Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 5 English Medium

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 5 English Medium Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Papers helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus, helps students complete homework assignments and to score high marks in board exams.

Tamil Nadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 5 English Medium

General Instructions:

  1. The question paper comprises of four parts
  2. You are to attempt all the questions in each part. An internal choice of questions is provided wherever applicable.
  3. All questions of Part I, II, III, and IV are to be attempted separately.
  4. Question numbers 1 to 14 in Part I are Multiple Choice Questions of one mark each.
    These are to be answered by writing the correct answer along with the corresponding option code and the corresponding answer
  5. Question numbers 15 to 28 in Part II are of two marks each. Any one question should be answered compulsorily.
  6. Question numbers 29 to 42 in Part III are of five marks each. Any one question should be answered compulsorily.
  7. Question numbers 43 to 44 in Part IV are of Eight marks each. Draw diagrams wherever necessary.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 100

Part – I

Answer all the questions. Choose the correct answer [14 × 1 = 14]

Question 1.
Which country was expelled from the League of Nations for attacking Finland?
(a) Germany
(b) Russia
(c) Italy
(d) France
Answer:
(b) Russia

Question 2.
Who was the first Indian judge of the Madras High Court?
(a) T. Muthu Swamy
(b) P. S. Sivasamy
(c) V. S. Srinivasa Sastri
(d) G. A. Natesan
Answer:
(a) T. Muthu Swamy

Question 3.
Which American President followed the policy of containment of communism?
(a) Woodrow Wilson
(b) Truman
(c) Theodore Roosevelt
(d) Franklin Roosevelt
Answer:
(b) Truman

Question 4.
Which one of the following was launched by Haji Shariatullah in 1818 in East Bengal?
(a) Wahhabi Rebellion
(b) Farazi Movement
(c) Tribal uprising
(d) Kol Revolt
Answer:
(b) Farazi Movement

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 5 English Medium

Question 5.
Who was arrested during the anti-Rowlatt protests in Amirtsar?
(a) Motilal Nehru
(b) Shaifuddin Kitchlew
(c) MohamedAli
(d) Raj Kumar Shukla
Answer:
(b) Shaifuddin Kitchlew

Question 6.
The North-South extend of India is ………………..
(a) 2,500 km
(b) 2,933 km
(c) 3,214 km
(d) 2,814 km
Answer:
(c) 3,214 km

Question 7.
Meteorology is the science of………………..
(a) Weather
(b) Social
(c) Political
(d) Human
Answer:
(a) Weather

Question 8.
The Soil which is rich in iron oxides is ………………..
(a) Alluvial
(b) Black
(c) Red
(d) Alkaline
Answer:
(c) Red

Question 9.
The latitudinal extent of Tamil Nadu is………………..
(a) 8°4’N to 13°35’N
(b) 8°5’S to 13°35’S
(c) 8°0’N to 13°5’N
(d) 8°0’S to 13°05’S
Answer:
(a) 8°4’N to 13°35’N

Question 10.
Pick out the odd one………………..
(a) Inundational canals
(b) Perennial canals
(c) Tanks
(d) Canals
Answer:
(c) Tanks

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 5 English Medium

Question 11.
Under which article financial emergency can be proclaimed?
(a) Article 352
(b) Article 356
(c) Article 360
(d) Article 368
Answer:
(c) Article 360

Question 12.
Which Minister plays a vital role in molding foreign policy of our country?
(a) Defense Minister
(b) Prime Minister
(c) External Affairs Minister
(d) Home Minister
Answer:
(c) External Affairs Minister

Question 13.
…………….. is the only state in India to adopt universal PDS
(a) Kerala
(b) Andhra Pradesh
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) Karnataka
Answer:
(c) Tamil Nadu

Question 14.
GNP equals………………..
(a) NNP adjusted for inflation
(b) GDP adjusted for inflation
(c) GDP plus net property income from abroad
(d) NNP plus net property income or abroad
Answer:
(c) GDP plus net property income from abroad

Part – II

Answer any 10 questions. Question No. 28 is compulsory. [10 × 2 = 20]

Question 15.
Mention the four articles of faith laid down by Maharishi Debendranath Tagore?
Answer:
Maharashi Debendranath Tagore laid down the following four articles of faith –

  • In the beginning, there was nothing. The one Supreme Being alone existed who created the Universe.
  • He alone is the Good of truth, Infinite Wisdom, Goodness and Power, eternal, omnipresent, the One without second.
  • Our salvation depends on belief in him and in his worship in this world and the next.
  • Belief consists in loving him and doing his will.

Question 16.
Mention the important clauses of the Treaty of Versailles relating to Germany.
Answer:
Here are the important clauses of the Treaty of Versailles relating to Germany:

  • Germany was forced to give up territories to the west, north and east of the German border.
  • Germany had to disarm and was allowed to retain a very restricted armed force (army, navy and air force);
  • As reparations for the War, Germany was expected to pay for the military and civilian cost of the War to the Allied nations. .

Question 17.
What were the duties of a Palayakkarars?
Answer:
The Palayakkarars carried on the following duties:

  • They collected revenue, administered the territory control, settled disputes and maintained law and order.
  • On many occasions the Palayakkarars helped the Nayak rulers to restore the kingdom to them.

Question 18.
Write a note on Bhagat Singh.
Answer:
1. Bhagat Singh was an Indian socialist revolutionary whose two acts of dramatic violence against the British in India and the execution at the age of 23 made him a folk hero of the Indian Independence Movement.

2. Bhagat Singh along with B. K. Dutt threw a smoke bomb inside the Central Legislative Assembly in 1929. It was not intended to hurt anyone. They threw pamphlets and shouted Tnquilab Zindabad’ and ‘Long Live the Proletariat’.

3. He along with Rajguru was arrested and sentenced to death. Bhagat Singh’s daring act fired the imagination of the youth across India and he became popular.

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 5 English Medium

Question 19.
Name the distinct seasons of India.
Answer:

  • Winter or cold weather season (Jan-Feb)
  • Pre Monsoon or Summer (March-May)
  • Southwest Monsoon or rainy season (June-September)
  • Northeast Monsoon season (October-December)

Question 20.
Define Agriculture.
Answer:
Agriculture is the process of producing food for people, fodder for cattle, fiber and many other desired products by the cultivation of certain plants and the raising of domesticated animals.

Question 21.
Name the different types of coal with their carbon content.
Answer:

  1. Anthracite : contains 80 to 90% Carbon
  2. Bituminous : contains 60 to 80% Carbon
  3. Lignite : 40 to 90% Carbon
  4. Peat : contains less than 40% Carbon

Question 22.
List out the air ports and sea ports of Tamil Nadu.
Answer:
Airports:

  • Chennai International Airport
  • Coimbatore International Airport
  • Madurai International Airport
  • Tiruchirapalli International Airport

Domestic Airports:
Tuticorin and Salem

Sea Port: Major Sea Ports are:

  • Chennai
  • Ennore
  • Tuticorin

Intermediate port at Nagapattinam and 15 minor ports.

Question 23.
List out any five global groupings in which India is a member.
Answer:
India is a member of formal groupings like UNO, NAM, S AARC, G20 and the Commonwealth.

Question 24.
List out any two special powers of the Attorney General of India?
Answer:
1.  The Attorney General of India has the right to speak and to take part in the proceedings of both Houses of the Parliament or their joint sitting and any committee of the Parliament of which he may be named as a member, but without a right to vote.

2. In the performance of his official duties, Attorney General of India has the right of audience in all Courts in the territory of India.

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 5 English Medium

Question 25.
What are the qualifications for the appointment of Governor?
Answer:
Qualifications of the Governor is given below

  • He should be a citizen of India.
  • He must have completed 35 years of age.
  • He should not be a member of Parliament or any State legislature.
  • He should not hold any other profitable occupation.

Question 26.
Write the name of economic policies of India.
Answer:
Name of economic policies in India are:

  • Agriculture Policy
  • Industrial Policy
  • New Economic Policy
  • Trade Policy
  • Employment Policy
  • Currency and Banking Policy
  • Fiscal and Monetary Policy
  • Wage Policy
  • Population Policy

Question 27.
What is meant by black money?
Answer:
Black money is funds earned on the black market on which income and other taxes have not been paid. The unaccounted money that is concealed from the tax administrator is called black money.

Question 28.
Name any five biosphere reserves in India.
Answer:

  1. Agasthyamalai
  2. Dibru Saikhowa
  3. Dihang Dibang
  4. Great Nicobar
  5. Gulf of Mannar
  6. The Nilgiris
  7. Sundarbans

Part – III

Answer any 10 questions. Question No. 42 is compulsory. [10 × 5 = 50]

Question 29.
Fill in the blanks
(i) In 1918, the society for the study of Marxism was fortned in ………………..University.
(ii) ………………..is the Tamil Nadu state animal.
(iii) ………………..is a small Himalyan Kingdom.
(iv) ………………..is the value of currency expressed in terms of the amount of goods and services
that one unit of money can buy.
(v) The difference between the value of exports and imports is called ………………..
Answers
(i) Peking
(ii) Nilgiri Thar
(iii) Bhutan
(iv) Purchasing power
(v) Balance of trade

Question 30.
Match the following
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 5 English Medium - 1

Answers:
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 5 English Medium - 2

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 5 English Medium

Question 31.
Match the following
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 5 English Medium - 3
Answers:
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 5 English Medium - 4

Question 32.
(a) Distinguish between
(i) Jute industry and Sugar industry.
(ii) Internal Trade and International Trade.
Answer:
(a) (i) Jute industry and Sugar industry:
Jute industry :

  1. The Jute industry is concerned mainly with the production of gunny bags, canvas, pack sheets, jute web, carpets, cordage, hessian and twines.
  2. West Bengal, Titagarh, Jagatdat, Budge- budge, Haora and Bhadreshwar are the chief centres of jute industry.

Sugar industry :

  1. Sugar can be produced from sugarcane, sugar-beets, or any other crop which have sugar content.
  2. Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Andhra Pradesh, Tamil Nadu, Bihar, Punjab, Gujarat, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh.

(ii) Internal Trade and International Trade:
Internal Trade

  1. Internal trade is also known as local trade. It is carried on within the domestic territory of a country.
  2. Land transport plays a major role in the movement of goods.
  3. This trade is mostly fixed on the nation’s currency.
  4. This internal trade helps to promote balanced regional growth in the country. This trade leads to rapid economic progress of a country.

International Tirade :

  1. International trade is also known as External trade. It is a trade carried on between two or more countries.
  2. Ocean transport plays major role in the movement of goods.
  3. This trade is carried on foreign currency.
  4. This trade leads to rapid economic progress of a country.

(b) Give reason: Cities are densely populated than the villages.
Answer:
Agriculture, job opportunities and industrial development are the main causes of population density in the cities then the villages.

Question 33.
Assess the structure and the activities of the UN.
Answer:
The United Nations came into existence in the year 1945 to achieve lasting peace among all nations which were inter-dependent. It functions like any government, through its principal organs which are similar to the legislative, executive and judicial wings of a state.

  • The General Assembly is the body in which each member state is represented. It meets once a year and issues of interest and points of conflict are discussed in the Assembly.
  • The Security Council has fifteen members, five of them (the USA, Britain, France, Russia and China) are permanent members. The other ten temporary members are elected in .rotation from different parts of the world. Each of the permanent members has the right to veto any decision by the other members of the Security Council.
  • The UN Secretariat is headed by the Secretary General, who is elected by the General Assembly on the recommendation of the Security Council.
  • The International Court of Justice is the Judicial wing of the United Nations. Its headquarter is at The Hague.
  • The fifth organ of the UN is the Economic and Social Council (ECOSOC). It is responsible for coordinating all the economic and social work of the United Nations.

Activities of the United Nations:
Human rights, the problems of refugees, climate change, gender equality are all within the ambit of the activities of the United Nations. The UN Peace-keeping force has acted in many areas of conflict all over the world.

Question 34.
Discuss the response to Swadeshi Movement in Tamil Nadu.
Answer:
1. During the Swadeshi movement, public meetings were organised in various parts of Tamil Nadu, and they were attended by thousands of people. Tamil was used for the first time to mobilise people.

2. Many journals came into existence to spread Swadeshi ideals. Students and youth participated widely in the movement. Some lectures were delivered by Bipin Chandra Pal, while Subramania Bharati’s patriotic songs stirred patriotic emotions in people.

