question 10.
…………….. are used for long-distance transmission and at a high cost.
a) optic cable
b) Network cable
c) Multimode cable
d) Single-mode cables
Answer:
b) Network cable

Question 11.
STP stands for ………………………
(a) Shielded Turn paper
(b) Shielded Twisted pair
(c) Soft Turn Photo
(d) Short Time processing
Answer:
(b) Shielded Twisted pair

Question 12.
The serial port will send ………….. at one time.
a) 2 bit
b) Null
c) 1 bit
d) 5 bit
Answer:
c) 1 bit

Question 13.
Find the wrongly matched pair.
(a) coaxial cables – TV
(b) Twisted pair cables – ATP, UTP
(c) Fiber optic cables – Single-mode, Multimode
Answer:
(b) Twisted pair cables – ATP, UTP

Question 14.
The Null modem Cables are an example of the crossover cables.
a) coaxial
b) crossover cables
c) parallel cables
d) Serial cable
Answer:
b) crossover cables

Question 15.
The ……………. is the basic component of the Local Area Network(LAN)
a) parallel cables
b) Serial cable
c) coaxial
d) Ethernet cable
Answer:
d) Ethernet cable

Question 16.
The two types of fiber optic cables are ……………………… and ………………………..
Answer:
Single-mode, Multi-mode

Fill In The Blanks

1. The …………… is a small plastic cup which will be used to connect the wire inside the connector and ready to use to connect the Internet.
Answer:
RJ45 Ethernet connector

2. The ………….. has eight small pins inside to connect eight small wires in the patch cable. The eight cables have eight different colours.
Answer:
RJ45 connector

3. The …………….. is the jack where the Ethernet cable is to be connected.
Answer:
Ethernet port

4. …………….. port will be there in both the computers and the LAN port.
Answer:
Ethernet port

5. The …………… is a physical tool which is used to connect the patch wire and the Ethernet connector(RJ45).
Answer:
crimping tool

6. A ……………. is a network interface used for connecting different data equipment and telecommunication devices.
Answer:
Registered Jack (RJ)

7. ……………… jack is mainly used in telephone and landlines.
Answer:
RJ11

8. ……………… cable is used to transfer the information in 10 Mbps.
Answer:
Coaxial

Very Short Answers

Question 1.
What is the purpose of network cables?
Answer:
The Network cables are used to transfer the data and information to another computer.

Question 2.
What is the use of coaxial cable?
Answer:
Coaxial cables are used for connecting the television with the setup box.

Question 3.
How many wires are there in the twisted cable? Why?
Answer:
Twisted cable has 13 wires which are twisted to ignore electromagnetic interference

Question 4.
What are the two types of twisted pair cables?
Answer:
Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) and Shielded Twisted pair (STP).

Question 5.
Expand ARPANET.
Answer:
Advanced Research Project Agency Network

Question 6.
What is ARPANET?
Answer:
It is the predecessor of the modern Internet.

Question 7.
What is the use of USB cables?
Answer:
USB cables are used to connect keyboard, mouse, and other peripheral devices

Question 8.
What is the use of parallel cables?
Answer:
The parallel cables are used to connect to the printer and other disk drivers.

Question 9.
What are the two types of fiber-optic cable?
Answer:
Single-mode ((100 Base Bx)) and Multimode ((100 Base SX))

Question 10.
How serial port and parallel port differ?
Answer:
It will send 1 bit at one time whereas the parallel port will send 13 bit at one time.

Question 11.
What is the use of serial and parallel interface?
Answer:
The Serial and Parallel interface cables are used to connect the Internet to the system.

Question 12.
What is the purpose of cross-over cable?
Answer:
Cross over cable is used to join two network devices of the same type

Question 13.
What is RJ Network?
Answer:
A Registered Jack (RJ) is a network interface

Question 14.
Where is the RJ11 cable used?
Answer:
RJ11 jack is mainly used in telephone and landlines

Question 15.
What is the use of a crimping tool?
Answer:
The crimping tool is used to connect the patch wire and the Ethernet connector.

Question 16.
What is an Ethernet port?
Answer:
The Ethernet port is the jack where the Ethernet cable is to be connected.

Question 17.
What is an Ethernet cable?
Answer:
The Ethernet cable is the basic component of the Local Area Network

Question 18.
What is the purpose of using Fiber optic cable?
Answer:
Fiber optic cables are used in Wide Area Network (WAN).

Question 19.
What is a dongle?
Answer:
The dongle is a small peripheral device which has compatible with mobile broadband.

Question 20.
How the internet is connected through a dongle?
Answer:
A sim slot in it and connects the Internet and acts as a modem to the computer.

Abbreviation:

1. ARPANET – Advanced Research Project Agency Network
2. WWW – World Wide Web
3. W3C – World Wide Web Consortium
4. LAN – Local Area Network
5. WAN – Wide Area Network
6. UTP – Unshielded Twisted Pair
7. STP – Shielded Twisted pair
8. NIC – Network Interface Card
9. USB – Universal Serial Bus
10. RJ – Registered Jack
11. 8P8C – 8-position, 8-contact

Find The Odd One On The Following

l. (a) Media Bridge
(b) 50feet coaxial cable
(c) 10BASE-T
(d) CL2
Answer:
(c) 10BASE-T