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 5 English Medium

Question 35.
Explain the importances of satellite communication in India.
Answer:

1. Satellite images are used for weather forecasting, monitory of natural calamities, surveillance of border areas etc. The communication through satellites emerged as a new era in communication in our country after the establishment of Indian Space Research Organization (ISRO) in 1969.

2. Satellite systems in India can be grouped into two on the basis of two satellites namely
“Indian National Satellite” (INSAT) and “Indian Remote Sensing Satellite” (IRS). These satellites collect data in several spectral band and transmit there to ground stations for various uses.

3. The communication and remote sensing satellites INSAT and IRS have revolutionized India’s communication system. Metrological studies and natural resource management. The National Remote Sensing Agency (NRSA) at Hyderabad provides facilities for acquisition of data and its processing.

4. There is no doubt that India has irrefatably arrived as a space power in the world. The INSAT series are used for relaying signals to television, telephone, radio, mobile phone.

5. It is also useful in weather detection, internet. The INSAT series GSAT series, GSAT series KALPANA -1, HAMS AT, EDUSAT are the major communication satellite used for communication purpose. GSAT – 7A is the recent launch for communication programs. INSAT – IB launched on 30th August, 1983 is the first communication satellite in INSAT series.

Question 36.
Bring out the types and distribution of soils in Tamil Nadu.
Answer:
Types of Soils Distribution of Soil in Tamil Nadu
Alluvial Soil :  It is found in river valley regions and coastal plains. Thanjavur, Tiruvarur, Nagapattinam, Villupuram, Cuddalore, Tirunelveli and Kanniyakumari
Black Soil : Coimbatore, Madurai, Virudhunagar, Tirunelveli and Thoothukudi
Red Soil : Sivagangai and Ramanathapuram
Laterite Soil : Kancheepuram, Tiruvallur and Thanjavur districts and source patches over the mountain region in the Nilgiris
Saline Soil : Saline soils in Tamil Nadu are confined to the Coromandel coast and Vedaranyam

Question 37.
Mention OPEC missions and how does it help other countries?
Answer:
OPEC’s mission:

  • To coordinate oil policies in its member countries
  • Help stabilise oil markets
  • To secure fair and stable income to petroleum producers
  • An efficient, economic and regular supply of oil to consuming nations
  • A fair return on capital to those investing in the petroleum industry

How does OPEC help other countries:
The OPEC Fund for International Development (OPID) is an institution that helps finance projects with low interest loans. It also provides grants to social and humanitarian projects. OPEC has an Information Centre with over 20,000 volumes including books, reports, maps and conference proceedings related to petroleum, energy and the oil market. The Information Centre is open to the public and is often used by researchers and students. ,

Question 38.
Write the differences between the growth and development.
Answer:
Differences between the Economic growth and Economic development:
Economic Growth :

  1. It is the positive quantitative change in the output of an economy in a particular time period
  2. Economic growth is the ‘narrower’ concept.
  3. Quantitative in nature.
  4. Rise in parameters like, GDP, GNP, FDI, FII etc.
  5. Short term in nature.
  6. It is applicable in developed nations.
  7. It is measured by increase in national income.
  8. It occurs in a certain period of time.

Economic Development :

  1. It consider the rise in the output in an economy along with the advancement of HDI index which considers a rise in living standards, advancement in technology and overall happiness index of a nation.
  2. Economic development is the ‘broader’ concept.
  3. Qualitative in nature.
  4. Rise in life expectancy rate, infant, improvement in literacy rate, infant mortality rate and poverty rate etc.
  5. Long-term in nature.
  6. It is applicable in developing co countries.
  7. It is measured by increase in real national income, i.e., per capita income.
  8. It is a continuous process.

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 5 English Medium

Question 39.
Write the challenges of Globalization.
Answer:
The following are the challenges of globalization.

  • To ensure that the benefits of globalization extent to all countries. That will certainly not happen automatically.
  • To deal with the fear that globalization leads to stability, which is particularly marked in the developing world. .
  • To address the very real fear in the industrial world that increased global competition will lead memorably to a race to the bottom in wages, labour rights, employment practices, and the environment.
  • Globalization and all of the complicated problems related to it must not be used as excuses to avoid searching for new ways to cooperate in the over all interest of countries and people.
  • People have started consuming more junk foods. This has badly affected their health.

Question 40.
Name some industrial development agencies and explain them.
Answer:
The following are some agencies that have played a key role in industrialization in the state.

SIPCOT: (State Industries Promotion Corporation of Tamil Nadu), 1971:
It was formed in the year 1971 to promote industrial growth in the state by setting up industrial estates.

TANSIDCO: (Tamil Nadu Small Industries Development corporation), 1970:
TANSIDCO is a state-agency of the state of TN established in the year 1970 to promote smallscale industries in the state. It gives subsidies and provide technical assistance for new firms in the small scale sector.

TIDCO (Tamil Nadu Industrial Development Corporation), 1965:
TIDCO is another government agency to promote industries in the state and to establish industrial estates.

TIIC (Tamil Nadu Industrial Investment Corporation Ltd.), 1949:
TIIC is intended to provide low-cost financial support for both setting up new units and also for expansion of existing units. Though it is meant to meet the requirements of all types of firms, 90% of support goes to micro, small and medium enterprises.

TANSI (Tamil Nadu Small Industries Corporation Ltd.), 1965:
TANSI was formed in 1965 to take over the small scale-units that were set up and run by the Department of Industries and Commerce. It is supposed to be the first industrial corporation operating in the domain for small enterprises.

Question 41.
Draw a time line for the following:
Write any five important events between 1920-1940
Year  – Events
1920  – Non Co-operation Movement
1921 – Ahmedabad Congress Session
1922 – Chauri Chaura incident / Suspension of Non Co-operation movement
1923 – Birth of Swaraj Party
1924 – Formation of Hindustan Republican Army
1925 – Death of C.R. Das / Swaraj Party dissolved
1927 – Formation of Simon Commission
1928 – Arrival of Simon Commission to India / The Nehru Report
1929 – Lahore Congress
1930 – Salt Satyagraha / Civil Disobedience Movement / Dandi. March / First Round Table Conference
1931 – Gandhi Irwin Pact / Second Round Table Conference
1932 – Poona Pact / The Communal Award / Third Round Table Conference
1935 – Government of India Act
1937 – Provincial Elections
1939 Second World War started
1940 – Jinnah’s demand for separate nation – Pakistan / August offer

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 5 English Medium

Question 42.
Mark the following places on the world map.
(i) Norway
(ii) Sweden
(iii) Finland
(iv) Bulgaria
(v) Turkey
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 5 English Medium - 5

Part – IV

Answer both questions. [2 × 8 = 16]

Question 43. (a) Anti-Colonial Struggle in Indo-China (*) Define the concept of decolonisation.
(if) What were the three States that formed Indo-China.
(iii) How did Communist ideas help in developing the spirit of anti-colonialism.
(iv) Which was the mainstream political party in Indo-China?
Answer:
(a) Anti-Colonial Struggle in Indo-China
(i) Decolonisation is a process through which colonial powers transferred institutional and legal control over their colonies to indigenous nationalist government.
(if). Cambodia, Laos and Vietnam.
(iii) Communist ideas from mainland China helped in developing the spirit of anti-colonalism in Indo-China. Many became convinced that the considerable wealth of Indo-China was benefiting only the colonial power. This aroused the feeling of nationalism which resulted in violence. In 1916 there was a major anti-colonial revolt which was crushed brutally. There were also guerrilla activities in Tongking.
(iv) The mainstream political party in Indo-China was the Vietnam Nationalist Party. It was composed of the wealthy and middle class sections of the population.

(b) Vellore Revolt
(i) When did Vellore Revolt break out?
(ii) Who introduced new military regulation?
(iii) Who was the first victim of the revolt?
(iv) Who was proclaimed by the rebels as their new rules?
Answer:
(b) Vellore Revolt
(i)10th July 1806 .
(ii) Commander in Chief Sir John Cradock.
(iii) Colonel Fancourt
(iv) Fateh Hyder

[OR]

(c) Velunachiyar
(i) Who was the military chief of Velunachiyar?
(ii) What were the martial arts in which she was trained?
(iii) Whom did she marry?
(iv) What was the name of her daughter?
(c) Velunachiyar
(i) Gopala Nayaker
(ii) The martial arts in which she was trained were valari, stick fighting and to wield weapons.
(iii) She was married to Muthu Vadugar, the Raja of Sivagangai.
(iv) Her Daughter’s name was Vellachinachiar.

(d) Self Respect Movement
(i) Who started the Self Respect Movement? ’
(ii) Why did he start?
(iii) When was it started?
(iv) Name the laws passed by the government due to the constant struggle of Self Respect Movement.
Answer:
(d) Self Respect Movement
(i) E.V. Ramaswamy Periyar started the self respect movement.
(ii) He started it in order to spread and execute his ideas and policies.
(iii) It was started in 1925.
(iv) Widow Remarriage Act, Women’s Right to property Act and abolition of Devadasi Act.

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 5 English Medium

Question 44.
Mark the following places on the given outline map of India.
(i) Aravalli
(ii) Brahmaputra
(iii) Chotanagpur plateau
(iv) West Bengal
(v) Desert soil region
(vi) Coffee growing area
(vii) Machillipatnam
(viii) National Highway NH-7
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 5 English Medium - 6

[OR]

Mark the following places on the given outline map of Tamil Nadu.
(i) International airport
(ii) Madurai
(iii) Paddy growing area
(iv) Atomic power station
(v) Bauxite area
(vi) Pulicat lake
(vii) Papanasam
(viii) Ennore
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 5 English Medium - 7

Map for Q. 42
(i) Norway
(ii) Sweden
(iii) Finland
(iv) Bulgaria
(v) Turkey
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 5 English Medium - 8

Map for Q. 44
(i) Aravalli Range
(ii) River Brahmaputra
(iii) Chotanagpur plateau
(iv) West Bengal
(v) Desert soil region
(vi) Coffee growing area
(vii) Machillipatnam
(viii) National Highway NH-7
Answer:

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 5 English Medium - 9

Map for Q. 44
(i) International airport
(ii) Madurai
(iii) Paddy growing area
(iv) Atomic power station
(v) Bauxite area
(vi) Pulicat lake
(vii) Papanasam
(viii) Ennore
Answer:

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 5 English Medium - 10

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 4 English Medium

Students can Download Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 4 English Medium Pdf, Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Papers helps you to revise the complete Tamilnadu State Board New Syllabus, helps students complete homework assignments and to score high marks in board exams.

Tamil Nadu Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 4 English Medium

General Instructions:

  1. The question paper comprises of four parts
  2. You are to attempt all the questions in each part. An internal choice of questions is provided wherever applicable.
  3. All questions of Part I, II, III, and IV are to be attempted separately.
  4. Question numbers 1 to 14 in Part I are Multiple Choice Questions of one mark each.
    These are to be answered by writing the correct answer along with the corresponding option code and the corresponding answer
  5. Question numbers 15 to 28 in Part II are of two marks each. Any one question should be answered compulsorily.
  6. Question numbers 29 to 42 in Part III are of five marks each. Any one question should be answered compulsorily.
  7. Question numbers 43 to 44 in Part IV are of Eight marks each. Draw diagrams wherever necessary.

Time: 3 Hours
Maximum Marks: 100

Part – I

Answer all the questions. Choose the correct answer [14 × 1 = 14]

Question 1.
Who said “imperialism is the highest stage of capitalism”?
(a) Lenin
(b) Marx
(c) Sun Yat-sen
(d) Mao Tsetung
Answer:
(a) Lenin

Question 2.
Who was the Commander-in-Chief responsible for the new military regulations in Vellore Fort?
(a) Col. Fancourt
(b) Major Armstrong
(c) Sir John Cradock
(d) Colonel Agnew
Answer:
(c) Sir John Cradock

Question 3.
Who was the first director of Whanpoa Military Academy?
(a) Sun Yat-Sen
(b) Chiang Kai-shek
(c) Michael Borodin
(d) Chou En Lai
Answer:
(b) Chiang Kai-shek

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 4 English Medium

Question 4.
Who declared that “Land belongs to God” and collecting rent or tax on it was against divine law?
(a) Titu Mir
(b) Sidhu
(c) Dudu Mian
(d) Shariatullah
Answer:
(c) Dudu Mian

Question 5.
In which session of the Indian National Congress was Non-Cooperation approved?
(a) Bombay
(b) Madras
(c) Lucknow
(d) Nagpur
Answer:
(c) Lucknow

Question 6.
The Southern most point of India is …………………..
(a) Andaman
(b) Kanyakumari
(c) Indira point
(d) Kavaratti
Answer:
(c) Indira point

Question 7.
We wear cotton during …………………..
(a) Summer
(b) Winter
(c) Rainy
(d) Northeast monsoon
Answer:
(a) Summer

Question 8.
Which of the following organization has divided the Indian soils into 8 major groups?
(a) Indian Council of Agricultural Research
(b) Indian Meteorological Department
(c) Soil Survey of India
(d) Indian Institute of Soil Science
Answer:
(a) Indian Council of Agricultural Research

Question 9.
The longitudinal extent of Tamil Nadu is …………………..
(a) 76°18’E to 80°20’E
(b) 76°18’Eto 80°20’W
(c) 86° 18’E to 10°20’E
(d) 86° 18’E to 10°20’W
Answer:
(a) 76°18’E to 80°20’E

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 4 English Medium

Question 10.
The district with largest mangrove forest cover in Tamil Nadu is …………………..
(a) Ramanathapuram
(b) Nagapattinam
(c) Cuddalore
(d) Theni
Answer:
(c) Cuddalore

Question 11.
If the fundamental rights of Indian citizen are violated, they possess the right to have an access to …………………..
(a) The Parliament
(b) The Attorney General
(c) The President of India
(d) The Supreme Court of India
Answer:
(d) The Supreme Court of India

Question 12.
Non-military issues are …………………..
(a) Energy security
(b) Water security
(c) Pandemics
(d) All the above
Answer:
(d) All the above

Question 13.
Tamil Nadu Integrated Nutrition Programme was started in …………………..
(a) 1980
(b) 1975
(c) 1955
(d) 1985
Answer:
(a) 1980

Question 14.
India is ………………….. large producer in agricultural product.
(a) 1st
(b) 3rd
(c) 4th
(d) 2nd
Answer:
(d) 2nd

Part – II

Answer any 10 questions. Question No. 28 is compulsory. [10 x 2 = 20]

Question 15.
Discuss Mahadev Govind Ranade’s contribution to social reforms.
Answer:

  • Mahadev Govind Ranade was a great social reformer. He advocated for inter-caste dining, inter-caste marriage, widow remarriage and improvement of women and depressed classes.
  • He founded the Widow Marriage Association, the Poona Sarvajanik Sabha and Decean Education society.

Question 16.
Who were the three prominent dictators of the post World War I?
The three prominent dictators of the post-World War I were Mussolini (Italy), Hitler (Germany) and Franco (Spain).

Question 17.
Identify the Palayams based on the division of east and west.
Answer:
Among the 72 Palayakkarars, there were two blocks namely the eastern and the western Palayams. ‘

  • The eastern Palayams were – Sattur, Nagalapuram, Ettayapuram and Panchalam Kurichi.
  • The western Palayams were – Uttrumalai, Thalavankottai, Naduvakurichi, Singampatti and Seithur.

Question 18.
What was the conflict between the Swarajists and no-changers?
Answer:
1. In due course of time the Congress got divided into two groups—pro-changers (swarajists) and no-changers. Some of the Congressmen led by Motilal Nehru and C. R. Das wanted to contest the elections and enter the legislature.

2. They argued that the national interest could be promoted by working in the Legislative Councils under Dyarchy and weakening the colonial government from within. These Congressmen were called the pro-changers.

3. On the other hand, no-changers like Vallabhbhai Patel, C Rajagopalachari and other followers of Gandhi wanted to continue non-cooperation with the government.

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 4 English Medium

Question 19.
Write a short note on ‘Monsoon Wind’.
Answer:

  • The word ‘monsoon’ has been derived from the Arabic word ‘Mausim’ which means
    ‘season’.
  • These winds appear to blow from southwest for six months and from northeast for another
    six months.
  • In India it is used to refer to the winds which reverse their directions in summer and winter.

Question 20.
What is Multipurpose project?
Answer:
A comprehensive river valley project which serves a number of purposes simultaneously is called a “Multipurpose project”.

Question 21.
Define: Disaster Risk Reduction.
Answer:
The concept and practice of disaster risks through systematic efforts to analyse and manage the causal factors of disasters including thorough reduced exposure to hazards, lessened vulnerability of people and property, wise management of land and environment and improved preparedness for adverse events.

Question 22.
What is the importance of the Governor of a state?
Answer:

  • The Governor is the Constitutional head of the State Executive. The administration of a State is carried on in the name of the Governor.
  • He directly rules a State when there is the imposition of the President’s rule in the State. He is an integral part of the State legislative.

Question 23.
How do you assess the importance of Chabahar agreement?
Answer:

  • A trilateral agreement called the Chabahar Agreement was signed between India, Afghanistan and Iran, which has led to the establishment of transit and transport corridor among three countries using Chabahar port.
  • This port is seen as golden gateway for India to access landlocked markets of Afghanistan and Central Asia by passing Pakistan.

Question 24.
Write short note on TRIPs and TRIMs.
Answer:
1. TRIPs – Trade Related aspects of Intellectual Property Rights – is an international legal agreement between all the member nations of the World Trade Organisation (WTO). It sets down minimum standards for the regulation by national Governments of many forms of intellectual property as applied to nationals of other WTO member nations. TRIPs was negotiated at the end of the Uruguay Round of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) between 1989 and 1990 and is administered by the WTO.

2. TRIMS – Trade Related Investment Measures – The Uruguay Round Agreement on TRIMs referes to certain conditions or restrictions imposed by a Government in respect of foreign investment in the country in order to give adequate provisions for the home industries to develop.

Question 25.
Why should a developing economy diversify out of agriculture?
Answer:

  • As an economy grows and incomes increase, consumers tend to spend a lesser share of their income on products from the agricultural sector.
  • There are limits to the ability of agriculture to absorb labour due to the declining marginal productivity of land.
  • Due to this, there is a need for an economy’s production and employment base to diversify away from agriculture.

Question 26.
During cyclone, how does the Meterological department warn the fishermen?
Answer:
1. During disturbed weather over the seas, the ports likely to be affected are warned by concerned ACWCs / CWCs by advising the port authorities through port warnings to hoist appropriate Storm Warning Signals. The Department also issue “Fleet forecast” for Indian Navy.

2. Coastal Bulletins for Indian coastal areas covering up to 75 km from the coast line and sea area bulletins for the sea areas beyond 75 km. The special warnings are issued for fishermen four times a day in normal weather and every three hourly in accordance with the four stage warning in case of disturbed weather.

3. The general public, the coastal residents and fishermen are warned through state government officials and broadcast of warnings through All India Radio and National Television telecast programmes in national and regional hook up.

4.  A sytem of warning dissemination for fishermen through World Space Digital Based radio receiver is being planned.

Question 27.
Mention any three industrial development agencies in Tamil Nadu and their role.
Answer:
SIPCOT: (State Industries Promotion Corporation of Tamil Nadu), 1971 : It was formed in the year 1971 to promote industrial growth in the state by setting up industrial estates.
TANSIDCO: (Tamil Nadu Small Industries Development corporation), 1970 :
TANSIDCO is a state-agency of the state of Tamil Nadu established in the year 1970 to promote small-scale industries in the state. It gives subsidies and provide technical assistance for new firms in the small scale sector.
TIDCO: (TamilNadu Industrial Development Corporation), 1965 :
TIDCO is another government agency to promote industries in the state and to establish industrial estates.

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 4 English Medium

Question 28.
Write some name of the nutrition programmes in Tamil Nadu.
Answer:

  • Purachi Thalaivar M.G.R. Nutrition Meal Programme
  • National Programme of Nutritional Support to Primary Education
  • General ICDS Projects and World Bank Assisted Integrated Child Development Services
  • Pradhan Manthri Gramodaya Yojana Scheme (PMGYS)
  • Tamil Nadu Integrated Nutrition Programme
  • Mid-Day Meal Programme

Part – III

Answer any 10 questions. Question No. 42 is compulsory. [10 x 5 = 50]

Question 29.
Fill in the blanks:
Answer:
(i) ………………was known as the “Father of modem China”.
(ii) ………………soil is suitable for the cultivation of tea and coffee plants.
(iii) Our tradition and national ethos is to practice………………
(iv) ………………play an important role in the supply of quality goods at responsible rates to common
people.
(v) ………………is the third largest airport in India after Mumbai and Delhi.
Answers
(i) Dr. Sun-yat-sen
(ii) Laterite
(iii) Disarmament
(iv) Consumer co-operatives
(v) Chennai International Airport

Question 30.
Match the following:
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 4 English Medium - 1
Answers:
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 4 English Medium - 2

Question 31.
Match the following:
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 4 English Medium - 3
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 4 English Medium - 4

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 4 English Medium

Question 32.
(a) Distinguish between
(i) Agro based industry and Mineral based industry
(ii) Roadways and Railways
Answer:
(a) (i) Agro based industry and Mineral based industry:
Agro based industry :

  1. Agro based industries use agricultural products as their basic raw materials
  2. The major agro based industries of our country are cotton textile industry, Jute industry, sugar industry etc.
  3. These industries are located near the areas of cultivation.

Mineral based industry :

  1. Minerals based industries use both metallic minerals and Non-metallic minerals as their raw materials.
  2. The major minerals based industry, of our country is the iron and steel industry.
  3. These industries are located either near the coalfields or iron ore mines.

(ii) Roadways and Railways:
Roadways:

  1. Roadways are cost efficient and the most popular dominant mode of transport.
  2. They link different part of our country.
  3. They are used by all sections of the people.
  4. Construction of roads is less expensive.
  5. The roads are classified into village roads, District Roads, State Highways, National Highways, Golden Quadrilateral Super Highways, Express Ways, Broad roads and International Highways.

Railways:

  1. Indian Railways provide the principal mode of transport for freight and passengers.
  2. It brings people from the farthest comers of our country.
  3. They promote trade, tourism, education and national integrations.
  4. Construction of railway is highly expensive.
  5. Railway lines are classified into three categories namely, Broad gauge, Meter gauge and Narrow gauge.

(b) Give reason: Karur is called the Textile capital of Tamil Nadu.
Answer:
Karur is a well known industrial centre. The city is famous for cottage and handloom textiles.
It exports all kinds of textile items all over the world.

Question 33.
Describe the rise and growth of nationalist politics in South Africa.
Answer:

  • There were two major political parties in South Africa – the unionist party which was mainly British, and the South Africa Party which had largely Afrikaners (Boers).
  • The first Prime Minister, Botha belonged to the South Africa Party. He ruled in cooperation with the British. But a militant section of the South Africa Party formed the National Party under Herzog.
  • Herzog wanted a twin policy of supremacy of whites over Blacks and Afrikaners over British.
  • In the 1920 elections, the National Party gained forty-four seats. The South Africa Party, now led by
  • Smuts, secured forty-one seats.
  • The British dominated Unionist Party now merged with the South Africa Party. This gave Smuts a majority over the militant Afrikaner-controlled National Party.

Question 34.
Critically examine the Civil Disobedience Movement as the typical example of Gandhian movement.
Answer:
1. Programmes such as no-base campaigns caught the imagination of the peasants. Gandhi announced a no-tax campaign in Bardoli in February 1922. These movements greatly enhanced Gandhi’s reputation as a national leader, especially the peasants.

2. Gandhi made a nation-wide tour. Wherever he visited there was a bonfire of foreign clothes. Thousands left government jobs, students gave up their studies in large numbers and the lawyers gave up thriving practices.

3. Boycott of British goods and institutions were effective. The boycott of the Prince of Wales’ visit to India was successful. During this boycott trade unions and workers participated actively.

4. However, Gandhi suddenly withdrew the movement because of the Chauri Chaura incident. On 5 February 1922 a procession of the nationalists in Chauri Chaura, a village near Gorakhpur in present-day Uttar Pradesh provoked by the police turned violent.

5. The mob burnt the police station 22 policemen lost their lives. Gandhi immediately withdrew the movement. Gandhi was arrested and was released only in 1924.