2. (a) 100BaseBX
(b) 100BaseSX
(c) WAN
(d) 10 Base T
Answer:
(d) 10 Base T

3. (a) Keyboard
(b) Monitor
(c) Mouse
(d) peripheral devices
Answer:
(b) Monitor

4. (a) Smartphones
(b) GPS devices
(c) Digital cameras
(d) Mouse
Answer:
(d) Mouse

5. (a) Speakers
(b) Infra Red
(c) Blue tooth
(d) WiFi
Answer:
(a) Speakers

6. (a) RJ45Connector
(b) UTP Cable
(c) coaxial cable
(d) plastic covering
Answer:
(c) coaxial cable

7. (a) USB cable
(b) RJ45 Connector
(c) Ethernet Ports
(d) Crimping Tools
Answer:
(a) USB cable

8. (a) White Green
(b) White Red
(c) White Orange
(d) White brown
Answer:
(b) White Red

9. (a) Cat 5
(b) Cat 6e
(c) Cat 7
(d) Cat 5e
Answer:
(d) Cat 5e

10. (a) RJ-11
(b) RJ-21
(c) RJ-08
(d) RJ-45
Answer:
(c) RJ-08

11. (a) Registered Jack
(b) Mobile
(c) 6pin
(d) Landlines
Answer:
(b) Mobile

12. (a) ChampConnector
(b) Amphenol Connector
(c) Wireless Connector
(d) RJ21
Answer:
(c) Wireless Connector

13. (a) Champ over
(b) Cross Over
(c) Straight Through
(d) Roll Over
Answer:
(a) Champ over

14. (a) T568A
(b) T568B
(c) Tx, Rx lines
(d) RJ-28
Answer:
(d) RJ-28

15. (a) Twisted pair
(b) UTP
(c) FTP
(d) STP
Answer:
(c) FTP

Choose The Incorrect Pair:

1. a) Media Bridge 50-feet Coaxial cable, Amazon basicsCL2-Rated Coaxial cables.
b) Unshielded Twisted Pair and Shielded Twisted pair.
c) USB cables and Parallel cables
d) Single-Mode and Multimode
Answer:
c) USB cables and Parallel cables

2. a) Serial and Parallel cables
b) Patch Cable, RJ45 Connector
c) Ethernet Ports, Crimping Tool
d) Coaxial cable, Serial Port
Answer:
d) Coaxial cable, Serial Port

3. a) Ethernet cable and serial cable
b) RJ45 plug, Ethernet connector.
c) Rj45 jack, Ethernet Port
d) RJ45, 802.3
Answer:
a) Ethernet cable and serial cable

4. a) RJ-11, RJ-45
b) RJ-45 and RJ47
c) RJ-14 and RJ-61
d) RJ-21, RJ-28
Answer:
b) RJ-45 and RJ47

5. a) USB cables, Peripheral devices
b) Coaxial cables, 10 Mbps
c) Ethernet port, LAN port
d) Parallel port, 100BaseSX
Answer:
d) Parallel port, 100BaseSX

Match The Following:

Question 1.
A) Tim Berners Lee -1) WAN
B) Coaxial cables – 2) WWW
C) Twisted pair – 3) CL2 Related coaxial
D) Fiber optics cable – 4) STP
a) 1 2 3 4
b) 2 31 4
c) 4 3 2 1
d) 2 3 4 1
Answer:
d) 2 3 4 1

Question 2.
A) Coaxial cables – 10gbps
B) Twisted pair – 100 BASE-BX
C) Fiber optics cable – 100 GBASE-T
D) Ethernet Cable -10 Mbps
a) 1 2 3 4
b) 2 31 4
c) 4 3 2 1
d) 2 3 4 1
Answer:
c) 4 3 2 1

Question 3.
A) RJ45 connector -1) Crimping Tool
B) Ethernet -2) Small 8 jack inside
C) Expansion card -3) NIC
D) RJ45 Cable -4) Ethernet cable
a) 1234
b) 2 31 4
c) 4 3 2 1
d) 2 3 4 1
Answer:
d) 2 3 4 1

Question 4.
A) Ethernet Technology – RJ45, 802.3
B) RJ45 Connector(male) – RJ45 plug, Ethernet connector, 8P8C connector
C) RJ45 socket (female) – Rj45 jack, Ethernet Port
D) RJ45 Cable – Ethernet cable
a) 1 2 3 4
b) 2 31 4
c) 4 3 2 1
d) 2 3 4 1
Answer:
a) 1 2 3 4

Question 5.
A) RJ11 Jack – Peripheral devices
B) RJ45 Connector – Telephones and landlines
C) USB Cables – Crimping Tool
D) Cross over cable – Null modem Cables
a) 1 2 3 4
b) 2 31 4
c) 4 3 2 1
d) 2 3 4 1
Answer:
b) 2 31 4

Part B

Short Answers

Question 1.
Write a note on coaxial cables?
Answer:
Coaxial Cables:
This cable was invented in the late 1880s, which is used to connect television sets to home antennas. This cable is used to transfer the information in 10 Mbps.

Question 2.
What is mean by Expansion card?
Answer:

• The expansion card is a separate circuit board also called PCI.
• Ethernet card is inserted into a PCI slot on the motherboard of a computer.

Question 3.
Mention the different types of cables used to connect the computer on Network?
Answer:
Computers can be connected on the network with the help of wired media (Unshielded Twisted pair, shielded Twisted pair, Co-axial cables, and Optical fiber) or wireless media (Infra Red, Bluetooth, WiFi)

Question 4.
List the type of Network cables
Answer:

1. Coaxial Cables
2. Twisted Pair Cables
3. Fiber Optics
4. USB Cables
5. Serial and Parallel cables
6. Ethernet Cables

Question 5.
Give the Pin details of RJ-11?
Answer:
Pin details of the RJ-11, there is 6 pin where the two pins give the transmission configuration, the two pins give the receiver configuration and the other two pins will be kept for reserved. The two-pin will have the positive terminal and the negative terminal.

Question 6.
What are the two types of twisted-pair cables?
Answer:
There are two types of twisted pair cables,

1. Unshielded Twisted Pair (UTP) and
2. Shielded Twisted pair (STP).

Question 7.
What is the use of UTP?
Answer:

• The UTP is used nowadays as modern cables for the Internet and they are lower in cost and installation and maintenance is easy compared to the coaxial cables.
• STP is similar to UTP, but it is covered by an additional jacket to protect the wires from External interference.

Question 8.
Write about Fiber Optics
Answer:

• Fiber Optics cable is different from the other two cables.
• The other two cables had an insulating material at the outside and the conducting material like copper inside.
• But in this cable it is of strands of glass and pulse of light is used to send the information.

Question 9.
What are the two types of fiber optic cables available,
Answer:
There are two types of fiber optic cables available

1. Single-mode (100BaseBx) another
2. Multimode (100BaseSX).

Question 10.
What is the use of a Single-mode Cable?
Answer:
Single-mode cables are used for long-distance transmission and at a high cost.

Question 11.
What is the use of Multi-Mode Cable?
Answer:

• Multimode cables are used for short-distance transmission at a very low cost.
• The optic cables are easy to maintain and install.

Question 12.
What is the use of Micro USB?
Answer:
Micro USB is a miniaturized version of the USB used for connecting mobile devices such as smartphones, GPS devices, and digital cameras.

Question 13.
What is the use of cross-over Cable?
Answer:
Cross over cable is used to join two network devices of the same type for example two PCs or two network devices.

Part C

Explain In Brief Answer

Question 1.
Compare UTP and STP?
Answer:
UTP: The UTP is used nowadays as modem cables for the Internet and they are lower in cost and installation and maintenance is easy compared to the coaxial cables.

STP: STP is similar to UTP, but it is covered by an additional jacket to protect the wires from External interference.

Question 2.
How to determine the type of Ethernet Cable?
Answer:

1. Straight-through: The coloured wires are in the same sequence at both ends of the cable.
2. Cross-over: The first coloured wire at one end of the cable is the third coloured wire at the other end of the cable.
3. Poll-over: The coloured wires are in the opposite sequence at either end of the cable.

Part D

Explain In Detail

Question 1.
Explain the Crimping process to make Ethernet cables?
Answer:
Crimping process for making Ethernet cables

1. Cut the cable with the desired length
2. Strip the insulation sheath about 1 inch from both ends of the cable and expose the Twisted pair of wires
3. After stripping the wire, untwist the smaller wires and arrange them into the proper wiring scheme, T568B preferred generally.
4. Bring the wires tighter together and cut them down so that they all have the same length ( Vi inch).
5. Insert all 8 coloured wires into the eight grooves in the connector. The wires should be, inserted until the plastic sheath is also inside the connector.
6. Use the crimping tool to lock the RJ45 connector on the cable. It should be strong enough to handle manual traction. Now it is ready for data transmission.
7. Use a cable tester to verify the proper connectivity of the cable, if need.

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Guide Pdf Chapter 14 Open Source Concepts Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 14 Open Source Concepts

12th Computer Applications Guide Open Source Concepts Text Book Questions and Answers

Part I

Choose The Correct Answers

Question 1.
If the source code of a software is freely accessible by the public, then it is known as
a) freeware
b) Firmware
c) Open source
d) Public source
Answer:
c) Open source

Question 2.
Which of the following is a software pro¬gram that replicates the functioning of a computer network?
a) Network software
b) Network simulation
c) Network testing
d) Network calculator
Answer:
b) Network simulation

Question 3.
Which of the following can document every incident that happened in the simulation and are used for examination?
a) Net Exam
b) Network hardware
c) Trace file
d) Net document
Answer:
c) Trace file

Question 4.
Which is an example of network simulator?
a) simulator
b) TCL
c) Ns2
d) C++
Answer:
c) Ns2

Question 5.
Fill in the blanks: NS2 comprises of key languages?
a) 13
b) 3
c) 2
d) 4
Answer:
c) 2

Question 6.
Choose the Correct Pair from the following to build NS2
a) UNIX & TCL
b) UNIX & C++
c) C++ & OTCL
d) C++ & NS2
Answer:
c) C++ & OTCL

Question 7.
Which of the following is not a network simulation software?
a) Ns2
b) OPNET
c) SSFNet
d) C++
Answer:
a) Ns2

Question 8.
Which of the following is a open source network monitoring software?
a) C++
b) OPNET
c) Open NMS
d) OMNet++
Answer:
c) Open NMS

Question 9.
Open NMS was released in
a) 1999
b) 2000
c) 2003
d) 2004
Answer:
d) 2004

Question 10.
OpenNMS Group was created by
a) Balog
b) Matt Brozowski
c) David Flustace
d) All of them.
Answer:
d) All of them.

Part II

Short Answers

Question 1.
Explain the History of open-source software.
Answer:
History of open source software:

1. In the early day of computing, programmers and developers shared software in order to learn from each other
2. Eventually, it moved to the wayside of commercialization of software in 1970-1980
3. The Netscape communication corporation released their popular Netscape Communicator Internet suite as free software. This made others look into how to bring the free software ideas.
4. The Open Source Initiative was founded in Feb 1998 to encourage the use of the new term open-source.