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 4 English Medium

Question 35.
What is urbanization? Explain its impacts.
Answer:
The process of society’s transformation from rural to urban is known as urbanization. The level of urbanization of a place is assessed based on the size of population of the towns and cities and the proportion of population engaged in non agricultural sectors. These two are closely linked to the process of industrialization and expansion of the secondary and tertiary sectors of economy.

Impacts of urbanization:

  • Urbanization and population concentration go hand – in – hand and are closely related to
    each other. A rapid rate of urbanization in a society is taken as an indicator of its economic development. ‘
  • Urbanization is increasing rapidly in the developing countries including India.
  • Rural to urban migration leads to population explosion in urban areas. Metropolitan cities like Mumbai, Kolkatta and Delhi have more population than that can accommodate.

The following are the major problem of urbanization in India:

  • It creates urban sprawl.
  • It makes overcrowding in urban centres.
  • It leads to shortage of houses in urban areas.
  • It leads to the formation of slums.
  • It increases traffic congestion in cities. ‘
  • It creates water scarcity in cities. ,
  • It creates drainage problems.
  • It poses the problem of solid waste management.
  • It increases the rate of crime.

Question 36.
Explain the characteristic features of summer and winter seasons of Tamil Nadu.
Answer:

Summer Seasons:

  • The apparent migration of the sun towards north during March, April and May results in the reception of vertical sun’s rays by South India. Thus there is a steady rise in temperature from the equator.
  • Hence, Tamil Nadu located to the south of Tropic of Cancer, experiences high temperature. Generally the temperature varies from 30°C to more than 40°C.
  • During this season particularly in the month of May, southern part of the state receives some rainfall from pre-monsoon showers (Mango/Blossom showers) and some parts experience convectional rainfall.

Winter Seasons:

  • During January and F ebruary, the vertical ray s of the sun fal 1 between the Tropic of Capricorn and the Equator. Hence, Tamil Nadu and India on the whole receive slanting rays from the sun. So, the weather is slightly cooler during these months.
  • The difference between summer and winter temperature is not very high. Winter temperature in Tamil Nadu varies from 15°C to 25°C. However, in the hill stations, the winter temperature drops below 5°C occasionally.
  • Some valleys in the Nilgiris record even 0°C. This drop in temperature leads to the formation of thick mist and frost. This season is practically dry.

Question 37.
Explain the Jurisdiction and powers of the Supreme Court of India.
Answer:
The Supreme Court is the guardian of the constitution. He performs the following functions.

1. Original Jurisdiction :- The cases which are brought directly in the first instance to the Supreme Court come under original jurisdiction. These may be – (a) dispute between the government of India and one or more States, (b) dispute between two or more States and (c) the cases involving fundamental rights come under the jurisdiction of the Supreme Court.

2. Appellate Jurisdiction :- The Supreme Court is the final appellate Court in the country. It hears appeals against the decisions of High Court in “civil, criminal and constitutional” cases with a certificate from the High Court that it is fit to appeal in the Supreme Court.

3. Advisory Jurisdiction :- The Constitution confers on the President the power to refer to the Supreme Court any question of law or fact which in his opinion is of public importance.

4. The Law declared by the Supreme Court is binding on all courts within the territory of India.

5. The Supreme Court also enjoys the power of judicial review.

Question 38.
Trace the reason for the formation of BR1CS and write its objectives.
Answer:
Reason for the formation of BRICS:

  • To be an alternative to World Bank and IMF to challenge U.S. supremacy.
  • To provide self-owned and self-managed organisations to carry out developmental and economical plans in its member nations.

Objectives of BRICS :

  • To achieve regional development
  • It acts as a bridge between developed and developing countries
  • To contribute extensively to development of humanity
  • To establish a more equitable and fair world
  • Boost intra BRICS trade in their local currencies to increase trade cooperation and cope with the current international financial crisis.
  • To promote the technological information exchange among the member states.
  • To enhance inclusive economic growth that will lead to an increase in the creation of jobs, fight against poverty and accelerate the economic transformation of members.

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 4 English Medium

Question 39.
Write about the composition of GDP in India.
Answer:
Indian economy is broadly divided into three sectors which contribute to the GDP –

  • Primary Sector – It includes agriculture based allied activities, production of raw materials such as cattle farm, fishing, mining, forestry etc. It is also called agricultural sector.
  • Secondary Sectqr – It includes industries that produce a finished, usable product or are involved in construction. This sector generally takes the output of the primary sector and manufactures finished goods. It is also called industrial sector.
  • Tertiary Sector – It is known as service sector and includes transport, insurance, banking, trade, education, health care etc.

Question 40.
Elaborate the Public Distribution System.
Answer:

1. The increase in food grain production need not result in increase in access to food for all. Given the unequal distribution of income and the level of poverty that persists in Indian economy, the government took steps to distribute food grains at subsidised rates through the Public Distribution System (PDS).

2. The nature, scope and functioning of PDS varies from state to state. While Tamil Nadu has adopted an ‘Universal’ PDS, the rest of the states in India had a ‘Targeted’ PDS. Under universal PDS all the family ration card holders are entitled to the supplies from PDS.

3. In the targeted PDS, the beneficiaries are identified based on certain criteria and given their entitlements, leaving out the rest. Both the Union and the State governments subsidised the supplies distributed through PDS. The level and quantum of subsidy also varied across states.

Question 41.
Draw a time line for the following:
Write any five important events between 1870-1907
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 4 English Medium - 5

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 4 English Medium

Question 42.
Mark the following places on the world map.
(i)Germany
(ii) Hungary
(iii) Romania
(iv) Bulgaria
(v) Italy
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 4 English Medium - 6

Part – IV

Answer both questions. [2 x 8 = 16]

Question 43.
(a) General Assembly and Security Council
(i) List the permanent member countries of the Security Council.
(ii) What is the Holocaust?
(iii) Who was the Chairperson of the UN Commission on Human Rights?
(iv) What is meant by veto?
Answer:
(a) General Assembly and Security Council:
(i) The United States, Britain, France, Russia and China.
(ii) The word ‘holocaust’ is used to describe the genocide of nearly six million Jews by the Germans during the Second World War.
(iii) The widow of US President Franklin Roosevelt was the chairperson of the UN Commission on Human Rights.
(iv) A veto is the power to unilaterally stop an official action, especially the enactment of legislation.

(b) Organs of the EU
(i) Which is the Legislative body of the EU?
(ii) Where is the seat of the Court of Justice?
(iii) What is the function of the European commission?
(iv) Who is responsible for the foreign exchange operation?
Answer:
(b) Organs of the EU
(i) The European Parliament
(ii) Luxemburg
(iii) It is responsible for initiating legislation and the day to day running of the EU.
It drafts proposals for New European laws and presents to the European parliament and the council.
(iv) The European central bank.

[OR]

(c) Dheeran Chinnamalai
(i) When was Dheeran Chinnamalai born?
(ii) How did he earn the title “Chinnamalai”?
(iii) Name the Diwan of Tipu Sultan.
(iv) Why and where was he hanged to death?
(c) Dheeran Chinnamalai
(i) Dheeran Chinnamalai was bom in 1756 in the Mandradiar royal family of Palayakottai.

(ii) Once when Tipu’s diwan Mohammed Ali was returning to Mysore with the tax money, Theerthagiri blocked his way and took back all the tax money. He let Mohammed Ali go by instructing him to tell his Sultan that ‘Chinnamalai; who is between Sivamalai and Chinnamalai, was the one who took away taxes. Thus, he gained the name ‘Dheeran Chennamalai’.

(iii) Mohammed Ali

(iv) He was hanged at the top of the Sankagiri Fort on 31 July 1805 because he refused to accept the rule of the British.

(d) Indian National Congress:
(i) What were the techniques adopted by the Congress to get its grievances redressed?
(ii) What do you know of Lal-Bal-Pal triumvirate?
(iii) Where was the first session of Indian National Congress held?
(iv) How did the British respond to the Swadeshi Movement?
Answer:
(d) Indian National Congress:
(i)The techniques adopted by the Congress to get its grievances redressed included appeals, petition and delegation to Britain.
(ii) Lala Lajpat Rai of Punjab, Bal Gangadhar Tilak of Maharashtra and Bipin Chandra Pal of Bengal were three prominent leaders during the Swadeshi period. They are often referred to as Lal-Bal-Pal triumvirate.
(iii) The first session of Indian National Congress was held at Bombay.
(iv) The British brutally crushed the Swadeshi movement by arresting prominent leaders and putting them into the prison.

Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 4 English Medium

Question 44.
Mark the following places on the given outline map of India.
(i) Uttar Pradesh
(ii) North east monsoon
(iii) Agasthiyamalai bio-sphere reserve
(iv) Kolkata
(v) Tea growing area
(vi) Deccan plateau
(vii) Andaman and Nicobar
(viii) Cochin
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 4 English Medium - 7

[OR]

Mark the following places on the given outline map of Tamil Nadu:
(i) Palar
(ii) Tropical Evergreen forest area
(iii) Alluvial soil
(iv) Thanjavur
(v) Kanniyakumari
(vi) Cotton growing area
(vii) Limestone area
(viii) Pamban
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 4 English Medium - 8

Map for Q. 42
(i) Germany
(ii) Hungary
(iii) Romania
(iv) Bulgaria
(v) Italy
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 4 English Medium - 9

Map for Q. 44
(i) Uttar Pradesh
(ii) North east monsoon
(iii) Agasthiyamalai bio-sphere reserve
(iv) Kolkata
(v) Tea growing area
(vi) Deccan plateau
(vii) Andaman and Nicobar
(viii) Cochin
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 4 English Medium - 10

Map for Q. 44
(i) Palar
(ii) Tropical Evergreen forest area
(iii) Alluvial soil
(iv) Thanjavur
(v) Kanniyakumari
(vi) Cotton growing area
(vii) Limestone area
(viii) Pamban
Answer:
Samacheer Kalvi 10th Social Science Model Question Paper 4 English Medium - 11

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TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 1 Historical Background of Commerce in the Sub-Continent

TN State Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 1 Historical Background of Commerce in the Sub-Continent

Question 1.
What is meant by Barter system?
Answer:
Before the invention of money goods were exchanged for some other goods.

Question 2.
What is meant by Nallangadi?
Answer:
Day market was called as Nalangadi according to Saint, Poet Ilango Silapathigaram, Madurai to Kanchi.

Question 3.
What is meant by Allangadi?
Answer:
The place where the goods were sold was called ‘Angadi’ in that period. The night market was called as ‘Allangadi’.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 1 Historical Background of Commerce in the Sub-Continent

Question 4.
Explain the meaning of the term “Vanigam”.
Answer:
The word ‘Vanigam’ has been widely used in sangam literature like Purananuru and Thirukkural. The Tamil-Brahmi inscriptions from Alagarmalai, Pugalur, Mangulam and Sri Lanka illustrate the fact that trade in gold, oil, plough, cloth etc.was conducted during the early age.

Question 5.
Write a short note on Maruvurapakkam and Pattinapakkam?
Answer:

  1. Big cities like Poompuhar had the Maruvurappakam’ (inland town) and ‘Pattinapakkam’(coastal Town), had market and bazaars where many merchants met one another for the purpose of selling or buying different kinds of commodities and food stuff.
  2. Port towns like Tondi, Korkai, Puhar and Muziri were always seen as busy with marts and markets with activities related to imports and exports.
  3. In such a brisk trade, people of the coastal region, engaged themselves in coastal trade and developed their intercontinental trade contacts.

Question 6.
What is the role of Sangam in trade development of ancient Tamiinadu?
Answer:

  1. Trade in Sangam period was both internal and external but it was conducted by means of barter (pandamattru) Trade was one of the major means of linking various regions in the medieval period.
  2. Sangam work refers to great traders, their caravans, security force, markets, marts and guilds of such great traders.
  3. The important articles which then hilly tribes offered to their neighbours in exchange were honey and roots and fruits while pastoral people offered cattle, milk and milk products.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 1 Historical Background of Commerce in the Sub-Continent

Question 7.
What are the ports developed by Pandiya kingdom?
Answer:

  1. Trade and commerce was so common to Pandiya Dynasty.
  2. Information collected from the diaries of foreign travellers, voyagers, mariners and adventurers of the ancient world highlighted the prosperity of trade in the Pandiya country.
  3. The Hebrew and Latin literature, archaeological remains in Aden, Alexandria, Java, Sumatra and even China add support to the fact of existence of trade network in the Pandiya country.
  4. At the same time Pandiya developed some parts namely Korkai, Saliyur, Marunguar pattinam and Kumari are important ports among them for foreign trade.