Question 2.
What is meant by a network simulator?
Answer:

• A network simulator is a software program that replicates the functioning of a computer network.
• In simulators, the computer network is typically demonstrated with devices, traffic etc. and the performance is evaluated.

Question 3.
What is a trace file?
Answer:
A significant output of the simulation is the trace files. Trace files can document every incident that happened in the simulation and are used for examination.
C++ and Object-oriented Tool Command Language (OTCL) and network monitoring.

Question 4.
Write short notes on NS2.
Answer:
NS2 is the abbreviation of NETWORK SIMULA-TOR version 2. NS2 has C++ and Object-oriented Tool Command Language (OTcl) of languages 2. It is one the open-source application software

Question 5.
Explain NRCFOSS.
Answer:
NRCFOSS: National Resource Centre for Free and Open Source Software an Institution of Government of India. To help in the development of FOSS in India.

Question 6.
Write a short note on Open NMS?
Answer:
There are two types in this Meridian and Horizon.

• Meridian: When we need stability and long-term support choose Meridian which is best for Enterprises as well as businesses.
• Horizon: Horizon used where innovation occurs frequently. It is Best for IT-ecosystem, new technologies monitoring.

Part III

Explain In Brief Answer

Question 1.
What are the uses of Open source Network Software?
Answer:

• There are many opensource softwares, so, we can select and use any software that suits our needs.
• The software can be used without any cost and restrictions.
• We can share our ideas with the team.
• We can learn many ideas and make our program writing skills more efficient.
• We can add the most required features to the software User friendly.

Question 2.
Explain Free software.
Answer:
Free software a concept developed in the 1980s by an MIT computer science researcher, Richard Stallman is defined by four conditions, as outlined by the nonprofit Free Software Foundation.

Question 3.
List out the Popular open-source software.
Answer:

• NS2 , OPEN NMS, Ubuntu , MySQL, PDF Creator, Open Office, 7zip, GnuCash, GIMP, BLENDER,
• AUDACITY, VLC, MOZILAi FIREFOX, MAGENTO, ANDROID, PHP

Question 4.
Write note on open source hardware.
Answer:
In this period of increased competition and cyber crimes, the computers used by indivudals or business organisations may have spy hardwares of rivals. Open source hardware technology helps in such threats. In this technique we get the components of the hardware and its circuit diagram, so that we can remove suspicious spyware if found.

Question 5.
What are the main functional areas of Open NMS?
Answer:

1. Service monitoring, where a number of monitor modules can govern if network-based services (ICMP, HTTP, DNS, etc.) are accessible.
2. Data Gathering by using SNMP and JMX.
3. Event management and notifications, which comprises alarm reduction and a robust announcement system with accelerations and duty schedules.

Question 6.
Explain Types of Organizations related to Open Source.
Answer:

1. Organizations related to Open Source
2. Apache Software Foundation
3. The Document Foundation The Eclipse Foundation
4. Free Software Foundation
5. Linux Foundation
6. OpenCourseWare Consortium
7. Open Source Initiative

Part IV

Explain In Detail

Question 1.
Differentiate Proprietary and open-source software.
Answer:

Question 2.
List out the Benefits of Open Source Software.
Answer:
There are many open source softwares, so, we can select and use any software that suits our needs.

• The complete options of the software can be used without any cost and restrictions.
• We can share our ideas with the team, write the required code and share it with many.
• As we can identify the programming techniques of group members, we can learn many ideas and make our program writing skills more efficient.
• The coding in open source softwares is being groomed by many enthusiastic members of the group. So if we report problems that we have in the program they are quickly mended by the group’s effort.
• As we can make changes to the open-source softwares, we can add the most required features in the software.
• Much open-source software is very user friendly.

Question 3.
Explain various Open Source Licenses.
Answer:
Types of open source license

1. Apache License 2.0
2. BSD 3-Clause “New” or “Revised” license
3. BSD 2-Clause “Simplified” or “FreeBSD” license
4. GNU General Public License (GPL)
5. GNU Library or “Lesser” Genera! Public License (LGPL)
6. MIT license
7. Mozilla Public License 2.0
8. Common Development and Distribution License
9. Eclipse Public License
10. When you change the source code. OSS requires the inclusion, of what you altered as well as your methods.
11. The software created after code modifications may or may not be made available for free.

12th Computer Applications Guide Open Source Concepts Additional Important Questions and Answers

Part A

Choose The Correct Answers:

Question 1.
…………… software has been developed by a variety of programmers.
a) Open source
b) Free Software
c) Proprietary’ Software
d) All of these
Answer:
a) Open source

Question 2.
Proprietary Software is owned by an …………………………
(a) Organization
(b) Individual
(c) both a and b
(d) none of these
Answer:
(c) both a and b

Question 3.
Which of the following organization is not related to Open Source?
a) Apache Software Foundation
b) The Document Foundation
c) The Eclipse Foundation
d) Initiative Foundation.
Answer:
d) Initiative Foundation.