Question 8.
What was focused in Arthasasthra about creation of wealth?
Answer:

  1. “Kautilya’s Arthasasthra” describeseconomy in Mauriyan time. This brought out history of marketing practised some 2000 years ago. According to Kautilya, trade in Medieval India was centralized.
  2. Since the commodities produced could not be sold in the location of production, the state designated certain places for selling the commodities.
  3. It levied duties on goods brought into the city and could be sold after payment of duty.
  4. Only certain merchants were authorized to engage in trade to sell at prices fixed by the chief controllers of State Trading.
  5. Arthasastra focussed on creation of wealth as the means to promote the well being of the people.
  6. Kautilya gave importance for the state in relation to treasury, taxation, industry, commerce, agriculture and conservation of natural resources.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 1 Historical Background of Commerce in the Sub-Continent

Question 9.
What are the hindrances of business?
Answer:
(i) Hindrance of person:
Manufacturers do not know the place and face of the consumers. It is the retailer who knows the taste, preference and location of the consumers. The chain of middlemen consisting of wholesalers, agents and retailers establish the link between the producers and consumers.

(ii) Hindrance of place :
Production takes place in one centre and consumers are spread throughout the country and world. Rail, air, sea and land transports bring the products to the place of consumer.

(iii) Hindrance of time:
Consumers want products whenever they have money, time and willingness to buy. Goods are produced in anticipation of such demands. They are stored in warehouses in different regional centres so that they can be distributed at the right time to the consumers.

(iv) Hindrance of risk of deterioration in quality:
Proper packaging and modem air conditioned storage houses ensure that there is no deterioration in quality of products. Goods are protected against insects, rats, evaporation etc.

(v) Hindrance of risk of loss:
Fire, theft, floods and accidents may bring huge loss to the business. Insurance companies serve to cover the risk of such losses.

Question 10.
State the constraints in barter system.
Answer:
(i) Lack of double coincidence of Wants:
Unless two persons who have surplus have the demand for the goods possessed by each other, barter could not materialize. For instance ‘A’ is having a surplus of groundnut and ‘B’ is possessing rice in surplus. In this case A should be in need of rice possessed by B as the latter should desperately need groundnut possessed by A. If this “coincidence of wants” does not exist, Barter cannot take place.

(ii) Non-existence of common measure of value:
Barter system could not determine the value of commodities to be exchanged as they lacked commonly acceptable measures to evaluate each and every commodity. It was difficult to compare the values of all articles in the absence of an acceptable medium of exchange.

(iii) Lack of direct contact between producer and consumers:
It was not possible for buyers and sellers to meet face to face in many contexts for exchanging the commodities for commodities. This hindered the process of barter in all practical sense.

(iv) Lack of surplus stock:
Absence of surplus stock was one of the impediments in barter system. If the buyers and sellers do not have surplus then no barter was possible.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 1 Historical Background of Commerce in the Sub-Continent

Question 11.
Explain the development of Commerce and Trade in North India.
Answer:

  1. India was prosperous even during the medieval period from 12th to 16th centuries despite political upheavals.
  2. Balban was the first sultan who paved the way in the dense forest and helped traders and their commercial caravans to move from one market place to others. Alauddin Khilji brought the price to a very low ebb.
  3. He encouraged import of foreign goods from Persia and subsidised the goods. Arabs were dominant players in India’s foreign trade.
  4. They never discouraged Indian traders like Tamils, Gujaratis, etc.. The Trade between the coastal ports were in the hands and Marwaris and Gujaratis.
  5. The overland trade with central and west Asia was in the hands of Multanis who were Hindus and Khurasanis who were Afghans, Iranians and so on.

Question 12.
Briefly explain the coastal trade in ancient Tamilnadu.
Answer:

  1. Big cities like Poompuhar had the ‘Maruvurappakam’ (inland town) and ‘Pattinapakkam’ (coastal Town), had market and bazaars where many merchants met one another for the purpose of selling or buying different kinds of commodities and food stuff.
  2. Port towns like Tondi, Korkai, Puhar and Muziri were always seen as busy with marts and markets with activities related to imports and exports.
  3. In such a brisk trade, people of the coastal region, engaged themselves in coastal trade and developed their intercontinental trade contacts.
  4. They were engaged in different kinds of fishing pearls, and conches and produced salts and built ships. Boats like ‘Padagu’, ‘Thimil’, ‘Thoni’, ‘Ambu’ ‘Odampunai’ etc… were used to cross rivers for domestic trade while Kalam, Marakalam, Vangam, Navai etc., were used for crossing oceans for foreign trade.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 1 Historical Background of Commerce in the Sub-Continent

Question 13.
What do you know about the overseas trading partners of ancient Tamilnadu?
Answer:
(i) The growth of civilization witnessed the rise and fall of many dynasties, but still the course of commerce activities continued further and further, not only within a country, but also between nations of the world. However Tamil Nadu remained to be the founder of trade and commerce both within and outside as evidenced in various ancient literatures like Sangam.

(ii) Roman and Greek traders frequented the ancient Tamil country and forged trade relationship with ancient Kings of Pandiya, Chola and Chera dynasties. Cholas had a strong trading relationship with Chinese Song Dynasty. The cholas conquered the Sri Vijaya Empire of Indonesia and Malaysia to secure a sea trading route to China.

(iii) During the 16th and 18th centuries, India’s overseas trade expanded due to trading with European companies. The discovery of new all – sea routes from Europe to India via Cape of Good Hope by Vascoda Gama had far – reaching impact on the civilized world.

(iv) The arrival of Portuguese in India was followed by the advent of other Europeancommunities. India’s maritime trade was a monopolized one over Europeans and at one stage the global trade share of India was 55 per cent which is just 2 per cent in 21st century.

(v) The European merchants who came to India were not only individual merchants but also represented their respective governments. They gained a strong foothold in India’s maritime trade by virtue of their strong naval power. In course of time their commercial motives turned into territorial ambition like the East India Company which became the British Empire here.

(vi) Textiles and ship building earned name and fame in the 17th and 18th centuries. Britishers gradually abolished Princely order in the Indian territories. Thus the demand for Indian goods declined during the British rule.

(vii) Britishers put in place policies prohibiting the export of some of the popular goods like Indian textile goods, handicrafts, to Great Britain.

(viii) Between early 1600 and mid – 19th century, the British East India company led establishment and expansion of foreign trade all over Asia.

(ix) Although initial interest of the East India Company was aimed at reaping profits, their single minded focus was on establishing a trade, monopoly throughout Asia.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 1 Historical Background of Commerce in the Sub-Continent

Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
The place where the goods are sold is:
(a) Angadi
(b) MarketAnswer:
(c) Nalangadi
(d) Allangadi
Answer:
(a) Angadi

Question 2.
Hindrance of place is removed by:
(a) Transport
(b) Warehouse
(c) Salesman
(d) Insurance
Answer:
(a) Transport

Question 3.
Who wrote “Arthasasthra”?
(a) Kautilya
(b) Chanakiya
(c) Thiruvalluvar
(d) Elangovadigal
Answer:
(a) Kautilya

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 1 Historical Background of Commerce in the Sub-Continent

Question 4.
Trade and Commerce was common to ______________ Dynasty.
(a) pallava
(b) Chola
(c) Panidya
(d) Chera
Answer:
(c) Panidya

Question 5.
_________ was first sultan who paved way in the dense forest and helped traders to move from one market place to others place for their commercial caravans.
(a) Balban
(b) Vascoda Gama
(c) Akbar
(d) Alauddin Khilij
Answer:
(a) Balban

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Notes Chapter 1 Historical Background of Commerce in the Sub-Continent

→ Commerce has been in practice since time immemorial. It is part and parcel of human life, whether it is a king or a common man. It emerged as an economic activity, mainly as barter system which means exchange of goods for goods. Before invention of money barter system is possible.

→ The growth of civilisation witnessed the rise and fall of many dynasties, but still the course of commerce activities continued further and further, not only within the country but also between nations of the world. TamilNadu is one of the founder of trade and commerce both within and outside as evidenced in various ancient literatures like sangam.

→ In early days Ancient people who used the word ‘trade’ The word Vanigam and Vanipam would have had a Dravidian origin. The Vanigam has been widely used in Sangam literature like purananuru and Thirukkural Sangam work refers to great traders, their caravans, security force markets, merits and guilds of such great traders.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 1 Historical Background of Commerce in the Sub-Continent

→ Barter system cemented their relationship internally while cpins were used later for the purpose of exchange of goods in external trade.

→ Trade and commerce was so common to Pandiya Dynasty.

→ Foreigners who transacted business were known as Yavanars. Arabs who traded with Tamil Were called ‘Jonagar’ Hindrance of commerce are eliminated by trade, transport, warehouse, storage house, insurance companies, advertising, banks.

TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions

TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 2 Objectives of Business

TN State Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 2 Objectives of Business

Question 1.
Define Economic Activities?
Answer:
Activities undertaken with the object of earning money are called economic activities.
eg: Retailer selling goods on his shop.

Question 2.
What do you mean by Business?
Answer:
Business refers to any human activity undertaken on a regular basis with the object to earn profit through production,
distribution, purchase and sale of goods and services.
eg: Fishing, Mining.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 2 Objectives of Business

Question 3.
Define Profession?
Answer:

  1. Profession includes those activities, which require special knowledge and skill to be
  2. It includes activities regarding professionals, people who are engaged in a profession are called as professionals, eg: Doctors, lawyers, engineers.

Question 4.
What do you mean by Employment?
Answer:

  1. Employment refers to the occupation in which people work for others and get . remuneration in return in the form salary or wages.
  2. The one who is employed by others are called employees and
  3. The one who employs others is called employers.
    eg: Managers, clerks, factory workers.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 2 Objectives of Business

Question 5.
What do you mean by human activities? Explain.
Answer:

TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 2 Objectives of Business 1

Human activity is an activity performed by a human being to meet his / her needs and wants or may be for personal satisfaction. Human activities can be categorized into economic and non-economic activities. The chart below gives a snapshot of human activities.

Economic activities:
Activities undertaken with the object of earning money are called economic activities,
eg: (i) Production of goods by manufacturers,
(ii) Distribution of goods by wholesaler.

Non-economic activities:
Activities under-taken to satisfy social and psychological needs are called non-economic activities,
eg: (i) Cooking food for family,
(ii) Celebrating festivals.

Question 6.
Write short notes on:
(i) Business,
(ii) Profession
Answer:
(i) Business:
Business refers to any human activity undertaken on a regular basis with the object to earn profit through production, distribution, sale or purchase of goods and services.

(ii) Professions:
Professions are those occupations which involves rendering of personal services of a special arid expert nature. A profession is something which is more than a job. It is a career for someone who is competent in their respective areas. Those engaged in a profession are called professionals and they earn income by charging professional fee.
eg: Doctors, Engineers.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 2 Objectives of Business

Question 7.
Explain the concept of ‘Business’.
Answer:
Business activities are connected with raising, producIng or processing of goods. Industry creates form utility to goods by bringing materials into the form which is useful for intermediate consumption
(i.e., further use of material in order industry) or final consumption by consumers.

Question 8.
Briefly state the human objectives of a business.
Answer:

  1. Human objectives refer to the objectives aimed at the well-being as well as fulfillment of expectations of employees as also of people who are disabled, handicapped and deprived of proper education and training.
  2. The human objectives of business may thus include economic well-being of the employees, social and psychological satisfaction of employees and development of human resources.

Question 9.
Explain the characteristics of Business.
Answer:
The essential characteristics of business are as follows:
(i) Production or Procurement of Goods:
Goods must be produced or procured in order to satisfy human wants.

(ii) Sale, Transfer or Exchange:
There must be sale or exchange of goods or services. When a person weaves cloth for his personal consumption, it is not business because there is no transfer or sale.

(iii) Dealing in Goods and Services:
Goods produced or procured may be consumer goods like cloth, pen, brush, bag etc., or producer-goods like plant and machinery. Services refer to activities like supply of electricity, gas or water, transportation, banking, insurance etc.