Question 4.
The free software concept is developed in ……………
a) 1980s
b) 1970s
c) 1990s
d) None of the above
Answer:
a) 1980s

Question 5.
Pick the odd one out
(a) Apache Software Foundation
(b) The document Foundation
(c) The Eclipse Foundation
(d) The round Foundation
Answer:
(d) The round Foundation

Question 6.
Which of the following is not an open-source application?
a) AUDACITY
b) VLC
c) Mozilla Firefox
d) MS Office
Answer:
d) MS Office

Question 7.
BOSS developed by ……………………..
(a) A-DAC
(b) M-DAC
(c) D-MAC
(d) C-DAC
Answer:
(d) C-DAC

Question 8.
…………… a pure event base software tool with super simulation design
a) OpenNMS
b) API
c) NS2
d) OTCL
Answer:
b) API

Question 9.
How many Indian Languages are supported by BOSS?
(a) 15
(b) 10
(c) 5
(d) many
Answer:
(d) many

Question 10.
In OpenNMS, Data are Gathering by using ……………..
a) SNMP
b) JMX
c) Both a and b
d) None of these
Answer:
c) Both a and b

Question 11.
Which of the following is a network-based service?
a) ICMP
b) HTTP
c) DNS
d) All of the above
Answer:
d) All of the above

Question 12.
The free software was developed in the year …………………….
(a) 1972
(b) 1978
(c) 1980
(d) 2003
Answer:
(c) 1980

Abbreviation

1. NRCFOSS- National Resource Centre for Free and Open Source Software
2. BOSS – Bharat Operating System Solutions
3. C-DAC – Centre for Development of Advanced Computing
4. GNU – General Public License
5. FCAPS – Fault, configuration, accounting, performance, security
6. NMS – Network Management System)
7. OTCL – Object-oriented Tool Command Language
8. SSFNet – Scalable Simulation Framework Net Models
9. API – Application Program Interface
10. SOURCE CODE – Set of Instructions that decide, how the software should work
11. NS2 – Network Simulation 2
12. OpenNMS – Open Source Network Management Software

Assertion And Reason

Question 1.
Assertion (A): In a computer network, network simulation is a method whereby a software program models the activities of a network by calculating the communication between the different network objects such as(routers, nodes, switches, access points, links etc.).
Reason(R): A network simulator is a software program that replicates the functioning of a computer network.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
c) (A) is true and (R) is false
d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Answer:

Question 2.
Assertion (A): There is much Open Source software. So, we can select and use any software that suits our needs.
Reason(R): The complete options of the software can be used without any cost and restrictions.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
c) (A) is true and (R) is false
d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Answer:
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

Question 3.
Assertion (A): Open NMS (Network Management System) is a free and open-source initiative grade network monitoring and management platform.
Reason(R); It is established and maintained by a community of users, developers and by the Open NMS Group, it offering services, training and support.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
c) (A) is true and (R) is false
d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Answer:
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)

Question 4.
Assertion (A); Service monitoring, where a number of monitor modules can govern if network-based services (ICMP, HTTP, DNS, etc.) are accessible.
Reason(R): Data Gathering by using HTML and JSP.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
c) (A) is true and (R) is false
d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Answer:
c) (A) is true and (R) is false

Question 5.
Assertion (A): AJAX has C++and Object-oriented Tool Command Language (OTCL) of languages
Reason(R): NS2 link together for C++ and the OTCL using TCLCL.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
c) (A) is true and (R) is false
d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Answer:
d) (A) is false and (R) is true

Match The Following:
1. Richard Stallman – Software Program
2. BOSS – Open-source Application software
3. BSD 2-Clause – LGPL
4. BSD 3-Clause – Free software concept
5. GNU Library – Data Gathering
6. NS2 – Revised license
7. Open NMS – C++, OTCL
8. Network Simulation – FCAPS
9. BLENDER – Free BSD license
10. SNMP – C-DAC
Answers
1. Free software a concept
2. C-DAC
3. FreeBSD license
4. Revised license
5. LGPL
6. C++, OTCL
7. FCAPS
8. Software Program
9. Open source Application software
10. Data Gathering

Very Short Answers

Question 1.
What is a trace file?
Answer:
Trace file is a document file, consists of every incident that happens in a simulation.

Question 2.
What is the use of Network monitoring software notifications?
Answer:
It is used to help the user or administrator for fixed errors.

Question 3.
Mention some large enterprise management products?
Answer:
HP Open View, IBM Micro muse or IBM Tivoli.

Question 4.
How NS2 links C++ and OTCL?
Answer:
It links together for C++ and the OTCL using TCLCL.

Question 5.
What is the use of trace files?
Answer:
Trace files can document every incident that happened in the simulation and are used for examination.

Question 6.
What does open-source denote?
Answer:
Open Source denotes some program whose I source code is made available for usage

Find The Odd One On The Following

1. (a) Support
(b) Training
(c) Edit Source By User
(d) Security
Answer:
(c) Edit Source By User

2. (a) Apache
(b) Microsoft
(c) Linux
(d) Document
Answer:
(b) Microsoft

3. (a) GUI
(b) GPL
(c) LG PL
(d) MIT
Answer:
(a) GUI

4. (a) Routers
(b) Nodes
(c) OpenSource
(d) Access points
Answer:
(c) OpenSource

5. (a) Openoffice
(b) VLC
(c) Microsoft word
(d) NS2
Answer:
(c) Microsoft word

6. (a) Fault
(b) Communication
(c) Accounting
(d) Performance
Answer:
(b) Communication

7. (a) Event Management
(b) Service Monitoring
(c) Data Collection
(d) MAGENTO
Answer:
(d) MAGENTO

8. (a) ICMP
(b) HTTP
(c) JMX
(d) DNS
Answer:
(c) JMX

9. (a) Mozilla Firefox
(b) Chrome
(c) Internet Explorer
(d) Android
Answer:
(d) Android

10. (a) Bjarne Stroustrup
(b) Steve Giles
(c) Brian Weaver
(d) LukeRindfuss.
Answer:
(a) Bjarne Stroustrup

Important Years To Remember:

Part B

Short Answers

Question 1.
Write a short note on open source software and developers?
Answer:
Open-Source Software and Developers:
OSS projects are collaboration opportunities that improve skills and build connections in the field. Domains that developers can contribute to the open-source community include:

1. Communication tools.
2. Distributed revision control systems.
3. Bug trackers and task lists.
4. Testing and debugging tools.

Question 2.
What is the network simulator?
Answer:

• A network simulator is a software program that replicates the functioning of a computer network.
• In simulators, the computer network is typically demonstrated with devices, traffic etc. and the performance is evaluated.

Question 3.
Write a short note on BOSS.
Answer:

• BOSS (Bharat Operating System Solutions) Operating System Developed in India by C-DAC (Centre for Development of Advanced Computing) Help to prompt the use of open-source software in India.
• It Supports many Indian languages.

Part C

Explain In Brief Answer

Question 1.
Write some Organizations related to Open Source.
Answer:

• Apache Software Foundation
• The Document Foundation
• The Eclipse Foundation
• Free Software Foundation
• Linux Foundation
• Open Courseware Consortium
• Open Source Initiative

Question 2.
List the various types of open NMS?
Answer:
There are two types in this Meridian and Horizon.

• Meridian: When we need stability and long-term support choose Meridian which is best for Enterprises as well as businesses.
• Horizon: Horizon used where innovation occurs frequently. It is Best for IT-ecosystem, new technologies monitoring.

Question 3.
Write a short note on Open-Source Software and Developers
Answer:

• OSS projects are collaboration opportunities that improve skills and build connections in the field.
• Domains that developers can contribute to the open-source community include:
  • Communication tools.
  • Distributed revision control systems.
  • Bug trackers and task lists.
  • Testing and debugging tools.

Part D

Explain In Detail

Question 1.
Differentiate Open Source Software with free software?
Answer:
Open-Source Software vs. Free Software:
Although the terms are often used interchangeably, OSS is slightly different from free software. Both deal with the ability to download and modify software without restriction or charge.

However, free software a concept developed in the 1980s by an MIT computer science researcher, Richard Stallman is defined by four conditions, as outlined by the nonprofit Free Software Foundation. These “four freedoms” emphasize the ability of users to use and enjoy software as they see fit.

In contrast, the OSS criteria, which the Open Source Initiative developed a decade later, place more emphasis on the modification of software, and the consequences of altering source code, licensing, and distribution.

Obviously, the two overlap; some would say the differences between OSS and free software are more philosophical than practical. However, neither should be confused with freeware. Freeware usually refers to proprietary software that users can download at no cost, but whose source code cannot be changed.

Question 2.
Explain in detail about Open NMS.
Answer:

• Open NMS (Network Management System) is a free and open-source initiative-grade network monitoring and management platform.
• It is established and maintained by a community of users, developers, and the Open NMS Group.
• It offering services, training, and support.

The goal is for Open NMS

• The goal is for Open NMS to be an actually distributed, scalable management application platform for all features of the FCAPS (Fault, Configuration, Accounting, Performance, Security) network management model.
• Presently the emphasis is on Fault and Performance Management.
• It was intended to cope with tens of thousands of devices from a single server as well as achieve unlimited devices using a cluster of servers.

Features:

• OpenNMS comprises a discovery engine to routinely configure and manage network devices without operator intervention. It is written in Java and is issued under the GNU (General Public License.)
• OpenNMS is the World’s first software for Network monitor and management with open-source options.

OpenNMS- Types:
There are two types in this Meridian and Horizon.
Meridian: When we need stability and long-term support choose Meridian which is best for Enterprises as well as businesses.
Horizon:

• It is used where innovation occurs frequently.
• It is Best for IT-ecosystem, new technology monitoring.

History:

• OpenNMS was Released in 1999 by Steve Giles, Brian Weaver, and Luke Rindfuss.
• In 2004 OpenNMS Group was created by Balog, Matt Brozovvski, and David Hustace.
• It is written in Java and can run on all type of platform,
• It gives us Event management & Notification, Discovery & Provisioning, service monitoring, and Data Collection.
• Won lot of awards for best of open-source software.

Question 3.
Explain in Detail Open NMS?
Answer:
Open NMS

• Open NMS (Network Management System)is a free and open-source initiative-grade network monitoring and management platform.
• It is established and maintained by a community of users, developers, and by the Open NMS
  Group, it offering services, training, and support.
• The goal is for Open NMS to be an actually distributed, scalable management application platform for all features of the FCAPS (Fault, configuration, accounting, performance,
  security) network management model.
• Presently the emphasis is on Fault and Performance Management.
  It was intended to cope with tens of thousands of devices from a single server as well as achieve unlimited devices using a cluster of servers.
• Open NMS comprises a discovery engine to routinely configure and manage network devices without operator intervention.
• It is written in Java and is issued under the GNU (General Public License.)
• Open NMS is the Worlds first software for Network monitor and management with open source options. There are two types in this Meridian and Horizon.
• When we need stability and long-term support choose Meridian which is best for Enterprises as well as businesses, for Horizon used where innovation occurs frequently. It is Best for IT-ecosystem, new technologies monitoring.