(iv) Regularity of Dealings:
An isolated dealing in buying and selling does not constitute business. The transactions must be regular.

(v) Profit Motive:
An important feature of business es profit motive. Business is an economic activity by which human beings make their living.

(vi) Element of Risk:
The profit that is expected in a business is always uncertain because it depends upon a number of factors beyond the control of the businessman. For example, change in consumer preference. That is why profit is said to be reward for risk-taking. Thus any business activity includes an element of risk too.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 2 Objectives of Business

Question 10.
Compare business with profession and employment.
Answer:

TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 2 Objectives of Business 2

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 2 Objectives of Business

Question 11.
Discuss any five objectives of business.
Answer:
(i) Economic Objectives:
Economic objectives of business refer to the objective of earning profit and also other objectives that are necessary to be pursued to achieve the profit objective, which includes creation of customers, regular innovations and best possible use of available resources.

(ii) Social Objectives:
Social objective are those objectives of business, which are desired to be achieved for the benefit of the society.

(iii) Organisational Objectives:
The organisati-onal objectives denote those objectives an organization intends to accomplish during the course of its existence in the economy like expansion and modernization, supplyof quality goods to consumers, customers’ satisfaction, etc.

(iv) Human Objectives:
Human objectives refer to the objectives aimed at the well¬being as well as fulfillment of expectations of employees as also of people who are disabled, handicapped and deprived of proper education and training.

(v) National Objectives:
Being an important part of the country, every business must have the objective of fulfilling national goals and aspirations. The goal of the country may be to provide employment opportunity to its citizen, earn revenue for its exchequer, become self-sufficient in production of goods and services, promote social justice, etc.

Question 12.
Distinguish between economic and non economic activity.
Answer:

Economic Activities

Non Economic Activities

Economic activities arc those activities which are undertaken to earn money or financial gain for livelihood, eg: fruit seller selling fruits. Non-economic activities are those activities which are undertaken for the sake of pleasure, performed out of love, sympathy, sentiments etc. eg: Mother cooks for her family.
Motive: Sole motive is to earn money or financial gain, eg: Working as a lawyer. Undertaken for satisfaction of social, psycho -logical or emotional needs, eg: Visit to a temple.
Money Measurement:All economic

activities can be valued in monetary terms, eg: Doctor charges ? 500 as consultation fee.

Non-economic activities cannot be valued in monetary terms. These are an expression of a thought, feeling or a gesture, eg: An NGO distributes free clothes to poor children.
Relationship: Economic activities are related to creation of wealth, eg: Ram saved part of his salary to purchase a house of his own. Non-economic activities do not create wealth, eg: Money received as donation is spent on charity work.
Outcome All econqmic activities result in production, procurement, distribution and consumption of goods and services, eg: Nokia produces cell phones and sells across India through its distributors. The end result of a non-economic activity is the mental, emotional or psychological satisfaction of the person doing the activity, eg: Sona enjoys teaching orphans in an orphanage.
Durations: Economic activities are repetitive. They are done on a regular basis to earn a living, eg: Kulfi ice cream seller sells ice creams every evening. Non-economic activities may not be undertaken regularly. Usually they are done during free time, eg: Shankar visits orphanage in her free time.

Question 13.
Do you know that there are white collar, blue collar, pink collar jobs?
Answer:
Blue collar:
A blue collar worker is a working class person who performs manual labour, blue collar work may involved skilled or
unskilled manufacturing, mining, oil field construction.
eg: Managerial position.

White collar:
The white collar worker typically performs work in an office environment and may involve sitting at a computer or desk.
eg: Mechanics.

Pink collar:
A third type of worker is a service worker is called pink collar job whose labour is related to customer inter action. Entertainment sales or other service oriented work.
eg: Teachers, Doctors, Nurses.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 2 Objectives of Business

Choose the correct answer:

Question 1.
The Primary objective of a business is:
(a) making profit
(b) not making profit
(c) special skill
(d) None of the above
Answer:
(a) making profit

Question 2.
Occupation of a Doctor is:
(a) employment
(b) business
(c) profession
(d) sole proprietor
Answer:
(c) profession

Question 3.
The following does not characterize business activity?
(a) production of goods and services
(b) presence of Risk
(c) sale or exchange of goods and services
(d) salary or wages
Answer:
(d) salary or wages

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 2 Objectives of Business

Question 4.
Activities undertaken out of love and affection or with social service motive are termed as:
(a) economic activities
(b) monetary activities
(c) non-economic activities
(d) financial activities
Answer:
(c) non-economic activities

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Notes Commerce Chapter 2 Objectives of Business

→ Main aim of Business is to earn profit. Commerce is considered to be part of business. Business deals with goods and services.

→ Exchange of goods and services should frequently takes place. The profit motive is an important distinguishing feature of business.

→ It is any activity concerned with earning money through production and exchange of goods and services.

→ Risk element is always present so profit is uncertain. Human Activity is an activity performed by a human being to meet his / her needs and wants or may be for personal satisfaction.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 2 Objectives of Business

→ Human activities may be two economic and non-economic activities.

→ Activities undertaken with the object of earning money are called economic activities (i.e.) production of goods by manufacturers selling by retailers.

→ Non-economic activities:
Activities undertaken to satisfy social and psychological needs are called non-economic activities (i.e.) looking good for family.

→ Celebrating festivals doing meditation economic objective of business is to earn profit. Social objective of business which are desired to be achieved for the benefit of the society.

TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions

TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 27 Facilitators of International Business

TN State Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 27 Facilitators of International Business

Question 1.
What is WTO?
Answer:
The World Trade Organisation (WTO) was established on 1st January 1995. The GATT was renamed as WTO with some changes. WTO has 164 member countries as on 29th July 2016. India is one of the three founder members.

Question 2.
What do you mean by World Bank?
Answer:
International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (IBRD) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development is commonly known as World Bank. It was set up in 1944.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 27 Facilitators of International Business

Question 3.
What is Special Drawing Rights?
Answer:
Special Drawing Rights was created by the IMF in the year 1969 as supplementary international Asset. It is described as paper gold.

Question 4.
What is SAARC?
Answer:
South Asian Association for Regional Co-operation is the regional intergovernmental organization and geo-political union of nations in South Asia. The member countries include Afghanistan, Bangladesh, Bhutan, India, Nepal, Srilanka, Pakistan and Maldives. It was established on 8th December 1985. It was founded at Dhaka in Bangladesh.

Question 5.
What is GATT?
Answer:

  1. GATT is one of the mechanism for regulating controlling trade relation across the countries around the world.
  2. GATT was signed Geneva on 30th October 1947 by23 countries. It came into effect on 1 January 1948. It had rules and regulation for conducting international trade.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 27 Facilitators of International Business

Question 6.
What is the primary motive of establishment of WTO?
Answer:

  1. The World Trade Organisation (WTO) was established on 1st January 1955. The GATT was renamed as WTO with some changes. WTO has 164 member countries as on 29th July 2016.
  2. India is one of the three founder members.
  3. It is empowered to take decisions on all vital matters under the multilateral trade agreements.
  4. The day to day work of WTO has been entrusted to the central council. WTO is located at Geneva [Switzerland].

Question 7.
Name the affiliate of World Bank.
Answer:

  1. International Development Association (IDA).
  2. International Financial Corporation (IFC).
  3. Multinational Investment Guarantee Agency (MIGA).
  4. International Centre for Settlement of Investment Disputes (ICSID).

Question 8.
What are the criticisms of World Bapk?
Answer:

  1. Free trade benefits developed countries more than developing countries.
  2. Neglect Environmental consideration most favoured nation principles.
  3. Neglect of cultural and social factors.
  4. Failure to reduce tariffs on agriculture inability of people in developing countries to buy life saving drugs.
  5. Neglect of farmers interest in developing countries.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 27 Facilitators of International Business

Question 9.
How is the value of SDR determined currently?
Answer:

  1. SDR was created by the IMF in the year 1969 as supplementary international reserve asset.
  2. It is described as paper gold.
  3. Initially the value of SDR was fixed to be 0.888671 grams of fine gold equivalent to one US dollar till the year 1973.
  4. After the collapse of Britten Wood system in 1973 SDR was redefined as basket of currencies.
  5. From 1st October 2016 SDR basket consists of US dollar, Euro, the Chinese Renminbi, Japanese Yen and British Pound sterling.
  6. The value of SDR is regularly posted daily in IMF website.
  7. It is calculated as the sum of specific amount of each basket currency value is US dollar based On the spot exchange rates observed at noon London time.
  8. IMF allocates SDR to member countries in proportion to their quota. IMF member can exchange SDR for freely usable currencies by voluntary exchange or as per IMF instructions.
  9. Besides members can borrow from IMF at favourable rate of interest to correct imbalance in balance of payments.

Question 10.
Mention the functions of SAARC.
Answer:
Functions of SAARC are highlighted.

  1. Monitoring and co-ordinating the development programme.
  2. Determining inter-sectoral priorities.
  3. Mobilizing cooperation within and outside the region.
  4. Dealing with modalities of financing.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 27 Facilitators of International Business

Question 11.
Point out the objectives of WTO.
Answer:

  1. Improving the standard of living of people in member countries.
  2. Making optimum utilization of world’s resources for sustainable development of member countries.
  3. Promoting an integrated more viable and durable trading system in the sphere of international business.
  4. Expansion of trade in goods and services.
  5. Ensuring full employment and large steady growth volume of real income and effective demand.
  6. Protecting the environment.

Question 12.
Write down the functions of WTO.
Answer:
WTO performs the following functions:

  1. It is a forum for negotiation and formalization of trade agreement among the member countries.
  2. It settles disputes and grievances relating to trade among the member countries.
  3. It frames commonly acceptable code of conduct in order to reduce trade barriers.
  4. It holds consultations with IMF and World Bank (IBRD) and its affiliates to bring about a greater understanding and co-operation in global economic policy making.
  5. It supervises the operations of agreement relating to General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) and Trade-Related Intellectual Properties Rights (TRIPS).
  6. It regulates trade between participating countries.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 27 Facilitators of International Business

Question 13.
Describe the benefits of WTO.
Answer:
(i) WTO is promoting international peace and creating .a conductive environment for conducting international trade.

(ii) It settles the trade disputes amicably among the member countries.

(iii) It promotes the standard of living of people by increasing their income level from free trades.

(iv) WTO has removed quantitative restrictions and non-tariff barriers. It has facilitated free flow of foreign trade among the member countries. The countries can impose import restrictions only to correct balance of payments difficulties and not otherwise.

(v) It stimulates economic growth of developing countries by providing them with much needed capital and giving them preferential treatment in trade related matters.

(vi) WTO organizes periodical regional and international conference. Thus developing countries get opportunity to learn the technicalities, rules and regulations governing world trade, technical assistance available globally, trade potentials in member countries and so on.

(vii) WTO gives people across the world a wider choice of goods and broader range of qualities of goods to choose from by promoting free trade among the member countries.

(viii) WTO has lowered trade barriers and thereby allowed trade to flourish across the world. The increase in trade contributes to increase in national income and personal income of people.

(ix) WTO provides a platform for member countries to establish trade links with one another. In the absence of WTO member countries may have to enter many multilateral agreement with so many countries across the world. It provides a greater access to all natiohs under one roof.

(x) WTO is committed to protecting free trade. It has framed rules on subsidies and dumping.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 27 Facilitators of International Business

Question 14.
Highlights the functions of IBRD.
Answer:

  1. Assisting reconstruction of war-affected countries.
  2. Promoting economic growth and balanced growth of international business.
  3. Promoting infrastructural facilities like energy and transportation, road development, etc. in member countries.
  4. Encouraging agricultural and industrial development in developing countries by providing adequate resources.
  5. Providing resources for promoting sanitation, education, health care and small scale enterprises in member countries.
  6. Improving standard of living of people of member countries by providing assistance by removing poverty, raising productivity, providing technical support and conducting research and development.