Open Source Hardware:

1. Remix
2. Remake
3. Remanufacture
4. Redistribute
5. Resell
6. Study and Learn

Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Guide Pdf Chapter 15 E-Commerce Text Book Back Questions and Answers, Notes.

Tamilnadu Samacheer Kalvi 12th Computer Applications Solutions Chapter 15 E-Commerce

12th Computer Applications Guide E-Commerce Text Book Questions and Answers

Part I

Choose The Correct Answers

Question 1.
A company can be called E-Business if
a) it has many branches across the world.
b) it conduct business electronically over the Internet.
c) it sells commodities to a foreign country.
d) it has many employees.
Answer:
b) it conduct business electronically over the Internet.

Question 2.
Which of the following is not a tangible good?
a) Mobile
b) Mobile Apps
c) Medicine
d) Flower bouquet
Answer:
b) Mobile Apps

Question 3.
SME stands for
a) Small and medium sized enterprises
b) Simple and medium enterprises
c) Sound messaging enterprises
d) Short messaging enterprises
Answer:
a) Small and medium sized enterprises

Question 4.
The dotcom phenomenon deals with
a) Textile industries
b) Mobile phone companies
c) Internet based companies
d) All the above
Answer:
c) Internet based companies

Question 5.
Which of the following is not correctly matched
a) The First Wave of Electronic Commerce: 1985 -1990
b) The Second Wave of Electronic Commerce: 2004 -2009
c) The Third Wave of Electronic Commerce: 2010 – Present
d) Dotcom burst: 2000 – 2002
Answer:
a) The First Wave of Electronic Commerce: 1985 -1990

Question 6.
Assertion (A): The websites of first wave dot.com companies were only in En-glish
Reason (R The dot com companies of first wave are mostly American companies.
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)
b) Both (A) and (R) are correct, but (R) is not the correct explanation of (A)
c) (A) is true and (R) is false
d) (A) is false and (R) is true
Answer:
a) Both (A) and (R) are correct and (R) is the correct explanation of (A)

Question 7.
Off-shoring means
a) Work outsourced to a branch of its own company
b) Work outsourced to new employees
c) Work outsourced to a third party locally
d) Work outsourced to a third party outside its own country
Answer:
d) Work outsourced to a third party outside its own country

Question 8.
G2G systems are classified into
a) Internal facing and external facing
b) Internet facing and Extranet facing
c) Internal flag and external flag
d) Internet flag and Extranet flag
Answer:
a) Internal facing and external facing

Question 9.
host the e-books on their websites.
a) Bulk-buying sites
b) Community sites
c) Digital publishing sites
d) Licensing sites
Answer:
c) Digital publishing sites

Question 10.
Which of the following is not a characteristics of E-Commerce
a) Products cannot be inspected physically before purchase.
b) Goods are delivered instantly.
c) Resource focus supply side
d) Scope of business is global.
Answer:
d) Scope of business is global.

Part II

Short Answers

Question 1.
Define E-Commerce.
Answer:
E-Commerce can be described as the process of buying or selling products, services, or information via computer networks.

Question 2.
Distinguish between E-Business and E-Commerce
Answer:

Question 3.
Differentiate tangible goods and electronic goods with an example of your own.
Answer:

Question 4.
What are dotcom bubble and dotcom burst?
Answer:
Dotcom Bubble:

1. The Dotcom Bubble was a historic excessive growth (excessive assumption) of the economy that occurred roughly between 1995 and 2000.
2. During the dotcom bubble, the value of equity markets grew exponentially with the NASDAQ composite index of US stock market rising from under 1000 points to more than 5000 points.

Dotcom Burst:

1. The Nasdaq-Composite stock market index fell from 5046.86 to 1114.11. This is infamous, known as the Dotcom Crash or Dotcom Burst.
2. This began on March 11, 2000, and lasted until October 9, 2002. During the crash, thousands of online shopping companies, like Pets.com failed and shut down.

Question 5.
Write a short note on out-sourcing.
Answer:
Out-sourcing is generally associated with B2B E-Commerce. If a company’s work is hired by another company, it would be termed as out-sourcing.

Part III

Explain In Brief Answer

Question 1.
Describe how E-Commerce is related to socio-technological changes.
Answer:

• The growth of E-Commerce is also related to socio-technological changes.
• The more, the medium becomes deep-rooted, the more, are the users drawn towards it.
• An increase of users increases the markets.
• As the markets expand, more business organizations are attracted.
• The more businesses accumulate it creates competition.
• The competition leads to innovation.
• Innovation in turn drives the development of technology.
• Technology facilitates E-Commerce’s growth.

Question 2.
Write a short note on the third wave of E-Commerce.
Answer:
The Third Wave of Electronic Commerce: 2010 – Present

1. The third wave is brought on by mobile technologies. It connects users via mobile devices for real-time and on-demand transactions, mobile technologies.
2. It connects users via mobile devices for real-time and on-demand transactions.
3. Not only the information is filtered by time, but also the geographic coordinates are used to screen the specific location-tailored information properly.
4. The term Web 3.0, summarizes the various characteristics of the future Internet which include Artificial Intelligence, Semantic Web, Generic Database, etc.

Question 3.
Explain B2B module in E-Commerce.
Answer:

• In B2B E-Commerce, commercial, transactions take place between different business organizations, through the Internet.
• For example, a cycle company may buy tyres from another company for their cycles.
• When compared to other models, the value per transaction in B2B transactions is high, because of bulk purchases.
• The company also might get the advantage of discounts on bulk purchases.