Question 15.
Write down the functions of IMF.
Answer:

  1. It acts as short term credit institution at the international level.
  2. It provides machinery for ordinary adjustments of exchange rates.
  3. It has a reservoir of currencies of the member countries from which a borrower can borrow currencies of other nations.
  4. It promotes economic stability and global growth by encouraging countries adopt sound economic and financial policies.
  5. It offers technical assistance and .training . to help member countries strengthen and implement effective policies. Technical assistance, is offered in formulating banking, fiscal, monetary and exchange policies.
  6. It helps member countries correct their imbalance in balance of payment.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 27 Facilitators of International Business

Question 16.
Explain how far India has benefited from IMF.
Answer:
Free Convertibility of Indian Rupee:
Indian rupee has become independent after the establishment of IMF. Earlier it was linked with pound sterling. Its value is now determined in terms of Gold. Hence it is freely convertible.

(i) Loan For Development Activities:
India got several loan facilities from IMF for its several development projects.

(ii) Ability To Purchase Foreign Currency:
Government of India is able to purchase foreign currencies from time to time to meet the ever growing requirement of development activities.

(iii) Expert Advice:
India used to get expert advice from IMF for solving the economic problems. It has given valuable advice to India with regard to financing its 5 year plan.

(iv) Timely Help:
India has received timely help from IMF many a time to eliminate the deficit in its balance of payments. India got help from IMF during 1966 in the aftermath of war with Pakistan. It received assistance from IMF for combating oil shock. Between 1980 and 1983 India got assistance from IMF to manage global economic recession.

(v) Financial Assistance during Natural Calamity:
India has got a lot of financial assistance from IMF to solve the economic crises arising from natural calamities like, floods, famine, earthquake, aggressions of Chinese and Pakistan etc. It gets technical assistance from IMF.

(vi) Membership in World Bank:
By virtue of its membership in IMF India could become member in the World Bank.

(vii) Help During 1991 Economic Crisis:
During1990, India faced serious economic crisis. Indian Government was almost nearing bankruptcy. It got assistance from IMF by pledging its gold reserve with it’to solve its balance of payments crisis.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 27 Facilitators of International Business

Question 17.
A vital role played in international business by WTO.
Answer:
World Trade Organisation (WTO) is the only global international organisation dealing with the rules of trade between nations.

Question 18.
Necessity for world as global village through IMF, IBRD and SAARC.
Answer:

  • It acts as short term credit institution at the intemationallevel.
  • Promoting the welfare of people of Asia.

Question 19.
WTO- new agreements.
Answer:
Its main aim is to ensure smooth flow of goods trade. World organisation was established on 1st January 1993. The GATT was renamed as WTO with some changes WTO has 164 member countries as on 29th July 2016.

Question 20.
IMF World Bank and SAARC major role in international business.
Answer:

  1. Monitoring and co-ordinating the development programme.
  2. Dealing with modelities of financing.
  3. World Bank: Providing long term loans to developing countries.
  4. IMF: It works for faster global growth.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 27 Facilitators of International Business

Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1.
General Agreement on Tariff and Trade was signed on:
(a) 30-October-1947
(b) 29-October-1947
(c) 28-October-1947
(d) 26-October-1947
Answer:
(a) 30-October-1947

Question 2.
WTO was established on:
(a) 1-1-1996
(b) 1-1-1997
(c) 1-1-1995
(d) 1-1-1994
Answer:
(c) 1-1-1995

Question 3.
The headquarter of WTO is located at:
(a) New York
(b) London
(c) Geneva
(d) Brazil
Answer:
(c) Geneva

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 27 Facilitators of International Business

Question 4.
The day to day administration of WTO is entrusted with:
(a) Executive Council
(b) General Council
(c) Administrative Council
(d) General Body
Answer:
(b) General Council

Question 5.
World bank is located at:
(a) Washington DC
(b) New York
(c) Tokyo
(d) HongKong
Answer:
(a) Washington DC

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 27 Facilitators of International Business

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Notes Chapter 27 Facilitators of International Business

→ World trade organisation: International business involved complex issues among various countries way back 1950’s. A keen need then was felt to establish separate ipechanism for regulating and controlling trade relation across the countries around the world.

→ As a result, the general agreement on tariffs and trade. [GATT] was signed at Geneva on 30th October 1947 by 23 countries. It came into effect on 1st January 1948. GATT was a multilateral treaty. It laid down rules and regulations for conducting international trade.

→ GATT achieved many success but various countries felt the need to create a new international body to replace the GATT. The GATT which remained in force from 1948 to 1994. Thus came to an end with the establishment of world trade organisation [WTO] on 1st January 1995.

→ The day to day work of WTO has been entrusted to the general council. WTO is located at Geneva [Switzerland].

TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions

TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 25 International Business

TN State Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 25 International Business

Question 1.
What do you mean by international business?
Answer:

  1. International business denotes all those business activities which take place beyond the geographical limits of the country.
  2. It involves not only the international movements of goods and services, but also of capital personnel, technology and intellectual property like patents, trademarks, know-how and copy rights.

Question 2.
What is meant by Export Trade?
Answer:

  1. When the firm of country sells goods and services to a firm of another country it is called export trade.
  2. Export trade indicates selling of goods and services from the home country to a foreign country, eg: the sale of handicraft, leather products, electronic goods, herbal products, etc., by Indian company to other countries is known as export trade.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 25 International Business

Question 3.
What is meant by Import Trade?
Answer:

  1. When the business firm of a country purchases goods -from the firm of another country it is called import trade.
  2. Importing means purchase of foreign products and bringing them into one’s home country,
    eg: When Indian enterprise purchases petroleum products, electrical goods, machinery, and medical equipments etc., from other countries, it is termed as Import Trade.

Question 4.
What is meant by Entrepot Trade?
Answer:
When the firm of country imports goods for . the purpose of exporting the same goods io the firms of some other country with or without making any change in the goods meant for export it is known as entrepot trade.

Question 5.
Give any two reasons for International Business.
Answer:

  • Unequal distribution of natural resources.
  • Uneven availability of factors ofproduction.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 25 International Business

Question 6.
Describe importance of the external trade to an economy.
Answer:

  1. Due to advancement of technology the national economics are increasingly becoming borderless and getting progressively integrated into the world economy. The contemporary world is called as “global village”.
  2. Business in today’s context is not restricted to the mere boundaries of the country but alsso expands to boundaries of the several other countries.
  3. Due to tremendous development in the information and communication technology (ICT) and rapid advancement in transportational system more and more firms engage in international business which presents them with numerous opportunities for their faster economic growth and increased gains.

Question 7.
What is the necessity for entrepot trade?
Answer:
A country cannot import goods directly from the others because of the following reasons.

  1. The country may not have any accessible trade routes connecting the importing country.
  2. The goods imported may require further processing or finishing before exporting, and these facilities may be lacking in the exporting or importing country.
  3. There may not have any bilateral trade agreement between both the country.
  4. Importer and exporter may not share good economic relation with each other.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 25 International Business

Question 8.
What are the limitations of .international business?
Answer:
(i) Economic Dependence:
International trade is more likely to make the country too much dependent on imports from foreign countries. The former may not take any efforts to produce goods and services indigenously’to substitute imported goods and thus becoming self sufficient. As a result the importing country may become economically slave to exporting country and end up becoming colony of the exporting country.

(ii) Inhibition of Growth of Home Industries:
International business may discourage the growth of indigenous industry.

(iii) Import of Harmful Goods:
International business may lead to import of luxurious goods, spurious goods, dangerous goods, etc. It may harm the well-being of people.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 25 International Business

Question 9.
List out the advantages of international trade.
Answer:
(i) Geogaraphical Specialization:
Countries across the world differ significantly in terms of natural resources, capital equipment, manpower, technology and land and so on.

(ii) Optiniurn use of Natural Resowces:
International business operates on a simple principle that a country which can produce more efficiently and trade the surplus production with other countries has to procure what it cannot produce more efficiently.

(iii) Economic Development:
International business helps the developing countries greatly in achieving rapid economic development by importing machinery, equipment, technology, talent, and so on.

(iv) General ion of Employment:
International business generates employment opportunities by assisting the expansion and growth of agricultural and industrial activities. It provides direct employment to those people who are hired by export and import firms and generates indirect employment to number of intermediary firms like, clearing and forwarding agent, indent houses transport organizations, outsourcing agencies, etc.

(v) Higher Standard of Living:
On account of international business, the citizens of the country can buy more varieties of goods and services which cannot be produced cost effectively within the home country.

(vi) Price Equilisation:
International business helps to stabilize the prices of various commodities which are fluctuating on a daily basis in the world market. Whenever the price of a commodity rises sharply in a particular country, the same commodity is imported from some other foreign countries to prevent the sharp rise in prices in the home country.

(vii) Prospects for Higher Profit:
International business helps the firms which produce goods in excess to sell them at relatively higher price to various countries in the international market. This enables them to earn higher profit.

(viii) Capacity Utilisation:
International business enables the firms across the country to sell their goods and services on a large scale in the international market.

(ix) International Peace:
International business makes countries across the world become inter-dependent while these countries are independent in their functioning.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 25 International Business

Question 10.
Enumerate the disadvantages of international trade.
Answer:
(i) Economic Dependence:
International trade is more likely to make the country too much dependent on imports from foreign countries. The former may not take any efforts to produce goods and services indigenously to substitute imported goods and thus becoming self sufficient.

(ii) Inhibition of Growth of Home Industries:
International business may discourage the growth of indigenous industry. Unrestricted imports and severe competition from foreign companies may ruin the home industries altogether.

(iii) Import of Harmful Goods:
International business may lead to import of luxurious goods, spurious goods, dangerous goods, etc. It may harm the well-being of people.

(iv) Shortage of Essential Goods in Home Country:
Moreover the export of essential commodities out of the greed of earning more foreign exchange may result in absolute shortage of these goods at home country and people may have to buy these commodities at exorbitant price in the local market.

(v) Misuse of Natural Resources:
Excessive export of scarce natural resources to various countries across the world may lead to faster depletion of the resources in the exporting countries.

(vi) Political Exploitation:
International business may create economic dependence among the countries which may threaten their political independence.

Question 11.
Distinguish between Internal and International trade.
Answer:

TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 25 International Business 1

(iii) Legal Obligations:
Foreign trade is to be conducted strictly in accordance with the export and import policy of the country concerned. The consent of the government is to be mandatorily obtained with reference to export and import of certain goods and services. Thus government intervention is direct in respect of international transactions.

(iv) Exposure to Risk:
International business imposes huge risks on the parties thereto due to long distances, fluctuation of value of currency, obsolescence, sanctioned, war, etc.;

(v) Heavy Documentation Work:
International business necessitates fulfillment of a lot of formalities. Parties to international business have to execute a number of documents in the matters of conducting International business.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 25 International Business

Question 12.
Scope of international business.
Answer:
Involvement of countries. International business can take place only when transactions occur across different countries

Question 13.
Wide range of international business.
Answer:
Geographical specialisation optimum use of Natural resources, Economic development.

Question 14.
Take interest in export or import trade Try to become exporter.
Answer:
In export – take interest in exporting all types of dress materials. Like Sarees, Chudithars.
First I select Importer: To follow export trade procedure.

  1. Receiving enquiries.
  2. Receipt of order or indent.
  3. Obtaining letter of credit.
  4. Obtaining export license.
  5. Obtaining shipping order.
  6. Packing, marking and forwarding.
  7. Preparation of Invoice.
  8. Obtaining customs clearance.
  9. Paying dock dues.
  10. Verification of goods to be shipped.
  11. Bill of lading.
  12. Certificate of origin.
  13. Receiving payments.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 25 International Business

Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1.
Movement of goods, services, intellectual property, human assets, technology and so on among the countries:
(a) international Trade
(b) international business
(c) entrepot Trade
(d) internal trade
Answer:
(a) international Trade

Question 2.
Goods are imported for purpose of re-export to another country is termed as:
(a) import trade
(b) export trade
(c) entrepot trade
(d) international trade
Answer:
(c) entrepot trade

Question 3.
Movement of goods, services among the countries:
(a) international trade
(b) international business
(c) entrepot trade
(d) internal trade
Answer:
(b) international business

Question 4.
Selling of goods from home country to foreign country is called:
(a) home trade
(b) entrepot trade
(c) foreign trade
(d) joint venture
Answer:
(c) foreign trade

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 25 International Business

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Notes Chapter 25 International Business

→ This chapter presents the basic aspects of international business. It enlightens the students on the difference between internal trade and international business. Types of international business. The advantages and dis advantages of international business. The various pieces of literature bear enormous evidence about India’s foreign trade with other countries.

→ Evidences about our international trade are found in the ancient literature of our country particularly in our Sangam literature. There were regular Trade routes across the seas to the distant Jawa and Sumatra Islands in the east and up to the Arabian Peninsula in the west.

→ But the volume of such trade was insignificant and continued to remain so small all through the middle ages and right Up to the advent of the British rule in India. It is only after the establishment of the British rule in India that India’s foreign trade took a definite shape.

→ International trade has become a part and parcel of the normal economic life of any country. International business denotes all those business activities which take place beyond the geographical limits of the country.

TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions

TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 23 Channels of Distribution

TN State Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 23 Channels of Distribution

Question 1.
Who is a middlemen?
Answer:
Hie term ‘Middlemen’ refers to all those who are in the link between the primary producer and the ultimate consumer in the exchange of goods or service.

Question 2.
Define Wholesaler.
Answer:
According to evelyn Thomas “a true wholesaler is himself neither a manufacturer nor to retailer but act as a link between the two”.
[OR]
According to cundiff and still “Wholesaler buys from the producer and sell merchandise to the retailers and other merchants and not to the consumer”.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 23 Channels of Distribution

Question 3.
Define Retailer.
Answer:
According to Evelyn Thomas. “The retailer is the last of the many links in the economic chain where by the consumer’s wants are satisfied smoothly and efficiently by retailers”.
[°R]
According to cundiff and still “A retailer is a merchant or occasionally an agent whose main business is selling directly to the ultimate consumers”.

Question 4.
Who is a broker?
Answer:
A Broker is one who bargains for another and receives commission for his service. He is paid ‘brokerage’ for his services. He brings buyer and the seller to the negotiating process and arranges for finalising contracts between them.

Question 5.
What are the classifications of the merchant middlemen?
Answer:
The merchant middlemen can be sub-divided into

  1. Wholesaler,
  2. Retailer.

The mercantile agents are:

  1. Brokers,
  2. Factors,
  3. Commission Agents,
  4. Del-credere Agents,
  5. Auctioneers,
  6. Warehouse keepers.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 23 Channels of Distribution

Question 6.
Who are the mercantile agents?
Answer:
Mercantile Agents are also called functional middlemen. A businessman appoints a person to buy and sell goods on his behalf and gives him the right to borrow money on the security of goods.

Question 7.
What do you understand by channels of distribution?
Answer:
A channel is the route through which the goods are passed on to the ultimate consumer. There are direct channels or routes of distribution without middlemen. Indirect channel consists of one or more middlemen performing different functions. Middlemen help in the flow of goods towards the lakhs or crores of consumers.

Question 8.
Who is a factor?
Answer:
A factor is a mercantile agent to whom goods are entrusted for sale by a principal. He takes physical possession of the goods, though he does not obtain ownership of the goods.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 23 Channels of Distribution

Question 9.
Explain the types of mercantile agents.
Answer:
(i) Brokers,
(ii) Factors,
(iii) Auctioneers,
(iv) Commission Agents,
(v) Warehouse keepers.
(vi) Del-credere Agents.

(i) Brokers:
A Broker is one who bargains for another and receives commission for his service. He is paid ‘brokerage’ for his services.

(ii) Factors:
A factor is a mercantile agent to whom goods are entrusted for sale by a principal.

(iii) Commission Agent or Consignees:
A commission agent buys and sells goods on behalf of the principal for a fixed rate of commission for all his transactions.

Question 10.
Explain any three characteristics of wholesalers.
Answer:
The following are file characteristics of wholesalers:

  1. Wholesalers buy goods directly from producers or manufacturers.
  2. Wholesalers buy goods in large quantities and sell in relatively smaller quantities.
  3. Wholesalers’ sell different varieties of a particular variety of product.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 23 Channels of Distribution

Question 11.
What are the services .rendered by the wholesalers to the manufacturers?
Answer:
Services to Producers or Manufacturers:

  1. Economies in Large Scale.
  2. Assistance in Distribution.
  3. Warehousing Facility.
  4. Forecasting of Demand.
  5. Publicity of Goods

Question 12.
What are the characteristics of retailers?
Answer:

  1. Retailer generally involves dealing in a variety of items. A retailer makes purchases from producers or wholesalers in bulk for sale to the end consumers in small quantities.
  2. Retail trade is normally carried on in or near the main market area.
  3. Generally, retailers involve buying on credit from wholesalers and selling for cash to consumers.
  4. A retailer has indirect relation with the manufacturer (through wholesalers) but a direct link with the consumers.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 23 Channels of Distribution

Question 13.
What are the functions of Wholesalers?
Answer:
(i) Collection of Goods:
Wholesaler collects the goods from manufacturers or producers in bulk.

(ii) Storage of Goods:
Wholesaler collects and stores them safely in warehouses, till they are sold out. Perishable goods like fruits, vegetables, etc. are stored in cold storage facility.

(iii) Distribution:
Wholesaler sells goods to different retailers. Thus he performs the function of distribution.

(iv) Financing:
Wholesalers provide financial support to producers and manufacturers by providing money in advance to them. He also sells goods to retailer on credit. Thus, at both ends wholesaler acts as a financier.

(v) Risk Taking:
Wholesaler buys finished goods from the producer and keeps them in the warehouses till the time they are sold and assumes the risk arising from price, spoilage of goods, and changes in demand.

Question 14.
What are functions of Retailers?
Answer:
Functions of Retailers:
(i) Buying:
A retailer buys a wide variety of goods from different wholesalers after estimating customer’s demand.

(ii) Storage:
A retailer maintains a ready stock of goods and displays them in the shop.

(iii) Selling:
The retailer sells the goods in small quantities according to the -demand taste and preference of consumers.

(iv) Grading and Packing:
The retailer grades the goods which are not graded by manufacturers and wholesalers.

(v) Risk-bearing:
A retailer always keeps stock of goods in anticipation of demand and bears the risk of loss due to fire, theft, spoilage, price fluctuations, etc.

(vi) Transportation:
Retailers often carry goods from manufacturers to their retail outlets.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 23 Channels of Distribution

Question 15.
Explain the services rendered by wholesalers to retailers.
Answer:
(i) Financial Assistance:
Wholesalers provide financial assistance to retailers by selling goods on credit. This is done by allowing credit to retailers purchasing goods from them and makes payment to them after receiving money from their customers. This helps retailers to manage their business with small amount of working capital.

(ii) Meeting the Requirements:
Due to limited capital and lack of space in his facility a retailer cannot hold large variety of products.

(iii) Introduction of New Products :
Wholesalers bring new products and their uses to the notice of retailers.

(iv) Price Stability:
Wholesalers reduce price fluctuations by adjusting supply and demand and save the retailers from loss arising from price fluctuations.

(v) Economy in Transport:
A wholesaler often delivers goods at the door steps of retailers and save their time and cost of transport.

(vi) Regular Supply:
Wholesalers keep large stock of varieties of goods and provide a regular supply of goods as per the retailer’s need.

Question 16.
What are the service’s rendered by retailers to wholesalers?
Answer:
(i) Help in Distribution:
Retailers relieve the manufacturers and wholesalers of the burden of collecting and executing a large number of small orders from various consumers.

(ii) Market- Information:
Retailer supply valuable information to wholesalers about changes in tastes, preferences, fashion etc. of consumers.

(iii) Large Scale Operation:
The manufacturers and wholesalers are freed from the trouble of making individual sales to consumers in small quantities. This enables them to operate on, at relatively large scale and thereby fully concentrate on their other activities.

(iv) Help in Promotion:
Retailers participate in the promotional activities carried by , manufacturers and wholesalers such as short time offers, coupons, free gifts, sales contests, etc. Retailers help in promoting the sale of the products.

(v) Personal Attention:
The retailer is able to provide more personal attention to his customers than the wholesaler is, He gives special services on the spot when the articles require minor repairs.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 23 Channels of Distribution

Question 17.
Explain the services rendered to consumers by Retailers.
Answer:
A retailer provides the following services to consumers.
(i) Regular Supply of Goods:
Retailers maintain a ready stock of various products of different manufacturers for sale to consumers.

(ii) New Products Information:
The retailers provide important information about the new arrival of products through their personal.

(iii) Credit Facilities:
Sometimes retailers provide credit facilities to their customers and enable them to increase their level of consumption.

(iv) Wide Selection:
Retailers generally keep stock of a variety of products of different manufacturers.

(v) Miscellaneous Services:
(a) Retailers provide free door delivery services to the customers,
(b) They provide after sale service to customers,
(c) They allow cash discounts on their sales.

Question 18.
What are the factors affecting a channel of distribution?
Answer:
The factors determining the suitability of a channel for a product distribution are as follows:
(i) Product Characteristics:
Seasonal products are distributed through less layer of middlemen. Non standardized products that are made according to customer specifications may be delivered directly.

(ii) Market Characteristics:
The size of the market for the goods is a major factor while selecting the route for distribution of products.

(iii) Number of Consumers:
Large purchases made by few consumers require centralised distribution.

(iv) Middlemen factor:
Middlemen who are experienced and have produced more sales are wanted by all producers. Long channel naturally increases the cost and price of the product.

(v) Capacity of the Manufacturer:
A financially strong producer may select a high technology oriented channel which will reduce cost in the long run. Manufacturers with large volume of production may open direct branches in cities and towns where there is more sales. They can also provide more services expected by consumers.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 23 Channels of Distribution

Question 19.
Student should visit a nearby wholesale trade unit and watch the trading activities held there.
Answer:
Rathna Fan House – T. Nagar. All kinds of fans are available here.

Question 20.
Student should visit a nearby two-wheeler showroom and watch which type of channel of distribution followed by them.
Answer:
Manufacturer – middlemen – showroom – customers.

Question 21.
Student should know that there will be SOHO (small Office – Home Office) method that plays an important role.
Answer:

  • Small office: For. business purpose to open separate office to use business purpose.
  • Home office: For business purpose our home is used as a business office purpose.

Question 22.
Students should recognize the importance of on-Ijne trading and develop them as per the future developments in this field.
Answer:

  1. Importance of on-line trading and develop on-line trading.
  2. Fast growth of increasing the population no time to spend for shopping.
  3. So people to sit at home. to order the products which is necessary for their home. So on-line trading is essential for fast growth of population.

Samacheer Kalvi TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions Chapter 23 Channels of Distribution

Choose the Correct Answer:

Question 1.
Trade middleman who acts as a link between wholesaler and customers refers to a:
(a) producer
(b) broker
(c) retailer
(d) customer
Answer:
(c) retailer

Question 2.
Who is the first middleman in the channel of distribution?
(a) Wholesaler
(b) Producer
(c) Retailer
(d) Customer
Answer:
(a) Wholesaler

Question 3.
________ buy the goods from the producer and sell it to the retailers.
(a) Manufacturer
(b) Wholesaler
(c) Retailer
(d) consumers
Answer:
(b) Wholesaler

Question 4.
________ are buyer and the seller into contact.
(a) Broker
(b) Commission agent
(c) Selling agent
(d) stockiest
Answer:
(a) Broker

Question 5.
Merchant middlemen can be classified into ______ categories.
(a) three
(b) two
(c) five
(d) four
Answer:
(b) two

Question 6.
Wholesalers deal in ________ quantity of goods.
(a) small
(b) large
(c) medium
(d) limited
Answer:
(b) large

Question 7.
A ______ is a mercantile agent to whom goods are entrusted for sale by a principal and takes physical possession of the goods, but does not obtain ownership.
(a) broker
(b) factor
(c) warehouse-keeper
(d) commission agent
Answer:
(b) factor

Samacheer Kalvi 11th Commerce Notes Chapter 23 Channels of Distribution

→ The manufacture producing goods on large scale select the channel through which their goods should reach the consumers. These goods are converted into cash only when the end user buy and use them. To cut the cost, to reach maximum customers and to retain all consumers and producers select one channel or combine many channels to distribute the goods.

→ Channel of distribution:
A channel is the route through which the goods are passed on to the ultimate consumer. There are direct channels or routes of distribution without middle men. Middle men help in the flow of goods towards the lakhs or crores of consumers. The products should reach all these consumers living inside the country and throughout the world.

There are industrial and consumer goods, perishable and durable goods, pin to plane different size of goods and so on. Not only the goods but also the services need distribution network.

TN Board 11th Commerce Important Questions