Question 4.
Write a note on name-your-price websites.
Answer:
Name-your-price sites are just like normal retail sites. In contrast, the buyer negotiates with the retailer for a particular product or service, https://in.hotels.com/

Question 5.
Write a note on the physical product dispute of E-Commerce.
Answer:

• Physical product disputes are a major disadvantage in E-Commerce.
• E-Commerce purchases are often made on trust.
• This is because; we do not have physical access to the product.
• Though the Internet is an effective channel for visual and auditory information it does not allow full scope for our senses.
• We can see pictures of the perfumes, but could not smell their fragrance; we can see pictures of a cloth, but not its quality.
• If we want to inspect something, we choose what we look at and how we look at it. But in online shopping, we would see only the pictures the seller had chosen for us.
• People are often much more comfortable in buying generic goods (that they have seen or experienced before and in which there is little ambiguity) rather than unique or complex things via the Internet.

Part IV

Explain in Detail

Question 1.
Write about the development and growth of Electronic Commerce.
Answer:
The Development and Growth of Electronic Commerce:
Economists describe four distinct waves (or phases) that occurred in the Industrial Revolution. In each wave, different business strategies were successful. Electronic commerce and the information revolution brought about by the Internet likely go through such a series of waves.

The First Wave of Electronic Commerce: 1995 -2003

• The Dotcom companies of the first wave are mostly American companies. Thereby their websites were only in English. The Dotcom bubble had attracted huge investments to first wave companies.
• As the Internet was a mere read-only web (web 1.0) and network technology was in its beginning stage, the bandwidth and network security were very low.
• Only EDI and unstructured E-mail remained as a mode of information exchange between businesses.
• But the first wave companies enjoyed the first-move advantage and customers had left with no options.

The Second Wave of Electronic Commerce: 2004 – 2009

• The second wave is the rebirth of E-Commerce after the dot-com bust. The second wave is considered as the global wave, with sellers doing business in many countries and in many languages.
• Language translation and currency conversion were focused on the second wave websites.
  The second wave companies used their own internal funds and gradually expanded their E-Commerce opportunities.
• As a result, E-Commerce grows more steadily, though more slowly. The rapid development of network technologies and interactive web (web 2.0, a period of social media) offered the consumers more choices of buying. The increased web users nourished E-Commerce companies (mostly B2C companies) during the second wave.

The Third Wave of Electronic Commerce: 2010 – Present

• The third wave is brought on by mobile technologies. It connects users via mobile devices for real-time and on-demand transactions, mobile technologies.
• It connects users via mobile devices for real-time and on-demand transactions. Not only the information is filtered by time, but also the geographic coordinates are used to screen the specific location-tailored information properly.
• The term Web 3.0, summarize the various characteristics of the future Internet which include Artificial Intelligence, Semantic Web. Generic Database etc.

Question 2.
List all the E-Commerce business models and explain any four briefly.
Answer:
The various E-Commerce business models are

1. Business to Business (B2B)
2. Business to Consumer (B2C)
3. Business to Government (B2G)
4. Consumer to Business (C2B)
5. Consumer to Consumer (C2C)
6. Consumer to Government (C2G)
7. Government to Business (G2B)
8. Government to Consumer (G2C)
9. Government to Government (G2G)

1. Business to Business (B2B)

• In B2B E-Commerce, commercial transactions take place between different business organizations, through the Internet.
• For example, a cycle company may buy tyres from another company for their cycles.
• B2B transaction is high, because of bulk purchases.

2. Business to Consumer (B2C)

• In B2C E-Commerce, commercial transactions take place between business firms and their consumers.
• It is the direct trade between companies and end-consumers via the Internet.
• Example: A book company selling books to customers. This mode is intended to benefit the consumer and can say B2C E-Commerce works as a ‘retail store’ over the Internet.

3. Consumer to Consumer (C2C)
C2C in E-Commerce provides an opportunity for trading products or services among consumers who are connected through the Internet.

4. Consumer to Government (C2G)

• Citizens as Consumers and Government engage in C2G E-Commerce.
• Here an individual consumer interacts with the Government.
• C2G models usually include income tax or house tax payments, fees for issuance of certificates or other documents. People paying for renewal of license online may also fall under this category.

Question 3.
Explain any five E-Commerce revenue models.
Answer:

• Apart from the regular selling of commodities, today there are many other ways by which companies can make money from the Internet.
• The other forms of E-Commerce activities are:

1. Affiliate site

• It is a form of third-party marketing in which the site owner gets paid based on the performance.
• This site may be a price comparison service or shopping directories or review sites or blogs that contain a link to a normal retailing site and are paid when a customer makes a purchase through it.
• The affiliate site usually attracts visitors by offering more information and tutorials on some specific product or a topic.

2. Auction site:
It is a kind of website, that auctions items on the Internet and levies some commission from the sales, e.g. https://www.ebay.com/

3. Banner advertisement site:
It displays advertisements of other companies in its websites and thereby earns revenue.

4. Bulk-buying sites:
It collects a number of users together all of who want to buy similar items; the site negotiates a discount with the supplier and takes a commission. e.g. https://www.alibaba.com/

5. Digital publishing sites:

• It effectively hosts e-books or magazines on the web.
• They make profits in a number of ways such as advertising, selling, etc., https://wordpress. org/

Question 4.
How would you differentiate traditional commerce and E-Commerce?
Answer: